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Fifth EditionART HISTORYmarilyn stokstadJudith Harris Murphy Distinguished Professor of Art History EmeritaThe University of KansasMichael w. cothrenScheuer Family Professor of HumanitiesDepartment of Art, Swarthmore �New York San Francisco Upper Saddle RiverAmsterdam Cape oDelhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong kyo
Editorial Director: Craig CampanellaEditor in Chief: Sarah TouborgSenior Sponsoring Editor: Helen RonanEditorial Assistant: Victoria EngrosVice-President, Director of Marketing: Brandy DawsonExecutive Marketing Manager: Kate MitchellMarketing Assistant: Paige PatunasManaging Editor: Melissa FeimerProject Managers: Barbara Cappuccio and Marlene GasslerSenior Operations Supervisor: Mary FischerOperations Specialist: Diane PeiranoMedia Director: Brian HylandSenior Media Editor: David AlickMedia Project Manager: Rich BarnesPearson Imaging Center: Corin SkiddsPrinter/Binder: Courier / KendallvilleCover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color / HagerstownThis book was designed byLaurence King Publishing Ltd, Londonwww.laurenceking.comEditorial Manager: Kara Hattersley-SmithSenior Editor: Clare DoubleProduction Manager: Simon WalshPage Design: Nick NewtonCover Design: Jo FernandesPicture Researcher: Evi PeroulakiCopy Editor: Jennifer SpeakeIndexer: Vicki RobinsonCover image: Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Harvesters, 1565. Oil on wood panel, 467 80 3 633 40 (1.17 31.6 m). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York/Art Resource, NY/Scala, Florence.Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbookappear on the appropriate page within text or on the credit pages in the back of this book.Copyright 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright andpermission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrievalsystem, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, orlikewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to PearsonEducation, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 or youmay fax your request to 201-236-3290.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataStokstad, MarilynArt history / Marilyn Stokstad, Judith Harris Murphy DistinguishedProfessor of Art History Emerita, The University of Kansas, Michael W.Cothren, Scheuer Family Professor of Humanities, Department of Art,Swarthmore College. -- Fifth edition.pages cmIncludes bibliographical references and index.ISBN-13: 978-0-205-87347-0 (hardcover)ISBN-10: 0-205-87347-2 (hardcover)1. Art--History--Textbooks. I. Cothren, Michael Watt. II. Title.N5300.S923 2013709--dc23201202745010 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Student EditionISBN 10:0-205-87347-2ISBN 13: 978-0-205-87347-0Instructor’s Review CopyISBN 10:0-205-93834-5ISBN 13: 978-0-205-93834-6Brief ContentsContents iv Letter from the Author xiv What’s New xv Pearson Choices xviii Acknowledgments and Gratitude xix Use Notes xxi Starter Kit xxii Introduction xxvi123456789101112131415161718Prehistoric Art 1Art of the Ancient Near East 26Art of Ancient Egypt 48Art of the Ancient Aegean 80Art of Ancient Greece 100Etruscan and Roman art 156Jewish and Early Christian Art 214Byzantine Art 232Islamic Art 264Art of South and Southeast Asiabefore 1200 294Chinese and Korean Art before 1279 330Japanese Art before 1333 360Art of the Americas before 1300 382Early African Art 408Early Medieval Art in Europe 