00 - Solomon On Sex - Digital Commentary - PDF - Christ 2R Culture

Transcription

Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 1

Monday, April 16, 2012In, Solomon on Sex, we study the Song of Solomon, a frequently ignored OldTestament book. It is a book of poetic snapshots that give us a window into therelationship between King Solomon and his first wife, the Shulammite. The firsthalf of the book teaches about their dating, courting and wedding. The secondhalf of the book chronicles the joys and struggles of marriage.The Song of Solomon is packed with practical guidance for all stages of love andromance.In addition to the teaching this book, my wife Cindy and I took questions on sex,love and romance from the church and community. We answered these in theworship service and on the www.solomononsex.com web site. We includedthese questions and answers in this book.I hope you are brought closer to Christ as you follow the studies of Faith Churchthrough this book.For this work, I owe a debt of gratitude to many. First, I want to thank MarkDriscoll who preached a similar series. It inspired the idea for this one.I would also like to thank Sheryl Fastenow, my secretary, for her tireless editorialwork. I have special thanks for Kiley Seligman. She is an additional editor whoreviewed the manuscripts. Her keen editorial skills are a blessing. Thank you forserving Christ with me.Finally, I would also like to thank the Faith Church family. Not every church ismature enough to study this book. Your desire to sacrifice traditional churchcomfort to bring Christ to our culture warms my heart. I love you guys!Because of God’s Mercy,KurtDr. Kurt Trucksess - Sr. PastorFaith Church - EFCA2805 Erie Ave.Spirit Lake, IA 51360712-336-3537 2Rculture.com Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 2

Table of ContentsSong of Solomon Sermons".6God, Sex and Culture ".7Song of Solomon 1:1-8 - Give Me a Kiss!".17Song of Solomon 1:8-17 - Kill ‘Em With Compliments".27Song of Solomon 1:16-2:7 - Rekindled with Romance".39Song of Solomon 2:8-15 - Dating and Relating".50Song of Solomon 3:1-5 - Avoiding Marital Disaster".60Song of Solomon 3:6-11 - Why have a Wedding?".71Song of Solomon 4:1 - 5:1 - Great Sex God’s Way".83Song of Solomon 5:2-8 - Sin in the Bedroom".95Song of Solomon 5:9-6:9 - Recovering from a Marital Wipeout".104Song of Solomon 6:11-7:10 - The One Thing I Can Change IsMe ".113Song of Solomon 7:11-8:4 - Marital Sabbath".122Questions and Answers".142At What Age Should a Parent Speak to Their Child About Sex?".143What about birth control?".144How Do You Recover From Being Betrayed Sexually andLearn to Forgive and Trust Your Spouse?".147Is It True That God Will Not Hear the Prayers of Someone InSexual Sin?".148 Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 3

Is It a Sin To Notice a Woman is Beautiful?".149What Can I Do To Stop Being Tempted Sexually?".150What about masturbation? I can’t find anything in the Bibleabout this?".152What Are Some Common Reasons Marital Sex Is NotEnjoyable?".155I Was Intimate With a Previous Woman. How Will That AffectMy Future Marriage?".156Why Do Young Men Have Such Strong Sexual Desires?".158I Am Living With My Fiancé. We Are Having Sex. How Do ITalk To Him About Waiting?".159If Wife a Constantly Says “No,” Is It Acceptable For aHusband to Stimulate Himself?".160Can Someone Be An Openly Gay Christian?".161Is it sinful to be sterilized?".163I am a wife who has had many children. I would like to getbreast augmentation and/or cosmetic surgery for mystomach. Is this okay?".164Should I Tell My Spouse if I Look at Internet Porn?".165I Am Single, Should I Use a Dating Web Site LikeEharmony.com or Christianmingle.com".166What Do You Do When Your Husband Works Long Hours AndYou Have Little Time For a Date or Money for a Babysitter?"168.How Often Should a Married Couple Be Intimate?".169Is It Wrong For a Couple To Have Sex Anally or Orally?".170What If a Job Comes Between A Couples Love Life?".172 Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 4

