Transcription
2011Insect Pest Managementin VirginiaCotton, Peanut, and SoybeanTidewater Agricultural Research and Extension CenterVirginia Agricultural Experiment StationVT/1211/AREC- ‐7
INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT IN VIRGINIACOTTON, PEANUT, AND SOYBEAN2011D. Ames Herbert, Jr., Extension Entomologist, Virginia Tech Tidewater ARECTechnical Support:Mike Arrington, Research Specialist, Virginia Tech Tidewater ARECBobby Estienne, Virginia Tech Tidewater ARECNathan Harris, Virginia Tech Tidewater ARECKatherine Kamminga, Post-Doctoral Fellow, Virginia Tech Dept. of EntomologyLaura Maxey, Virginia Tech Dept. of EntomologyRebecca McGrath, Agricultural Technician, Virginia Tech Tidewater ARECDavid Owens, Graduate Student, Virginia Tech Dept. of EntomologyJessica Samler, Graduate Student, Virginia Tech Dept. of EntomologySean Malone, Research Specialist, Virginia Tech Tidewater ARECEd Seymore, Virginia Tech Tidewater ARECJohn Xenakis, Virginia Tech Tidewater ARECNovember 20112011Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityVT/1211/AREC-7Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status.An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Extension is a joint program of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and state and local governments. Issued infurtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Edwin J. Jones, Director, VirginiaCooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; Jewel E. Hairston, Interim Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State, Petersburg. Disclaimer: Commercial products are named in thispublication for informational purposes only. Virginia Cooperative Extension does not endorse these products and does not intend discrimination against other products which also may be suitable.1
ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors wish to thank the many cooperators and contributors for their help and support inconducting numerous 2011 field tests and demonstrations. Appreciation is extended to AllenHarper, Director, and Bobby Ashburn, Farm Manager of the Tidewater AREC, for their help inimplementing field tests. Thanks to the many other Extension specialists, Agents, producers,state commodity groups, Ag-Industry personnel, and cooperating commercial companies listedbelow.PRODUCERSSpecial thanks to the many producers across the region who helped the program by allowing usto conduct field tests on their farms or by operating black light traps. Without their cooperation,this program would have less scope and meaning to other farmers.Ray Clarke, Dinwiddie Co.Donald Turner, Dinwiddie Co.Greg Jenkins, Gloucester Co.Kirby Farms, Hanover Co.Jason Benton, Middlesex Co.Stephen Davis, New Kent Co.Bennie Jennings, ChesapeakeHarry Shepard, Orange Co.Steve Rosbicki, Prince George Co.David Wells, Prince George Co.Ray Davis, Southampton Co.Everett Farms, Southampton Co.Mike Grizzard, Southampton Co.Marks Farms, Southampton Co.Speight Farms, SuffolkKenneth Worrell, SuffolkLowe Farms, Surry Co.Steven and Michael Pittman, Surry Co.Hanzlik Farms, Sussex Co.Don Horsley, Virginia BeachUNIVERSITY FACULTY AND STAFFVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityDavid Holshouser, Soybean Specialist, Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VAPatrick Phipps, Plant Pathologist, Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VAMaria Balota, Crop Physiologist, Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VAThomas Kuhar, Entomologist, Eastern Shore AREC, Painter, VARobert Pitman, Director, Eastern Virginia AREC, Warsaw, VAMary Beahm, Agricultural Specialist, Eastern Virginia AREC, Warsaw, VAPete Schultz, Director/Entomologist, Hampton Roads AREC, Virginia Beach, VAHélène Doughty, Senior Research Specialist, Eastern Shore AREC, Painter, VAJim Jenrette, Research Assistant, Eastern Shore AREC, Painter, VANorth Carolina State UniversityJack Bacheler, Entomologist, Dept. of Entomology, Raleigh, NCDan Mott, Research Specialist, Dept. of Entomology, Raleigh, NCDominic Reisig, Entomologist, Dept. of Entomology, Plymouth, NCSteven Roberson, Research Technician, Dept. of Entomology, Plymouth, NC2