428Romanesque Art 458Gothic Art of the Twelfth andThirteenth Centuries 49419Fifteenth-Century Art inNorthern Europe 5622021222324252627282930Renaissance Art in Fifteenth-CenturyItaly 594Sixteenth-Century Art in Italy 632Sixteenth-Century Art in NorthernEurope and the Iberian Peninsula 678Seventeenth-Century Art in Europe 712Art of South and Southeast Asiaafter 1200 770Chinese and Korean Art after 1279 792Japanese Art after 1333 814Art of the Americas after 1300 836Art of Pacific Cultures 860Art of Africa in the Modern Era 880Eighteenth- and Early Nineteenth-CenturyArt in Europe and North America 90431Mid to Late Nineteenth-Century Art inEurope and the United States 9623233Modern Art in Europe and the Americas,1900–1950 1016The International Scene since 1950 1082Fourteenth-Century Art in Europe 530Glossary 1138 Bibliography 1147 Credits 1159 Index 1163iii
chapterContents4Who Owns the Art? The Elgin Marbles and the Euphronios Krater 133Women at a Fountain House 139Greek Theaters 148The Celts 150Art of the AncientAegean 80 A Broader LookThe Tomb of the Diver 124Letter from the Author xiv What’s New xv Pearson Choices xviii Acknowledgments and Gratitude xix Use Notes xxi Starter Kit xxii Introduction xxvichapter1Prehistoric Art 1The Bronze Age in the Aegean 82The Cycladic Islands 82The Minoan Civilization on Crete 84The Old Palace Period, c. 1900–1700 bce 84The New Palace Period, c. 1700–1450 bce 85The Spread of Minoan Culture 90Boxes Art and Its ContextsHelladic Architecture 92Mycenaean Tombs 97Ceramic Arts 99 A Broader LookA Lyre from a Royal Tomb in Ur 32Shelter or Architecture? 4Artifacts or Works of Art? 5Cave Painting 8Cave Sculptures 11Architecture 13Sculpture and Ceramics 20New Metallurgy, Enduring Stone 23The Bronze Age 23Rock Carvings 24The Power of Naming 6Intentional House Burning 16 A Broader LookPrehistoric Woman and Man 22 A Closer LookA House in Çatalhöyük 15 Elements of ArchitectureEarly Construction Methods 19 TechniquePrehistoric Wall Painting 8Pottery and Ceramics 20 Recovering the pastHow Early Art is Dated 12chapter2Art of the AncientNear East 26The Fertile Crescent and Mesopotamia 28Sumer 28Akkad 35Ur and Lagash 37Babylon 37The Hittites of Anatolia 37Assyria 38Kalhu 38Dur �44Persia 44 Technique A Closer LookThe “Flotilla Fresco” from Akrotiri 923 TechniqueThe Gift of the Nile 50Early Dynastic Egypt, c. 2950–2575The God-Kings 50Artistic Conventions 51Funerary Architecture 53The Old Kingdom, c. 2575–2150The Great Pyramids at Giza 56Sculpture 58Pictorial Relief in Tombs 61Portraits of Senusret III 62Rock-Cut Tombs 62Funerary Stelai 63Town Planning 65The New Kingdom, c. 1539–1075 Recovering the pastbce 50Egyptian Symbols 51The Temples of Ramses II at Abu Simbel 74 A Closer LookThe Palette of Narmer 52 Elements of ArchitectureMastaba to Pyramid 55 TechniquePreserving The Dead 53Egyptian Pictorial Relief 64Glassmaking 76How Early Art is Dated 795The Romans 166The Republic, 509–27Art ofAncient Greece 100Portrait Sculpture 167Roman Temples 171bce 62Greek Art c. 900–c. 600bce 102The Geometric Period 102The Orientalizing Period 105The Archaic Period, c. 600–480bce 65bce 166The Early Empire, 27Historical Background 102Religious Beliefs and Sacred Places 102The Third Intermediate Period,c. 1075–715 bce 77Late Egyptian Art, c. 715–332 bce 78 A Broader LookEtruscan Architecture 158Etruscan Temples 158Tomb Chambers 160Works in Bronze 164The Emergence Of Greek Civilization 102The Great Temple Complexes 