WIXLIB

12-18 months Years Social and Print SkillsYour Child’s Social SkillsYour Child’s Print SkillsReadingWritingYour child will like to give things to others asa game.Your child will carry a book.Your child will make up simple games withimagination (e.g., makes animal sounds withstuffed animals).Your child will hold a book withhelp and attempt to turn pages,usually several at a time.Your child will imitate other children.Your child will turn the book rightside-up.Your child will repeat what was justsaid/signed.Your child will point to a picture in abook when asked "Where's the?"Your child will scribble with acrayon or pencil.Your child will imitate actions of others.Your child will take turns as languagedevelops.Your child will begin to use signs/words torequest a turn (MY-TURN, “mine”).Build on what your child says. Ifthey say/sign “ball,” you can say,“That’s your big, red ball” orsign, BALL (big) RED, YOUR.SM-12

18-24 months Receptive and Expressive Language SkillsLanguage your child understands18-24monthsHow your child expressesthoughts/feelingsYour child will follow simple directions (e.g.,throw the ball or give the baby a kiss).Your child will begin to name the pictures inbooks.Your child will understand simple questions(e.g., Who is this? and Where is the shoe?)Your child will ask what, who and where (e.g.,"What (is) that?" "Who is it?" and "Where meow(kitty)?“)Your child will point to book illustrationswhen named.Your child will combine two words like morebread, baby up, and mama book,.Your child will complete two requests withone object.Your child will engage in word and soundplay.Your child will choose tow familiar objects onrequest.Your child will attempt to tell stories aboutexperiences.Your child will understand 250-500 words by24 months.Your child will use 200-300 words by 24months.Your child will follow 2-step relatedcommands on request by 24 months.Children who are deaf or hard of hearing learn the same ashearing children; by interacting with the world around them.They do so by interacting with a variety of people and objectsand having many experiences. Little things such as cleaning,cooking, fixing things, etc. all help your child learn, so besure to include your child when you do those tasks.SM-14

18-24 months Social and Print SkillsYour Child’s Social SkillsYour child will take 1-2 turns in aconversationYour child will use language to request helpYour Child’s Print SkillsReadingWritingYour child will attend to picturesand written text for severalminutesYour child will tell the differencebetween words and picturesYour child will initiate pretend playYour child will bring a book toan adult to readYour child will tell about past events andfuture actionsYour child will look at a bookalone and pretend to readfamiliar booksYour child will explore drawing,painting, and writing as a way tocommunicateYour child will imitate drawing marksor scribblingYour child will request information (e.g., Whatis this?)Your child will play mainly alongside otherchildren, although begins to include them ingames like running and chasing each otherSM-15

2-3 years Receptive and Expressive Language SkillsLanguage your child understandsYour child will understand opposite words,such as open-close, big-small, and up-down.2-3 yearsHow your child expressesthoughts/feelingsYour child will talk about things that are notin the same room.Your child will respond to yes/ no questions.Your child will use the present progressiveform (Los niños están comiendo).Your child will answer what who where andwhat are you doing questions.Your child will give commands with twosteps.Your child will understand connectedlanguage.You can say their name, age and gender.Your child will follow compound directions,such as "Find the spoon and put it on thetable."Your child will ask why?Your child will use approximately 1000 wordsby 3 years.Your child will use definite (el, la, los and las)and indefinite articles (un, una, unos andunas).Your child will use regular past tense/simplepreterit (Ella caminó por el parque.)Your child will combine three words to ask forthings and talk about them.Your child will say ]words like "I", "my", "we","you" and some plurals (cars, dogs, cats).Respecting children’s attempts atautonomy and independence is importantfor their social and emotional growth.SM-16

2-3 years Social and Print SkillsYour Child’s Social SkillsYour Child’s Print SkillsReadingWritingYour child will hold books with twohands and turn the pages one by one.Your child will tell a story foran adult to write.Your child will engage in make-believeactivities.Your child will recognize and identifysome letters in context.Your child will imitate simplelines and shapes with acrayon.Your child will express feelings (e.g., mad,happy, sad, scared).Your child will recognize that symbolshave meaning (e.g., the golden archessymbolizes McDonald’s).Your child will begin to give directions (e.g.,You do it, Don't touch it).Your child will recognize familiar booksby their cover.Your child will use questions to getinformation and request clarification.Your child will recite parts of well-knownstories, songs, and nursery rhymes.Your child will take turns, share, and askpermission of others.Your child will use language more in play(e.g., pretend to chat on thephone/text/videophone).Your child will tell a story from pictures.Your child will wait patiently for their turnwhile playing games with others.Your child will recite parts of well-knownstories and songs.Your child will share toys and join games.Your child will answer simple questionsabout a story.Ask your child totell you the storythat goes with afavorite book.“Tell me aboutthe mouse andthe cookie.”Reading helpslanguagedevelopment.SM-17

