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R V Rm] LQ U] AßSÙVL V aTÙWR TÙdV ÆRÙRÙTgNÙT k’ œ WÙR UWÙhPÙßWÙÆP EjLX TeLÙÆkßV UÙNX Vÿ]Ù LeLÙEfNX Xß RWeLÙRY —T SÙ U Ù LRY —T B UÙ LLÙ L RY V LÙRÙ] LQ UeL[ RÙVL V aTÙWR TÙdV ÆRÙRÙV a! V a! V a!V V V V a! ULÙLÆ CW kßWSÙj RÙ·oEflß UÙZıCkßVÙ G]’ SÙ”. CkßVo A ]Y m G]’ EPu \k RÙo.G]’ SÙh P SÙu E ‡m UXÙL Ußd \u. ARu Y[mYÙnkR TpY Ll TWmT Wl LØp SÙu T U LÙs \u.ARtœjRL SÙu Guflm SPk’ LÙs Yu.Gu Tt \Ùo, B Vo, Íj RÙo CYoL [ SÙu Suœ Ußl Tu.GpXÙ P‡m SÙu Ti Pu TZœ Yu. G]’ SÙh Pÿm SÙh”UdL Pÿm TdߟPu C l Tu G] Eflß ·fl \u. AYoL uSXjß m Y[jß mRÙu G]’ CuTÿm APe d \’.Prepared by :State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 012, KeralaWebsite: www.scertkerala.gov.ine-mail: scertkerala@asianetindia.comPhone : 0471 - 2341883, Fax: 0471 - 2341869First Edition: 2015 Government of Kerala Department of Education

Ck-Ë- pEe-L-fidœ Æ l-T-UÙ]L RLs Es-[];TÙPp-Ls Es-[];R j-’mEe-Ls Si-To-L- [Ù-”m Nok-’m NVp-TPHWÙ-[m NVp-TÙ-”-Ls Es-[-].Y Wk-’m YÙ j-’m G›-ß-Ÿm Y[WYÙNt-L-R‹C RÙ.Ee-L-fid-LÙ-Lj ß\d-Ll-Th-”s-[-’. Ru R”m Th-PÙm-Èf- -VÙnlT\k’ T\k’ A -‹j- Ru G”dLCk-Ëp Ee-L-fid-LÙLY -Y- Ud-Ll-Th-”s-[-’.Re-Ls Lt-\p \dL YÙrj-’-Ls.ÿ ]-Yo. Gv. CW- k-R-Wu SÙVo,CVd-œ-So,UÙ -Xd Lp-Æ-VÙ-WÙnf Ut-flm T t fl-Y-]m,ß -Y]- kR Wm.

Textbook Development CommitteeTamil (Part - 2)MembersAnesha Banu. A. K,LPSA, GSLPS, Fort,Thiruvananthapuram.Krishnamoorthy.M,Robert Xavier.M,PD Tr., GLPS, Kunnamkattupathy, Headmaster, ALPS, Attempathy,Palakkad.Palakkad.Babu.S,PD Tr., GLPS,Devikulam, Idukki.Muniyandi.K,LPSA, GHS, Meenachipuram,Palakkad.Selvi.V,LPSA, GFLPS, Managud,Thiruvananthapuram.Beula Elezabeth.A,UPSA, GUPS,Malakkappara,Trichur.Prakasam.P,LPSA, ALPS, Kallaar Munnar,Idukki.Thankaraju.T,LPSA, G.H.S., Meenachipuram,Palakkad.Dominic Savio.J,HSA, SFXHS, Parisakkal,Palakkad.Rajendren. G,UPSA, GHSS, Kozhippara,Palakkad.ExpertsDr. Ratnasabapathy.P,Prof.(Rtd.), Chennai.Dr. Sethupandian.T,Prof., (Rtd.), M.K. University, Madurai.Dr. Veerappan.P,Prof., (Rtd.), NCERT, Mysore.Dr. Gomathynayagam.E,Guest. Lr, University of Madras, Chennai.Nandhakumar.C,Chittur, Palakkad.ArtistsRakesh P Nair,Neyyar Dam, Thiruvananthapuram.Academic Co-ordinatorDr.Sahaya Dhas.D, Research Officer, SCERT.State Council of Educational Research and Training(SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 012.