65Hatshepsut 67The Tomb of Ramose 69Akhenaten and the Art of the Amarna Period 70The Return to Tradition: Tutankhamun and Ramses II 73The Books of the Dead 77Boxes Art and Its ContextsThe Etruscans 158Pioneers of Aegean Archaeology 85The “Mask of Agamemnon” 90bce 56The Middle Kingdom, c. 1975–c. 16406Etruscan andRoman Art 156Aegean Metalwork 90Art ofAncient Egypt 48 Recovering the pastiv contentsThe Riace Warriors 127The Lion Gate 95Cuneiform Writing 30Color in Greek Sculpture 113Black-Figure and Red-Figure 118“The Canon” of Polykleitos 134 Recovering the pastBoxes A Broader LookchapterBoxes Art and Its ContextsEnemies Crossing the Euphrates to Escape Assyrian Archers 42chapterThe Neolithic Period 12 A Closer LookThe Greek Orders 110chapterThe Stone Age 2The Paleolithic Period 2The Death of Sarpedon 119 Elements of Architecture TechniqueThe Mycenaean (Helladic) Culture 92Art as Spoils of War—Protection or Theft? 34The Code of Hammurabi 39 A Closer LookThe Sanctuary at Delphi 107Temples 108Free-standing Sculpture 114Painted Pots 117The High Imperial Art of Trajan andHadrian 190bce 105Marble Sculpture 120Bronze Sculpture 120Ceramic Painting 126The High Classical Period, c. 450–400The Akropolis 128The Parthenon 129The Propylaia and the Erechtheion 135The Temple of Athena Nike 137The Athenian Agora 137City Plans 138Stele 127Greek and Roman Deities 104Classic and Classical 120Boxes Art and Its Contexts A Broader Lookbce 141The Ara Pacis Augustae 174 A Closer LookSarcophagus with the Indian Triumph of Dionysus 202 Elements of Architecturebce 147The Corinthian Order in Hellenistic Architecture 147Sculpture 149Boxes Art and Its ContextsThe Severan Dynasty 203The Soldier Emperors 205Constantine the Great 207Roman Art after Constantine 211Roman Writers on Art 167Roman Portraiture 168Augustus Mau’s Four Styles of Pompeian Painting 182A Painter at Work 183The Late Classical Period, c. 400–323The Hellenistic Period, 323–31/30Imperial Architecture 190Imperial Portraits 200The Late Empire, Third and FourthCenturies ce 202The Early Classical Period, c. 480–450Sculpture 142The Art of the Goldsmith 145Painting and Mosaics 145bce–96 ce 171Art in the Age of Augustus 172The Julio-Claudians 172Roman Cities and the Roman Home 176Wall Painting 179The Flavians 184Roman Architectural Orders 161The Roman Arch 170Roman Vaulting 187Concrete 194 TechniqueRoman Mosaics 199 Recovering the pastThe Capitoline She-Wolf 165The Mildenhall Treasure 212contents v
Imperial Christian Architecture andArt 223Rome 223Ravenna and Thessaloniki 227Boxes Art and Its ContextsThe Life of Jesus 230 A Broader LookThe Oratory of Galla Placidia in Ravenna 228 A Closer LookThe Mosaic Floor of the Beth Alpha Synagogue 219 Elements of ArchitectureLongitudinal-Plan and Central-Plan Churches 225 Recovering the pastDura-Europos 221Stupas and Temples 302Islam and Early Islamic Society 266The Early Period: Ninth throughTwelfth 275Lusterware 276The Later Period: Thirteenth throughFifteenth Centuries 277Architecture 277Luxury Arts 283The Arts of the Book 284Art and Architecture of Later Empires 286The Ottoman Empire 286The Safavid Dynasty 289The Modern Era 291Boxes Art and Its ContextsThe Five Pillars of Islam 271 A Broader LookThe Great Mosque of Cordoba 272 A Closer LookA Mamluk Glass Oil Lamp 279chapter8 Elements of ArchitectureArches 274Byzantine Art 232The Great Departure 304 Elements of Architecture TechniqueOrnament 268Carpet Making 29211chapterEarly Jewish Art 