3-4 years Receptive and Expressive Language SkillsHow your child expressesthoughts/feelingsLanguage your child understands3-4 yearsYour child will respond when called fromanother room.Your child will use possessives (nuestro perro).Your child will carry out 3 relatedcommands in order.Your child will use irregular imperfect andpreterit past tense (La niña tenía 4 años; Saracorrió a su casa).Your child will understand 1,500-2,000words.Your child will engage in episodic play.Your child will name an object when giventhe function.Your child will understand the words forfamily members, such as brother,grandmother, and aunt.Your child will produce speech that isunderstood by all.Your child will begin to describe the use ofobjects.Your child will share personal experiences andshort personal narratives.Your child will combine 5 words to create asentence.Your child will use 800-1500 words.In play children learn how to learn. Encouragingcreative and imaginative play will build language andlearning skills.SM-18

3-4 years Social and Print SkillsYour Child’s Social SkillsYour Child’s Print SkillsReadingWritingYour child will take 4-5 turns duringconversation.Your child will understand thatbooks are made up of writtenwords.Your child will draw or copy twolines that cross ( ).Your child will relay a message.Your child will interact with booksread aloud to a group.Your child will print a few letters ornumbers.Your child will show understanding of others'feelings and needs and talk about what youlike.Your child will hold books rightside-up and turn pages left toright.Your child will draw pictures you canrecognize.Your child will make conversational repairs.Your child will answer questionsabout a story.Your child will draw pictures ofpeople that have at least three parts(e.g., head, eyes, nose, arms, legs).Your child will enjoy role-playing with others(e.g., play Mom and Dad).Your child will retell familiarstories.Your child will ask or respond to questions for Your child will identify someclarification.uppercase and lower-case letters.Your child will work in a small group for 1015 minutes.Your child will attend to a 10–15minute story.Your child will prefer to play with otherchildren more than alone.Your child will answer somequestions about a story.Join yourchild’spretend playgames.SM-19

4-5 years Receptive and Expressive Language SkillsLanguage your child understands4-5 yearsHow your child expressesthoughts/feelingsYour child will understand the words for theorder of events, such as first, after, and last.Your child will answer the question "What didyou say?“Your child will understand 13,000 words.Your child will tell a simple story thatincludes a beginning middle and end usingcomplete sentences related to a topic.Understand the words for chronologicalorder, such as yesterday, today, andtomorrow.Your child will use sentences with more thanone verb, such as jump, play, and search.Follow more complicated directions, like "Puton your pajamas, brush your teeth, and thenpick a book.“Your child will use 5–8-word sentences.Follow classroom directions, such as "On thispage, draw a circle around something thatcan be eaten.“Your child will use the same grammar asfamily/home environment.Understands most of what is spoken at homeand at school.Uses adjectives and descriptors in sentences.Your child will show the ability to think aboutand comment on language.Your child will use 2,500 words.Your child will say their full name andaddress.Closed captions are helpful to children whoare deaf and hard of hearing even if yourchild does not read yet. Be sure captions orSpanish subtitles are on all the time athome and school.SM-20

4-5 years Social and Print SkillsYour Child’s Social SkillsYour Child’s Print SkillsReadingWritingYour child will join conversations. They willchange the topic, nicely interrupt, and takeat least 4 turns.Your child will identify mostuppercase and some lowercaseletters.Your child will recognize their ownname in print.Your child will discuss make-believe thingsand places.With adult support, your child willtrack words in a book from left toright, top to bottom, and page topage.Your child will print their first name orat least four letters.Your child will understand humor andother points of view.Your child will retell familiar storieswith structure and varying verbtense.Your child will state their town, their birthmonth, and their parents’ first names.Your child will draw pictures of peoplethat have at least a head with eyesnose-mouth, body, arms and legs,hands and feet.Your child will draw and print in aplanned and organized way.Your child will use words to invite others toplay.Sign/talk “out loud” when you playwith your child. Ask open-endedquestions like “What do you thinkwill happen if ?”SM-21

5-6 years Receptive and Expressive Language SkillsLanguage your child understands5-6 yearsHow your child expressesthoughts/feelingsYour child will understand time sequences(e.g., what happened first, second).Your child will produce sounds /r, g, d, ɲ, tʃ//correctly all of the time.Your child will classify items by material (e.g.,cloth, glass).Your child will relate action and describingwords to their opposites.Your child will understand who, what, when,where, why, and how questions.Your child will give and restate simple 1, 2,and 3-step directions.Your child will understand verbs bydemonstrating the actions.Your child will describe familiar people,places, things, and events with details.Your child will follow group instruction anddiscussion.Your child will answer questions to get help,give information, or better explainsomething.Your child will add drawings or other visualsto descriptions to show ideas and feelings.Your child will use adult-like grammar whenthey talk.80-90% of things we know are learned incidentally. Hearingstudents constantly absorb new information and knowledgethrough the daily noises, conversations and language that isspoken around them. Deaf and hard-of-hearing students maymiss this information if it is not directly taught and/or theydo not have access.SM-22