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Y W-Ÿe-Ls s- L- [ C Qj’l TPm Y W-Ÿe-Ls; TÙ- j-R-UÙ] Yi-Qm æh-”e-Ls.G›-’e-LsL R V Y - Nl-T-”jß G›-’e-LsA’ Bt-\e-L- W- - s[ UWj-ßp AUok-R-’. \Ù Gflm- Td LÙl-TÙt\ ]j-R’.1 \Ù T\k’ Yk-R-’.Bt p Rj-R- d-œm Gflm- Tl TÙoj-R-’. \Ù-Ætœ Su NÙu-]-’.Gflm C X- p H j Rl- -V-’.UWj-ß- - k’ C X- Vd s Bt- p TÙh-P-’.108

YØ VÙufl NÙp eLsYhP h”l T\kR SÙu \- LÙ- k’ ’ d \u!Y Vl TÙdL øŸ UYØŸm Jufl NÙpYÙVÙ?Y RÙ ” Nu ”YÙn!Y - Vl TÙd U rkß-”-YÙn!Y Ÿm U \k’ TÙ]’ UYÙ p øŸm T\k-ß-”-YÙn!109

\Ù Y -VÙp ’ j-R’. SPdL ÿ -V-Æp- X.T -Ÿm RÙeL ÿ -V-Æp X. A’ YØ- p J ¡ ]f Nk-ßjR-’. u-]g fl \Ù Y \- LÙ- kR \Ù YY- RÙ ” Nu- ”YÙnTÙ l T\kR T\ Y SÙuT VÙp SÙ‡m RÆd- u- \u.G]’ T - Vl TÙd- P YG]d- LÙ YØ NÙp-YÙVÙ?110Y fl \V NÙl- ”YÙn!

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NÙp- e-Ls Yfl Gk- RkRl WÙ-¶-L- -Pm \Ù YØ Lh- - d-œm?AYo-L- -Pm GlT- d Lh- - d-œm?A Y ARtœ Gl-T- l Tßp · - - d-œm? WÙ¶-Ls Gp-XÙm \Ù Y Y -RÙ-Æu h- t-œ Hu TÙLd · ]?Ee-L- -Pm Lh- - k-RÙp øe-Ls Gu] NÙp- o-Ls?G›-’e-Ls \Ù T—- Yl TÙoj-R-’.AR- -Pm Gl-T YØ Lh- - d-œm?T— Gu] Tßp NÙp- - - d-œm?112

VÙo VÙo?""Y -RÙ-Æu Lr Ge-œm TW-Æ-V-’. AY- [d LÙQf Xo T\k’Yk-R-]o. Yfl Xo Fok’ Yk-R-]o. Ut-flm Xo økß Yk-R-]o.Ut-flm Xo SPk’ Yk-R-]o. Y -RÙ-Æu h Pl TÙoj-’l TÙoj’U rk-R-]o.''VÙo VÙo Yk-ß- l-TÙo-Ls ?T\k’ Yk-R-Yo-Lsøkß Yk-R-Yo-LsFok’ Yk-R-Yo-LsSPk’ Yk-R-Yo-Lsß e-L-XmVÙ ]LÙLmTÙm øe-Ls G›-ß-V-Yt-fls.Jq- YÙ œ›-Æ- m Gj-R ] To?GkRd œ›-Æp Yk-R-Yo-Ls Aß-Lm?Aß-Lm Yk-R-Yo-Ls Gj-R ] To?113

Èojß Nn-Ÿe-Ls rdLÙ‘m WÙ-¶L- fi- d- - P- V- Gu- ]u] Æj-ßV- Ù-Ne-Ls Es-[]?VÙ ]B UÿR XLÙh- p YÙr- -\’. Lh- -VÙ] K” Ei”.TÙ U ZTh-”l TÙX Nh- Pl TÙhPYÙ p T\d-œm È Yl TÙXTh-PÙm Èf- V! øøŸm C d- -\Ùn LÙ‘m h-”l TÙX T\l-T - Re LÈÆ- s[ R ]- Vp-XÙmTh-PÙm Èf- V?Hu G”d- -\Ùn?YÙ] Æp- u H› \mÆ X LÙ”j’ È‹m YÙeLEk-Ru \- X Eu ]dYØ-Ÿm Cp- X V GuLÙQ YkR Gu- ]d Li”R X- p LÙg-Nm È Yl- TÙX114T\k’ Np-Y- Ru?C k’ Np-YÙ VÙ?