216Early Christian Art 2209Islamic Art 264chapterJews, Christians, and Muslims 216Judaism and Christianity in the Late RomanWorld 216chapterchapter7Jewish andEarly Christian Art 214 A Closer Look12Japanese Artbefore 1333 360Prehistoric Japan 362Chinese and Korean Artbefore 1279 330Jomon Period 362Yayoi Period 362Kofun Period 362Asuka Period 364Horyuji 365The Middle Kingdom 332Neolithic Cultures 332Painted Pottery Cultures 332Liangzhu Culture 332Bronze Age China 334Shang Dynasty 334Zhou Dynasty 335The Chinese Empire: Qin Dynasty 336Han Dynasty 338Philosophy and Art 338Architecture 341Six ��343Buddhist Art and Architecture 344Sui and Tang Dynasties 345Buddhist Art and Architecture 345Figure Painting 347Song Dynasty 348Northern Song Painting 351Southern Song Painting and Ceramics 354Nara Period 367Heian Period 369Esoteric Buddhist Art 369Pure Land Buddhist Art 371Secular Painting and Calligraphy 373Kamakura Period 376Pure Land Buddhist Art 377Zen Buddhist Art 381Boxes Art and Its ContextsWriting, Language, and Culture 365Buddhist Symbols 368Arms and Armor 377 A Broader LookDaruma, Founder of Zen 380 A Closer LookThe Tale of Genji 374 TechniqueJoined-Block Wood Sculpture 372 Recovering the pastThe Great Buddha Hall 370The Arts of Korea 35610Art of South and SoutheastAsia before 1200 294Middle Byzantine Art 248Architecture and Wall Painting in Mosaic and Fresco 248Precious Objects of Commemoration, Veneration, andDevotion 255Late Byzantine Art 258Constantinople: The Chora Church 258Icons 262Boxes Art and Its ContextsNaming Christian Churches: Designation Dedication Location 239Scroll and Codex 245Iconoclasm 247 A Broader LookThe Funerary Chapel of Theodore Metochites 260 A Closer LookIcon of St. Michael the Archangel 257 Elements of ArchitecturePendentives and Squinches 238Geography 296Art of South Asia 296The Indus Civilization 296The Vedic Period 299The Maurya Period 299The Period of the Shunga and Early Satavahana 301The Kushan Period 306The Gupta Period and its Successors 308Other Developments, Fourth–Sixth Century 312The Pallava Period 315The Seventh Through Twelfth Centuries 317The Chola Period 320Art of Southeast Asia 321Early Southeast Asia 321Sixth to the Ninth Century 323Tenth Through Twelfth Centuries 327Boxes Art and Its � 309 A Broader LookShiva Nataraja of the Chola Dynasty 322The Three Kingdoms Period 356The Unified Silla Period 357Goryeo Dynasty 358Boxes Art and Its ContextsChinese Characters 337Daoism 338Confucius and Confucianism 342 A Broader LookThe Silk Road during the Tang Period 349 A Closer LookA Reception in the Palace 340 Elements of ArchitecturePagodas 351 TechniquePiece-Mold Casting 335chapterThe Golden Age of Justinian 235Objects of Veneration and Devotion 244Icons and Iconoclasm 246chapterByzantium 234Early Byzantine Art 23513Art of the Americasbefore 1300 382The New World 384Mesoamerica 384The Olmec 384Teotihuacan 387The Maya 390Central America 396South America: The Central Andes 397Chavin de Huantar 398The Paracas and Nazca Cultures 399The Moche Culture 399North America 401The East 401The North American Southwest 404Boxes Art and Its ContextsMaya Writing 390The Cosmic Ballgame 395 A Broader LookRock Art 406 A Closer LookShield Jaguar and Lady Xok 394 TechniqueAndean vii