Why Did God Create Marriage?".174Is It Acceptable For a Wife To Wear Revealing Clothing AtHome?".176What Should I Do If My Spouse Is Not Taking Good Care ofHimself/Herself?".177How Do I Tell My Kids Premarital Sex Is Wrong When IIndulged In It Myself?".178Is Any Form of Sexual Contact Permissible? Can I Go By TheRule That As Long As Nobody Gets Hurt, It Is OK?".179Is Divorce Ever An Acceptable Option?".180Is It Sinful To Put Your Daughter On Birth Control?".184I Am a Widow Getting Remarried, What Pitfalls Should I AvoidNow That I Am Dating Again?".186My Husband Is Not Really Interested In Sex Anymore, But IAm. Now What?".187Isn’t It Smarter to Live Together Before We Marry So We KnowIf We Are Compatible?".188At What Age Should You Start Thinking/Seriously ConsideringGetting Married?".190Works Referenced".191 Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 5

Song of Solomon Sermons Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 6

God, Sex and CultureJanuary 8, 2011Good morning Faith family. If you are new, my name is Kurt. I am one ofthe pastors. Today we finally get to rock ‘n’ roll on our new series called Solomonon Sex. This will be fun. It will be very fun. I expect this series will take at leastthree months, but I haven’t decided how long it will go. We will see how thisunfolds.This morning, I want to give you some background on our culture and sex.I also want to give you an overview of the Bible and sex. Next week we will getto the Song of Solomon. At the end of the message, Cindy and I will answer afew of the questions you submitted through the solomononsex.com website.There is a lot to cover so let us dive in.How should I think about sex?There are three ways people have viewed sex both inside and outside thechurch.1. Sex is God - Sex is worshipped. You put your money into it. You put yourtime into it. You put your energy into it. Your identity comes from it, and yourwhole life is about sex.2. Sex is Gross - This is the ultra-fundamentalistic church youth group view ofsex. It is dirty, nasty, wrong. It is an overreaction to the world.3. Sex is a Gift - This is realizing sex is a gift God gives us to treasure, tocherish, to steward, to enjoy and within marriage, to share.Sex is god.Worship of sex is nothing new. In the Old Testament, the Jewish nationwas an island in a sea of cultures that treated sex like religion. For example, theCanaanites had gross stuff going on with their gods and goddesses.Archaeologists tell us most of them were pictured naked. Worship in theirtemples involved people getting together for illicit sex. That is how they didchurch. They had prostitutes in the temple to help you worship. The OldTestament world was not much different from our own and in some ways it wasfar worse than our own. Fast forward to the New Testament.The Greek culture was dominant in the first century and it heavilyinfluenced the Roman Empire. It was extremely perverted. For example, it wasacceptable for older men to be with young boys in inappropriate ways. It was justacceptable in that culture. Today, we call that pedophilia, and we lock people upwho do that.In addition, many of the temples in Greek and Roman society had sex aspart of their worship. For example, the city of Corinth had the temple ofAphrodite. It housed a thousand temple prostitutes that aided the worshipping Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 7