Gu Np-Xl- -WÙ¶Gu Np-Xl- -WÙ¶ G’ Roı-ŸUÙ?A’ Gl-T- - - d-œm R -ŸUÙ?Hu d-œm R -ŸUÙ?LÙW-Qm: 1LÙW-Qm: 2J — Y-VÙ] Lrf- - Vf NÙp-Xh-”UÙ?115

Y RÙÆu ”Y RÙ h”dœ YÙ eLs - AeœYÙ›m SiT Wl TÙ eLs.·”-Ls Ju-flm Cp X A Y· YÙ›’ Ce L!TZj Rd LÙ dœm A¶ m Yk’AZLÙnd L p C dœm.YÙ p T\dœm \Ùd-Ls A Y RÙ p AUok R dœm!116

TÙ Xd LÙ”dœm T—‹m - AYs LÙ”d-œm œW dœf NÆ-NÙnd-œm.’s- d œßd-œm Lu \Ù AYs·Pf Nok R SPd-œm!ÿh P TÙ”m LÙØ - AYs LÙ”d-œm ø Wd œ d-œm.R X- Vj R X- Vj Ád AYsÿLj Rl TÙoj R d-œm!Bh”dœh AYs NpXm R XBh Bh l u Np m. U U G]d Ljßd Ljß AYs LsÆdœl Tß Xf NÙp m!117

TÙ”e-LsTÙP- d- Lt\ Uh-P - Uj’l TÙ”e-Ls.Gj-R ] Uh-”d-L- p TÙP ÿ -Ÿm?TÙP- - s[ Gj-R ] Y -L [ Ee-L-[Ùp TÙWÙ-Up TÙP ÿ -Ÿm? NÙp e-LsCl-TÙ-P X VÙo TÙ - - l-TÙo-Ls?TÙP- p Gj-R ] WÙ-¶-Ls Es-[]?C Y-Vp-XÙ-Up Y -RÙ-Æu h- p Yfl Gu- ]u] WÙ-¶L- sC dœm?Li”- - Ÿ- e-Ls TÙ j-RU- Ù] J j ’ Qd œ - ”- L- s Noj’d rd-LÙ-‘m NÙtL- p Es[ WÙ-¶-L [ ÿR- p Li-”- - l-T’ VÙo?AQXLZT\BP-P-L-L-PPTNSVGj-R ] YÙd- V- e-Ls? LÙ”d-œm ø Wd œ d-œmÿLj- Rl TÙoj R d-œm.C’ TÙp Gj-R ] YÙd- -Ve-L [ Ik’ -Pj-ßt-œs Ee-L-[ÙpG›R ÿ -Ÿm?118

Li-” - - Ÿ- e-LsC d-œm d-œmC’ TÙp dœm Gufl ÿ -Ÿm Gj-R ] C Qf NÙt-Ls TÙP- pCPm Tt-fls-[]?C’ TÙp Yfl G-›j-’-L- p ÿ -Ÿm Gj-R ] C Qf NÙt-LsTÙP- p Es-[]?TÙ -U- Z RÙh-Pj-ßp UŸ’ Ys- [l T— Ae L’s- d œßd-œ’ Lu-fld-œh AmUÙ Gu-œ’ Ys- [l T—EPu Ai- P- p K”’ Lu-fld-œh SÙYÙp Sd-œ’ Ys- [l T—TÙ X Su-\Ùnd œ d-œ’ Lu-fld-œh ÿj-Rm LÙ”d-œ’ Ys- [l T—U -ÿh- d œ d-œ’ Lu-fld- œh 119

Ge L Gu NpXdœh ?"" LÙdLWd LÙ. LÙ.'' NYp ·ÆV’. rYÙ]m YkR’. Y RÙ LiÆØjRÙs. NpXl WÙ¶Lfidœ EQY dL Y VYkRÙs.""TÙ. TÙ. TÙ.'' Gufl A ZjRÙs. LÙØdœg—LsK YkR]. Y RÙ Rh k’ RÙ VeL [YÙ ]Ùs. AYt u ÿu C \jRÙs. A YEQ Yd LÙjßd LÙjßj ßu\]. . . G] Su · ].T—, SÙn, È ]. G] h s[ A ]jßtœmEQÆhPÙs.B]Ùp J Y W Uh”m LÙ QÙm."" U. U. Hn NpXdœh . AZœ Bh”dœh .E]dœ C XLs Yjß d \u. K Yk’ NÙl ”''Y RÙ EWdLf NÙu]Ùs. B]Ùp Bh”dœh YWÆp X."Bh”dœh Ge L TÙ]’?' Y RÙ LÙh dœl TÙ]Ùs. Bh”l Th LÙ VÙL C kR’.È ]Ÿm R V’. SÙŸm R V’. —tflm ÿtflmTÙojR]. Aeœm Ceœm R ]. Geœm Cp X.Y jRj RÙ” Y RÙ Yf „rk’ u\]. Y RÙÆuU]ßp LY X TPokR’. LiL p LiΩo Gh lTÙojR’.""Gu Bh”dœh Ge L? LÙh”dœl TÙ dœ UÙ?I VÙ . KSÙ VÙ, VÙ A j’d LÙu dœ UÙ?''Y RÙ YÙnÆh” A›RÙs.120120