Early African Art 408Defining the Middle Ages 431The Medieval Scriptorium 438 A Broader Lookchapterchapter14Boxes Art and Its Contexts17Gothic Art of theTwelfth andThirteenth Centuries 494The Lindisfarne Gospels 436The Lure of Ancient Africa 410Africa—The Cradle of Art andCivilization 410African Rock Art 410 A Closer LookPsalm 23 in the Utrecht Psalter 450 Recovering the pastSutton Hoo 43416Romanesque Art 458Other Urban Centers 419Jenné 422Great Zimbabwe 423Aksum and Lalibela 424Kongo Kingdom 425Exporting to the West 427Boxes Art and Its ContextsThe Myth of “Primitive” Art 412Southern African Rock Art 414 A Broader LookA Warrior Chief Pledging Loyalty 420 A Closer LookRoped Pot on a Stand 416 TechniqueLost-Wax Casting 418chapter15Early Medieval Artin Europe 428The Merovingians 431The Norse 433The Celts and Anglo-Saxons in Britain 433Illustrated Books 435Mozarabic Art in Spain 439Beatus Manuscripts 439The Viking Era 441The Oseberg Ship 441Picture Stones at Jelling 442Timber Architecture 442The Carolingian Empire 444Carolingian Architecture 444Illustrated Books 448Carolingian Metalwork 450Ottonian Europe 452Ottonian Architecture 452Ottonian Sculpture 454Illustrated Books 456viii contentsThe Rise of Urban and Intellectual Life 496The Age of Cathedrals 497Gothic Art in France 497Political, Economic, and Social Life 460The Church 460Romanesque Art 461Architecture 462“First Romanesque” 463Pilgrimage Churches 463Cluny 465The Cistercians 468Regional Styles in Romanesque Architecture 469Secular Architecture: Dover Castle, England 477Architectural Sculpture 478Wiligelmo at the Cathedral of Modena 478The Priory Church of Saint-Pierre at Moissac 479The Church of Saint-Lazare at Autun 482Sculpture in Wood and Bronze 485Christ on the Cross (Majestat Batlló) 485Mary as the Throne of Wisdom 485Tomb of Rudolf of Swabia 486Reiner of Huy 487Gothic Art in England 515Manuscript Illumination 515Architecture 518Gothic Art in Germany and the HolyRoman Empire 520Gothic Art in Italy 525Sculpture: The Pisano Family 525Painting 527Boxes Art and Its ContextsAbbot Suger on the Value of Art in Monasteries 497Master Masons 504Villard de Honnecourt 511 A Broader LookThe Sainte-Chapelle in Paris 512 A Closer LookPsalm 1 in the Windmill Psalter 516 Elements of ArchitectureRib Vaulting 499The Gothic Church 503 TechniqueStained-Glass Windows 501Chronicling History 487Sacred Books 490The Pilgrim’s Journey to Santiago 464Relics and Reliquaries 467St. Bernard and Theophilus:The Monastic Controversy over the Visual Arts 470The Paintings of San Climent in Taull:Mozarabic Meets Byzantine 473Hildegard of Bingen 492 A Broader LookThe Bayeux Embroidery 488 A Closer LookThe Last Judgment Tympanum at Autun 483 Elements of ArchitectureThe Romanesque Church Portal 478The Hours of Jeanne d’Évreux 551 TechniqueBuon Fresco 539Cennino Cennini on Panel Painting 54619Fifteenth-Century Artin Northern Europe 562Architecture 521Sculpture 523Textiles and Books 487Boxes Art and Its Contexts A Closer LookThe Northern Renaissance 564Art for the French Ducal Courts 564Painting and Sculpture for the Chartreuse de Champmol 564Manuscript Illumination 568Textiles 570Painting in Flanders 573The Founders of the Flemish School 573Painting at Mid Century: The Second Generation 582Europe Beyond Flanders 585France 586Germany and Switzerland 588The Graphic Arts 591Single Sheets 591Printed Books 592Boxes Art and Its ContextsAltars and Altarpieces 566Women Artists in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance 568 A Broader Look18The Ghent Altarpiece 578Fourteenth-Century Artin Europe 530 A Closer LookA Goldsmith in his Shop 583 TechniqueOil Painting 573Woodcuts and Engravings on Metal 