the crowd. This explains why in Paul’s letters to the Corinthians, he had to teachthem the basics of God honoring sexuality. They were just too messed up tofigure out what was right and wrong sexually. Paul had to tell them they couldnot have sex outside of marriage. They could not have sex with their father’swife. That is obvious to us but Corinth was so perverted that people lost track ofwhat was right.Fast forward to our day, and we discover not much has changed. Aprofessor at the University of Virginia sociology department compiled theseinteresting statistics. The average individual has their first sexual experience atage 16. One-third of all children are aborted. Of the children born, one-third areborn to unwed mothers. Pornography is a 60 billion a year business. Twelvebillion of that is spent by Americans. That is more money than is spent on probaseball, basketball and football combined. More money is spent by Americanson porn than the revenues of ABC, NBC and CBS combined. Americans spendmore money on porn each year than our country gives in foreign aide.A new porn film comes out every hour. Porn sites are 12 percent of allInternet sites. Porn is 24 percent of all search engine requests. 20 percent ofmen admit to viewing porn at work and 13 percent of women. Three thousanddollars is spent on porn in America every second. Twenty-eight thousandInternet users are viewing porn every second in America.Who is the No. 1 consumer of porn? Boys ages 12 to 17. Some of youare concerned we are talking about God’s view on love, sex and marriage in achurch service. You think it might is inappropriate for children. News flash!Statistically, your children already know much more about the opposite sex thanyou think. Just this past week I counseled a parent who caught their 10 year oldlooking at Internet porn.Ten percent of Americans admit to being addicted to porn. Of that 10percent, 28 percent are women. Porn addiction is not just a guys’ problem.Seventy percent of men ages 18 to 34 visit a porn site at least once a month.All this to say we live in a very defiled, grotesque, and confused culturewhere sex is a religion. It is what people live for and what controls them. It iswhere they put their money and their time. Paul said in his day some people hadtheir stomach as god because they loved to eat. Many still worship theirstomach, but many more have moved their worship a little farther south.Since sex is worshipped in our culture, many inside and outside of thechurch have overreacted against it. They say sex is gross.Sex is gross.When the New Testament was written, there was a group of philosopherscalled the Stoics. They had a negative influence on the early church fathers. Thestoics based their philosophy on Plato. Plato was a dualist. Dualism claims weare composed of two parts. A body and a spirit. The body is bad. The spirit isgood. The goal is to die, leave the body behind and live a spiritual life. This is Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 8

unbiblical. Unfortunately, the stoics had a powerful influence on many in theearly church. Many early Christians followed the stoic thinking of their day. Theythought their body was bad, pleasure was bad, sex was bad and intimacy wasbad. That is unbiblical, but many of our church fathers believed it.This was an overreaction to the sex-crazed culture of their day. Let megive you some examples. Tertullian and Ambrose, two church fathers, said,“They preferred the extinction of the human race to continued maritalintercourse.” Origen, said the Song of Solomon, the book we are about to study,was purely symbolic and he castrated himself. He read the part where Jesussays that if a part of your body, like your hand, causes you to stumble, cut it off.He took Jesus’ metaphor literally. Chrysostom, another early church father,taught “Adam and Eve didn’t have sexual relations until after the fall.” Jerome,when he was sexually tempted, would throw himself onto sticker bushes. Whenhe saw a cute girl, he jumped on thorns. Apparently, that solved the problem,though I would not recommend it. Gregory of Nyssa claimed Adam and Eve hadno sexual desire prior to the fall. He taught that Eve was originally designed tobecome pregnant by eating of a special tree in the Garden of Eden. You don’tfind that in the Bible. These overreactions are funny and sad at the same time.They were overreacting to the sex-crazed culture around them and teachingthings that weren’t in the Bible.You come to the Middle Ages and priests are forbidden to marry in theCatholic Church. By the fifth century, celibacy was considered the best life and ifyou did get married, you were not to have sex for any other reason than havingchildren.The Catholic Church then began writing manuals telling people what theycould and could not do in their bedroom and what days they were allowed to beintimate. By the time they were done, only 44 days of the year were left open. Ifyou came back from a business trip, it was possible you had to wait more than 40days to be intimate with your wife. That was a serious bummer for thenewlyweds.They considered sex bad. They considered marital pleasure evil. Thebody was considered evil. The less fun couples had together, the better.That leads us to the Victorian age where modesty got out of control.Women wore long gowns that went to the floor because it was thought that if aman saw a woman’s ankle, he would lust uncontrollably. Then they noticed thetable legs were smooth, sleek and round. They thought a man would lust afterthem. That is when floor length table clothes were introduced. I know thissounds far fetched, but it is true. These were the concerns in the Victorian era.(By the way, if you are a man who finds table legs something you lust over,please get help. I mean you can leave the sermon now and get help. That is anurgent matter.)This leads us to the present day when a lot of Christians still view sex asevil. They don’t come out and say sex is evil, often times it is much more subtle. Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 9