5-6 years Social and Print SkillsYour Child’s Social SkillsYour child will ask questions to understand atopic.Your Child’s Print SkillsReadingWritingYour child will engage in a group Your child will print all letters of thereading with purpose andalphabet by copying them or fromunderstanding.memory.Your child will follow agreed-upon rules fordiscussions (e.g., attend to others, takingturns).Your child will identify and nameall uppercase (capital) andlowercase letters of thealphabet.Your child will write most uppercaseand lowercase letters with correctspacing.Your child will engage in different kinds ofconversations.Your child will understand thatprint goes from left to right andtop to bottom.Your child will use words and picturesto tell an event or simple story in theright order.Your child will maintain a conversation andrespond to comments.Your child will print first and lastname with letters facing in the correctdirection.Your child will tell a well-structured, personalstory.Cook with your child.Cooking gives you timetogether. You can work onfollowing directions,math skills, and vocabulary.SM-23

6-7 years Receptive and Expressive Language SkillsLanguage your child understands6-7 yearsHow your child expressesthoughts/feelingsYour child will be able to summarize a storyafter one exposure.Your child will produce sounds /x, s/correctly all of the time.Your child will distinguish initial, middle andfinal sounds in single syllable words.Your child will produce narratives havecentral point, climax, and resolution.Your child will be able to identify things thatdon’t make sense in a sentence, both in themeaning of words and in the grammar.Your child tells and retells stories in logicalorder using complete sentences.Your child will produce full explanations.Your child will give and restate multi-stepdirections.Having good language skills is essential in order todeveloping good reading skills. If your child has delayedreading, they may have some struggles with language.SM-24

7-8 years Social and Print SkillsYour Child’s Print SkillsReadingWritingYour Child’s Social SkillsYour child will nicely gain attention andattend to others.By the end of first grade, Your childwill read most Spanish text with ahigh level of accuracy, regardless ofthe familiarity of the word patterns.Your child will print letters well.Your child will have discussions with differentpeople.Your child will be concerned withhow their writing looks.Your child will tell jokes.Your child will learn to spell oneand two-syllable words.Your child will check on a listener’sunderstanding.Your child will respond nicely to praise andapologies.Your child will establish handdominance and pencil grip.Your child will add words andsimple sentences to pictures towrite a story.Sign/talk to your child aboutthings you remember from whenyou were a child. Teach themyour favorite game from whenyou were a child and play itregularly.SM-25

7-8 years Receptive and Expressive Language SkillsLanguage your child understands7-8 yearsHow your child expressesthoughts/feelingsYour child will understand that words havesynonyms and multiple meanings.Your child will consistently produce thetrilled r.Your child use context clues to learn themeaning of unknown words.Your child will use more complex sentencestructures.Your child will follow 3-4 oral directions inorder.Your child can clarify ideas when notunderstood.Your child will answer questions about astory.Your child will produce narratives that havecomplete episodes, including a setting,reaction of characters, conflict, and aresolution.Your child will understand words about placeand time.Your child will form their own ideas andopinions.Only 30-40% of spoken language is visible on the lips forchildren who are deaf and hard of hearing to gaininformation. Your child will need full access to language tocontinue to grow, learn, and change.SM-26

6-7 years Social and Print SkillsYour Child’s Social SkillsYour child will produce full explanations.Your child will give multistep directions.Your child will check for comprehension.Your Child’s Print SkillsReadingWritingYour child will connect what theyYour child will summarize stories withread to personal experiences andone to two short sentences.world events.Your child will write simple stories withYour child will read grade-levelshort sentences in sequence withmaterial and understand the text.pictures.Your child will go back and reread a sentence that does notmake sense (self-monitor).Your child will write short journalentries.Your child will respond well to compliments.Think about usingwordless books and allowyour child to tell you astory independently.SM-27

8-9 years Receptive and Expressive Language SkillsLanguage your child understands8-9 yearsHow your child expressesthoughts/feelingsYour child will understand what is taught inclass.Your child will share their own ideas andopinions.Your child will retell, paraphrase, and explainthe main ideas and supporting details of alesson.Your child will explain classroom vocabulary.Your child will follow 4-step and higherdirections.Your child will ask complex questions to gaininformation.Your child will use words taught in subjectslike science, math, and social studies.Your child will ask and answer questionsabout information from a speaker.Your child will ask and answer factual andinferential questions.It is very difficult for a student who is deaf or hardof hearing to take notes and keep the watching thespeaker/interpreter to get visual information. Theybenefit greatly from a note taker.SM-28

8-9 years Social and Print SkillsYour Child’s Social SkillsYour child will bring books and assignmentsfrom school to home and return them toschool.Your child will use language to attain andmaintain social status.Your Child’s Print SkillsReadingWritingYour child will begin to move from"learning to read" to "reading tolearn" (by third grade).Your child will be able to identifythe setting, characters, theme, andplot of a story.Your child will understand others' viewpoints.Your child will describe charactersin a story and explain how theiractions impact the plot.Your child will give background details.Your child will retell folklore, fables,and tall tales.Your child will begin revising theirwork.Your child will use writing to relateexperiences.Your child will perform chores that take 15-20Your child will determine the mainminutes and run errands that involve timeidea of a text and recount keydelays

spoken Spanish. If your child is developing another language at the same time as their spoken Spanish, such as American Sign Language or spoken English, there may slight differences for some skills. Please see the General Language section of this parent handout to learn what language skills develop rega