592Fourteenth-Century Europe 532Italy 533Florentine Architecture and Metalwork 533Florentine Painting 536Sienese Painting 542France 548Manuscript Illumination 549Metalwork and Ivory 554England 554Embroidery: Opus Anglicanum 554Architecture 556The Holy Roman Empire 557Mysticism and Suffering 557The Supremacy of Prague 559chapterThe Early Christian Art of the BritishIsles 435The Emergence of the Gothic Style 496chapterThe Early Middle Ages 430The Art of the “Barbarians” in Europe 431Europe in the Romanesque Period 460 A Broader e 415Benin 416A New Spirit in Fourteenth-Century Literature 533The Black Death 550An Ivory Chest with Scenes of Romance 552The Birth of Gothic at the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis 498Gothic Cathedrals 499Art in the Age of St. Louis 514Saharan Rock Art 411Sub-Saharan Civilizations 412Boxes Art and Its Contexts20Renaissance Art inFifteenth-Century Italy 594Humanism and the Italian g in Florence after Masaccio 613Italian Art in the Second Half of theFifteenth �� ix
Boxes Art and Its ContextsThe Competition Reliefs 603The Morelli–Nerli Wedding Chests 616 A Broader LookThe Foundling Hospital 600 A Closer LookPrimavera 628Boxes Art and Its ContextsThe Castle of the Ladies 692Sculpture for the Knights of Christ at Tomar 695Armor for Royal Games 709 A Broader LookBruegel’s Cycle of the Months 704 A Closer LookThe French Ambassadors 706 TechniqueRenaissance Perspective 610 TechniqueBoxes Art and Its ContextsFoundations of Indian Culture 774Southeast Asian Ceramics 785 A Broader LookPainting of Jahangir and Shah Abbas 778 A Closer LookThe Sukhothai Buddha 787 TechniqueIndian Painting on Paper 782Three Great Artists of the Early Sixteenth Century 635Architecture in Rome and the Vatican 652Architecture, Painting, and Sculpture in Northern Italy 652Venice and the Veneto 65623Seventeenth-Century Artin Europe e and Sculpture in Rome 714Painting 720Art and the Counter-Reformation 668Flanders and the Netherlands 736Later Sixteenth-Century Art in Veniceand the Veneto 672France 757Oil Painting 672Architecture: Palladio 673Boxes Art and Its ContextsThe Vitruvian Man 639St. Peter’s Basilica 653Women Patrons of the Arts 660Veronese is Called before the Inquisition 673 A Broader LookRaphael’s Cartoons for Tapestries in the Sistine Chapel 648 A Closer LookThe School of Athens 642Painting in Spain’s Golden Age 730Architecture in Spain 735Flanders 736The Dutch Republic 742Architecture and its Decoration at Versailles � 766Boxes Art and Its ContextsScience and the Changing Worldview 756Grading the Old Masters 763 A Broader LookCaravaggio in the Contarelli Chapel 724 A Closer LookPrometheus Bound 740 Elements of Architecturechapter22Garden Design 761Sixteenth-Century Art inNorthern Europe and theIberian Peninsula 678A French Renaissance under Francis I 691Architecture 695Painting 69624Art of South and SoutheastAsia after 1200 770South Asia after 1200 772Changes in Religion and Art 772Mughal Period 776British Colonial Period and the Independence Movement 782Southeast Asia after 1200 785England 707The Modern Period 789Artists in the Tudor Court 707Architecture 710x contents A Broader LookLacquer Box for Writing Implements 824 A Closer LookCourt and Professional Painting 797Decorative Arts 799Architecture and City Planning 800The Literati Aesthetic 802Qing Dynasty 806Orthodox Painting 806Individualist Painting 807The Modern Period 807Arts of Korea: The Joseon Dynasty to theModern Era 