You know they think sex is a bad thing because all you hear Christians talk aboutis what they are against. Fornication is bad. Adultery is bad. Porn is bad. Thatis what you always hear Christians say. While all that is true, they forget to talkabout what is good about sex. They forget to say sex was God’s idea. It is agreat idea. God created a place, a time and a person when it is to be enjoyed that is called marriage. In fact, he commands us to practice an active andpassionate sex life in marriage. According to 1 Corinthians 7, to not be sexuallysatisfying your spouse is sin. Not many of us expected the Holy Spirit to convictus that the lack of sexual love we express towards our spouse in an area of sin inour lives, but it is true. Don’t believe me? Turn to 1 Corinthians 7. It is written inplain English.Some Christian women think sex is gross. Maybe you were abused. Letme be sensitive to you on this point. If you were molested as a child or raped asan adult, if you had a negative sexual experience similar to that, you were sinnedagainst. Those experiences are powerful and hurtful. You will have a tendencyto see all sexuality as gross because your experience of it was gross. Yourexperience of sex might have been gross, but that doesn’t mean sex is gross. Itmeans your experience of it was hurtful. If that is you today, you need to allowGod to renew your mind and let God’s Word teach you how to think about sexbiblically and to think about your sexuality in a way that honors God.Some guys think about sex negatively because it controls them and drivesthem to do things they don’t want to do. They are sex addicts. Guys, in thisseries, learn to think about sex biblically and positively. If sex isn’t a god and sexisn’t gross, how should we think about it?Sex is a gift.Our sexuality is a gift given us from God. Like any other gift it is to besaved for the right time, the right place and the right person to be unwrapped.That time, place and person come about in marriage.Since sex is a gift, some of you will want to get on Amazon and find all thebooks you can on sex and techniques on how you can enjoy it. Let me speakwith you frankly. The world has a way of taking marital sexuality and twisting it.The world’s sex books are often twisted. Their focus is on how to satisfyyourself. According to the Bible, your sexuality is given to you to serve yourspouse. The world’s understanding of sex is self-centered. The Bible’sunderstanding of sex is serving-your-spouse-centered.If you are thirsty this morning for more information on sexuality, you can goto Amazon to get your books and they will satisfy you. The problem is that youwill be drinking toilet water. If you want clean, pure and fresh water to satisfyyour thirst then stick with us for the next three months as we study the Song ofSolomon. Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 10

Why did God create marriage and sex?Now I want to give you an overview of sexuality from the Bible and howthis gift is to be used. Biblically, we need to understand God gave us marriageand sex in marriage for multiple purposes. It is not just for making babies.1. It is for pleasure - You might think this is rather direct but the Song ofSolomon never mentions kids. It talks about the pleasures of maritalsexuality. If you are married, enjoy intimacy with your spouse to the glory ofGod.2. It is for children - Genesis 1:28 tells us to “Be fruitful and multiply.” Outsideof the immaculate conception, there is only one way to have children. Cindyand I have three kids. We don’t have as much money because kids costmoney, but I wouldn’t trade any of them for all the money in the world. IfCindy did not have an autoimmune disease, our tribe would be bigger. Kidsare a blessing.3. It is for oneness - Genesis 2:24 says “the husband and wife will becomeone.” One flesh, one covenant, one house, one bed, one checkbook and onemind. Marriage and sex fuses people together as one.4. It is for comfort - 2 Samuel 12:24 talks about the time David had a child die.Sometimes there is nothing to say in those situations. You just need the onewho loves you to hold you. The text says that at that time he was intimatewith his wife, and she conceived. They were together sexually to comfort oneanother.5. It is for protection - 1 Corinthians 7 says that if you have sexual desires,they are to be met in marriage. If not, you are open to temptation to sin. Paulsays in the Corinthian letter that “it is better to marry than to burn withpassion.” So if you are burning with passion, focus on getting married, notdoing everything you should be doing in marriage outside of it.So sex is not the god we worship. It is not gross. It is a gift from God tobe treasured and enjoyed at the right time and in the right place. Now let’s openour Bibles and go to the beginning so we can study the foundation of marriageand sexuality that the Song of Solomon was built upon. Turn to Genesis 2:18Then the Lord God said, “It is not good that the man should be alone; I will makehim a helper fit for him.” Now out of the ground the Lord God had formed everybeast of the field and every bird of the heavens and brought them to the man tosee what he would call them. And whatever the man called every living creature,that was its name. The man gave names to all livestock and to the birds of theheavens and to every beast of the field. But for Adam there was not found ahelper fit for him. So the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, andwhile he slept took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh. And the ribthat the Lord God had taken from the man he made into a woman and broughther to the man. Then the man said, “This at last is bone of my bones and flesh ofmy flesh; she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.” Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 11

Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife,and they shall become one flesh. And the man and his wife were both naked andwere not ashamed. Genesis 2:18–25 (ESV)Let’s make some observations.1. Notice the woman comes from the man’s side. She isn’t in front leading himlike a feminist. She isn’t behind cleaning up after him like a chauvinist wouldenjoy. She is from his side. This may explain why women are typicallyslightly shorter and it works for a husband to put his arm around his wife. Shefits right back into the place she came from.2. Notice what the writer of Genesis does with this. He uses the word therefore.It is because of how God created men and women that they are to relate toone another in a particular way. First, a man will leave his father and mother.The guy moves out and gets his own place. Second, he holds fast to his wife.That doesn’t mean he moves in with her. It means he marries her andcommits to her. Third, the two become one flesh. Then they enjoy maritalintimacy. They are both naked and they are not what? Ashamed. They knowthis is good. This is right. There is no shame or guilt in their sex lives. Thereis joy.3. We should notice God created Eve, a woman, not another man. God createdheterosexual marriage, not homosexual marriage. You wonder what is wrongwith homosexual marriage, here you have it. God says Adam and Eve, notAdam and another man.4. We should also notice there is only one place to be sexually active, that is inthe context of marriage. Before marriage we call that fornication, outside ofmarriage we call that adultery. In marriage, we call that bringing glory to God.5. We need to notice that Eve was Adam’s standard of beauty. We watch “TheBachelor” and a guy gets a house full of sex-crazed women chasing him. Hegets to choose which one excites him the most. That is not the way Godworked it. I don’t know what Eve looked like, but compared to the Tiger sharkand the lizard, she looked amazing. God said to Adam that his wife was to behis standard of beauty.As a culture, we follow “The Bachelor” television show method. Youngpeople date, break up, date, break up, connect emotionally and physically, thentear apart. That is not God’s plan. God plans for your spouse to be yourstandard of beauty and to save yourself for your spouse. God’s plan is not tohave 27 different women all competing for a man sexually.This means if you married a tall woman, your standard of beauty is a tallwoman. If you married a short woman, guys, your standard of beauty is a shortwomen. If you married a plus-size woman, your standard of beauty is a plussize. If you married a skinny woman, your standard of beauty is skinny. If yourwife looked one way at age 25 when you married her, she will not look the sameat age 75. What she looks like at age 75 is your new standard of beauty, not Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 12

what she looked like at age 25. Lust is comparing your spouse to another ordesiring your spouse to look like a different spouse. What does the Bible say?I made a covenant with my eyes not to look lustfully at a girl. Job 31:1 (NIV84)That is the introduction. Next week, we get into the book. As I wind thisup, I want to invite Cindy to come forward so we can answer a few of yourquestions. Some of you wonder why she is doing this part with me.I have known this woman for almost 20 years, and she is really smart.She is especially good with questions that come from women. I am a man. As aguy, there is only so much I understand about ladies so I want her to help withthe questions. I feel we will do this better together than alone.Q&A with Kurt and CindyThe outline and some of the data for this message were taken from a sermon delivered by MarkDriscoll on the same text. The sermon can be found in an ebook. (Driscoll, M. (2009). MarkDriscoll Sermon Archive 2005-2009. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software.) Mark hasreformatted this material and expanded upon it in a recent book, (Driscoll, M., & Driscoll, G.(2012). Real marriage: The truth about sex, friendship & life together. Nashville: Thomas Nelson.) Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 13