""AZÙ R. AlT G’‹m SPkß dLÙ’. SÙu J SÙ pLi” j’ Y \u.'' AYs RÙ p AUokß kR \Ù · V’." q' Gufl T\kR’. A’ Ik R Pjßp ß m YkR’."" NpXdœh dœ BTj’! Gu ]j RÙPok’ YÙ eLs.'' \Ù ÿu]Ùp T\kR’. A ]Y m KhPÿm S PŸUÙLA Rl u RÙPokR]o.""Ge L TÙ »oLs? H R‡m BTjRÙ?'' L XUÙu LhP’." Bm, GeLs SiTu Bh”dœh dœ BTj’'' SÙn NÙu]’.""AlT VÙ, SÙ‡m Y \u'' UÙ‡m Nok’ LÙi-P’.""A RÙ. NpXdœh !'' \Ù —h d LÙh V’.Gp XÙ m Ae L TÙojRÙoLs.J ÿh R dœs Bh”dœh . d- - - k-R’!SiToL [l TÙojR’m "" U. U.'' Gufl A›R’.Y RÙ ÿh R W ÆXdL ÿVu\Ùs.""B.'' Y”d L]d L V C›jRÙs.""Y RÙ. Rs p. SÙu TÙoj’d LÙs \u''L XUÙu ÿu]Ùp YkR’.Ru LÙmTÙp ÿs [ ÆXd V’.SÙn YÙVÙp ÿs [d L Æ C›jR’. LÙgNm CPm PjR’.121

Bh”dœh ’s Y V YkR’."" an.'' Gp XÙ m U rf d œWp G›l ]o.Y RÙ K f Nu\Ùs.""Gu NpX U.!'' Gufl Lh V QjRÙs. St p ÿjR hPÙs.LiΩ Wj ’ PjRÙs. LÙVmThP CPeL [j RPÆd LÙ”jRÙs.Bh”dœh AY [Ù” S e u\’.""UÙ ]. L XUÙ ]. Eu ERÆ V U\dL UÙh Pu.''Y RÙ UÙ‡dœ Su NÙu]Ùs.Gp XÙ m h P SÙd SPdLj RÙPe ]ÙoLs.122

NÙp- e-LsEe-Ls h-”f Np-Xl WÙ¶ LÙQÙ-Up TÙ]-’iPÙ?A R Gl-T- d Li-”- - j-æo-Ls?Ge- Lp-XÙm R - o-Ls?A Rd Li-”- - dL VÙo VÙo ER-Æ-]Ùo-Ls?Li-”- - j-R- u Gu] Nn-æo-Ls?G›-’e-LsTÙPl-T-œ-ß- p Gu- ]u] WÙ-¶-Ls Yk-’s-[]?.Y Ll-T-”j-’e-Ls Z LÙ”d-Ll-Th-”s[ ÿ \- p AYt \ Y Ll-T”- j-’e-Ls.LÙh- p YÙr-T Y h- p Y[ol-T YLÙh- p YÙr-T Y Aß-LUÙ? h- p Y-[ol-T Y Aß-LUÙ?123

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SÙu E -YÙd- V NÙt-Ls rd-LÙ-‘m G›j-’L-fiP- u TÙ- j-RU- Ù] J j-’ - Qd œ - ”- L- s Noj’ Ee-L-[Ùp Gj-R ] NÙt-Ls E -YÙdL ÿ -Ÿm?UPPTP-Pÿh- P, UÙh- P, Uh- P,Íh- P, UÙh- P,- ¡h-”, Uh-”, - Uh PNP-PR-PPL-PPY-PP125