808Joseon Ceramics 809Joseon Painting 809Modern Korea 811Boxes Art and Its ContextsFoundations of Chinese Culture 795Marco Polo 796 A Broader LookPoet on a Mountaintop 803 A Closer LookSpring Dawn in the Han Palace 801 TechniqueFormats of Chinese Painting 799The Secret of Porcelain 800Shoin Design 821 TechniqueInside a Writing Box 826Japanese Woodblock Prints 82827Art of the Americasafter 1300 836The Aztec �840Featherwork 841Manuscripts 842The Inca Empire 843Cuzco 843Machu The Aftermath of the Spanish Conquest 846North America 846TheTheTheTheEastern Woodlands 847Great Plains 850Northwest Coast 851Southwest 853A New Beginning 85726Japanese Artafter 1333 814Boxes Art and Its ContextsCraft or Art? 857 A Broader LookHamatsa Masks 854 A Closer LookCalendar Stone 841The Netherlands 698Art for Aristocratic and Noble Patrons 698Antwerp 702Foundations of Japanese Culture 819Craftsmakers as Living National Treasures 834Kosode Robe 831Etchings and Drypoint 748France 691Spain and Portugal 69425Chinese and Korean Artafter 1279 792The Mongol Invasions 794Yuan Dynasty 794Ming �� 683 TechniquechapterThe Reformation and the Arts 680Germany 681Meiji-period Nationalist Painting 833Japan After World War II 833chapterSpain 730Art and Architecture in Rome and the Vatican 668The Modern Period 832 Elements of lpture 667chapterEurope in the Sixteenth Century 634Italy in the Early Sixteenth Century:The High Renaissance 634chapterchapter21Rinpa School Painting 823Naturalistic Painting 826Literati Painting 827Ukiyo-e: Pictures of the Floating World 828Zen Painting: Buddhist Art for Rural Commoners 830Cloth and Ceramics 830Boxes Art and Its ContextsGerman Metalwork: A Collaborative Venture 682Sixteenth-Century Artin Italy 632Edo Period 823Buddhist Art and Kingship 785Islamic Art in Southeast Asia 789Muromachi Period 816Zen Ink Painting 816The Zen Dry Garden 818Momoyama Period 819 Elements of ArchitectureInca Masonry 843 orative Paintings for Shoin Rooms 820The Tea Ceremony 822Modern South Asia 789Modern Southeast Asia 791contents xi
Grand Tour Portraits and Views 913Neoclassicism in Rome 915Neoclassicism and Early Romanticismin Britain 917The Peopling of the 64New Guinea 865New Ireland 867New 870Recent Art in Oceania 876Pacific Arts Festival 876Central Desert Painting 876Shigeyuki Kihara 878Boxes A Broader LookTe-Hau-ki-Turanga 872 A Closer LookMan’s Love Story 878Later Eighteenth-Century Art inFrance 932Architecture 932Painting and Sculpture 934Art in Spain and Spanish America 940Early Nineteenth-Century Art:Neoclassicism and Romanticism 945Developments in France 946Romantic Landscape Painting 954Gothic and Neoclassical Styles in EarlyNineteenth-Century Architecture 958Boxes Art and Its ContextsAcademies and Academy Exhibitions 926 A Broader LookThe Raft of the “Medusa” 948 A Closer LookGeorgian Silver 921chapterIron as a Building Material 928Art of Africain the Modern Era 880 TechniqueLithography 954Modern Artists and World Cultures: Japonisme 996 A Closer LookMahana no atua (Day of the God) 1000 Elements of ArchitectureThe City Park 1010 TechniqueThe Photographic Process 971Contemporary Art 900Boxes Art and Its ContextsFoundations of African Cultures 885Divination among the Chokwe 893 A Broader LookKuba Funerary Mask 896 A Closer LookKongo Nkisi Nkonde 894chapter30Eighteenth- and EarlyNineteenth-Century Artin Europe and NorthAmerica 904Industrial, Intellectual, and PoliticalRevolutions 906Rococo 907Rococo Salons 907Rococo Painting and