Solomon on SexGod, Sex and CultureSmall Group Work SheetJanuary 8, 2012Part 1 - Ice Breaker Who is on your Solomon on Sex Invest and Invite Card? What steps have you takento invite them? Have you given away any Solomon on Sex Invitation Brochures? To whom? How didit go? Did you choose to use a yard sign?Part 2 - Sermon Review1. What did Pastor Kurt mean when he said that people have often treated sexas god? What is an example of this today? In history?2. What are some modern day examples of the church treating sex as gross?3. The sex is gross view often comes from half-truths, fears and badexperiences. What would you say to a person who has this view -- to try andconvince them that sex is good?4. What was your reaction to the statistics on consumption of pornography ( 60billion a year business)? How far do you think politicians should go in fightingor regulating this industry?5. Read Genesis 2:18-25: As a group think of all the implications for marriageand sex that come from this passage of Scripture (especially vss. 22-25)?Part 3 - Digging DeeperThe view that Sex is Gross has often been a view for Christians throughouthistory. Here are some humorous (but sad) quotes on the negative views takenof marital sexuality.The ancient church was comfortable reaching into the marital bedroom andtelling couples what they could and couldn’t do. At times, church authorities triedto “outlaw” marital sex for much of the year. Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 14

Church authorities issued edicts forbidding sex on Thursdays, the day ofChrist’s arrest; on Fridays, the day of his death; on Saturdays, in honor ofthe Blessed Virgin; and on Sundays in honor of the departed saints.Wednesdays sometimes made the list too, as did the 40-day fast periodsbefore Easter, Christmas, and Pentecost, and also feast days and days ofthe Apostles, as well as the days of female impurity. The list escalateduntil only 44 days a year remained available for marital sex!1Leap forward to the 1800’s and we find the deeply rooted attitude on thegrossness of sex still controlling the church. One of my favorite illustrations ofthis comes from a letter written by a pastor’s wife to a young woman before herwedding day. (This woman may have been a pastor’s wife, but as a pastor, I amthankful she was not my wife!)To the sensitive young woman who has had the benefits of properupbringing, the wedding day is, ironically, both the happiest and mostterrifying day of her life. On the positive side, there is the wedding itself;on the negative side, there is the wedding night, during which the bridemust “pay the piper,” so to speak, for the first time the terrible experienceof sex.At this point, let me concede one shocking truth. Some young womenactually anticipate the wedding night ordeal with curiosity and pleasure!Beware such an attitude! One cardinal rule of marriage should never beforgotten: GIVE LITTLE, GIVE SELDOM, AND ABOVE ALL, GIVEGRUDGINGLY. Otherwise what could have been a proper marriage couldbecome an orgy of lust.2Another humorous example of the perceived grossness of marital sexuality isseen in a quote from Lady Hillingdon, a Britisharistocrat.I am happy now that Charles calls on mybedchamber less frequently than of old.As it is, I now endure but two calls a week,and when I hear his steps outside mydoor, I lie down on my bed, close my eyes,open my legs and think of England.3The negative attitude on human sexuality wasstill firmly entrenched in the early 1900’s. Now Iknow why the parents in Ozzie and Harriet and Leave it to Beaver slept in1Philip Yancey, “Holy Sex,” Christianity Today (October 2003), p. 49.2Ruth Smythers, “Instructions and Advice for the Young Bride,” The Madison Institute Newsletter(New York: Spiritual Guidance Press, Fall 1894).3Tom Gledhill, The Message of the Song of Songs (Downers Grove, Ill.” Intervarsity, 1994), p.171. Dr. Kurt Trucksess - Solomon on Sex - www.Christ2Rculture.com - Page 15

different beds. Here is a quote from a popular book in 1907 on how a groom canlove his bride sexually.Thousands of married men andwomen are suffering from the effectsof excessive sexual indulgence

In, Solomon on Sex, we study the Song of Solomon, a frequently ignored Old Testament book. It is a book of poetic snapshots that give us a window into the relationship between King Solomon and his first wife, the Shulammite. The first half of the book teaches about their dating, courting and wedding. The second