Sculpture 908Rococo Church Decoration 912xii contentschapterDomestic Architecture 884Children and the Continuity of Life 885Initiation 886The Spirit World 890Leadership 892Death and Ancestors 89831Mid to Late NineteenthCentury Art in Europe andthe United States 962Europe and the United States in the Mid toLate Nineteenth Century 964French Academic Architecture andArt 964Academic Architecture 965Academic Painting and Sculpture 966Early Photography in Europe and theUnited States 968Realism and the Avant-Garde 972Realism and Revolution 972Manet: “The Painter of Modern Life” 976Responses to Realism beyond France 980Impressionism 987Landscape and Leisure 987Modern Life 991The Late Nineteenth sm 999French Sculpture 1003Art Nouveau 1004The Beginnings of Modernism 1007European Architecture: Technology and Structure 1007The Chicago School 1009Cézanne 1012The World Since the 1950s 1084The Art World Since the 1950s 1084The Expanding Art World 1084Assemblage 1084Happenings and Performance Art 1087Photography 1089Pop Art 1091The Dematerialization of the ArtObject 109532Modern Art in Europeand the Americas, 1900–1950 1016Europe and America in the EarlyTwentieth Century 1018Early Modern Art in Europe 1019The Fauves: Wild Beasts of Color 1019Picasso, “Primitivism,” and the Coming of Cubism 1021The Bridge and Primitivism 1026Independent Expressionists 1028Spiritualism of the Blue Rider 1029Extensions of Cubism 1031Toward Abstraction in Traditional Sculpture 1036Dada: Questioning Art Itself 1037Modernist Tendencies in America 1040Stieglitz and the “291” Gallery 1040The Armory Show and Home-Grown Modernism 1041Early Modern Architecture 1044Traditional and Contemporary Africa 88233The International Scenesince 1950 1082 A Broader LookPortraiture and Protest in Spain: Goya 940The Art of the Americas under Spain 943 Elements of Architecture29Orientalism 968The Mass Dissemination of Art 978Art on Trial in 1877 985chapterMarquesas Islands 871Hawaii 874Monumental Moai on Rapa Nui 874Samoa 875The Classical Revival in Architecture and Design 918The Gothic Revival in Architecture and Design 921Trends in British Painting 922Boxes Art and Its Contextschapterchapter28Art of Pacific Cultures 860Italy: The Grand Tour andNeoclassicism 913European Modernism 1044American Modernism 1046Art Between the Wars in Europe 1050Utilitarian Art Forms in Russia 1050De Stijl in the Netherlands 1052The Bauhaus in Germany 1054Surrealism and the Mind 1057Unit One in England 1060Modern Art in the Americas Between theWars 1060The Harlem Renaissance 1060Rural razil 1070Cuba 1071Postwar Art in Europe and l and Performance Art 1096Process Art 1099Feminism and Art 1101Earthworks and Site-Specific Sculpture 1102Architecture: Mid-century Modernism toPostmodernism 1104Mid-century Modernist Architecture 1104Postmodern ing 1107Postmodernism and Gender 1109Postmodernism and Race or Ethnicity 1111Sculpture 1114Art, Activism, and Controversy:The Nineties 1116The Culture Wars 1116Activist Art 1120Postcolonial Discourse 1124High Tech and Deconstructivist Architecture 1125Video and Film 1128Globalism: Into the New Millennium 1129Art and Technology 1130Art and Identities 1132Boxes Art and Its
Art of Ancient Greeceappear on the appropriate page within text or on the credit pages in the back of this book. 100 6 Etruscan and Roman art 156 7 Jewish and Early Christian Art . Free-standing Sculpture 114 Painted Pots 117 The early classical . Art And its Contexts Art as Spoils of War