University of DelawareJoanne Whalen, Entomologist, Newark, DEUniversity of MarylandGalen Dively, Entomologist, College Park, MDVirginia State UniversityMark Kraemer, Entomologist, Dept. of Entomology, Petersburg, VAVIRGINIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSIONWatson Lawrence, ChesapeakeCarl Stafford, Culpeper Co.Mike Parrish, Dinwiddie Co.Keith Balderson, Essex Co.Livvy Gill, Intern, Essex Co.Janet Spencer, Isle of Wight Co.Micah Owens, Intern, New Kent Co.Susan Dunaway, Intern, Middlesex Co.David Moore, Middlesex Co.William Shockley, Northampton Co.Steve Hopkins, Orange Co.Scott Reiter, Prince George Co.Kelly Liddington, Richmond Co.Matt Yancey, Rockingham Co.Robert Clark, Shenandoah Co.Neil Clark, Southampton Co.Chris Drake, Southampton Co.Glenn Slade, Surry Co.Kelvin Wells, Sussex Co.UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURERyan Jackson, Research Entomologist, Stoneville, MSCOMMODITY GROUPSCotton IncorporatedCotton FoundationNational Peanut BoardUnited Soybean BoardVirginia Agricultural CouncilVirginia Cotton BoardVirginia Peanut BoardVirginia Soybean BoardVirginia State Cotton Support Committee3
INDEPENDENT CROP CONSULTANTSChad Harrell, Hertford Co., NCStan Winslow, Matt Winslow, and Dale Weeks, Tidewater Agronomics, Inc., Camden, NCCOOPERATING COMPANIESAgri-Technologies, Clinton, NCBayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, NCBrandt Consolidated, Inc., Springfield, ILCommonwealth Gin, Windsor, VADow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, INE.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DEHundley Seed Company, Champlain, VAMonsanto Agricultural Company, St. Louis, MONichino America, Inc., San Antonio, TXSeed Source Genetics, Bishop, TXSyngenta Crop Protection, Inc., Greensboro, NCUnited Phosphorus, Inc., King of Prussia, PAValent U.S.A. Corporation, Walnut Creek, CAWinfield Solutions, LLC, Collierville, TN4
Insect Rating Scales Used in Efficacy Trials and Abbreviations Used in this PublicationThrips injury rating scale for cotton:0 no injury1 10% injured leaves, no bud injury2 25% injured leaves, no bud injury3 75% injured leaves, 0-25% buds injured4 90% injured leaves, 25% buds injured5 dead plantsThrips injury rating scale for peanut:0 no injury1 10% leaves injured2 20% leaves injured3 30% leaves injured4 40% leaves injured5 50% leaves injured 5% terminal buds injured6 50% leaves injured 25% terminal buds injured7 50% leaves injured 50% terminal buds injured8 50% leaves injured 75% terminal buds injured9 50% leaves injured 90% terminal buds injured10 dead plantsAbbreviations used in this publication:1st tl: first true leafai: active ingredientBC: broadcastcotyl: cotyledoncwt: hundred-weightGC: ground-crackingIF: in-furrowRCBD: randomized complete block designTidewater AREC: Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center5
ContentsAcknowledgments.2Insect Rating Scales Used in Efficacy Trials and Abbreviations Used in this Publication .5Climatological Summary of the 2011 Growing Season—Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA .8Soil types, nutrient analyses (ppm), and pH for tests conducted in 2011. .12Cotton Insect Pest Management Tests and DemonstrationsTest: CT11-THP-Regional-Irrigated .14Test: CT11-THP-Regional-Dryland .20Test: CT11-THP-Regional-Foliar .26Test: CT11-THP-Regional-Eastern .32Test: CT11-THP-Bayer.36Test: CT11-THP-Dow .40Test: CT11-THP-PHY .44Test: CT11-THP-AMVAC .47Test: CT11-THP-DuPont .51Test: CT11-THP-Nichino .55Test: CT11-BW1.57Test: CT11-BW2.61Test: CT11-BW3-Dow.63Test: CT11-BW4.66Test: CT11-BW-Everett .69Test: CT11-BW-Grizzard .71Test: CT11-BW-Lowe .73Test: CT11-SBUG-Bayer/AMVAC.75Test: CT11-SBUG-Valent .78Test: CT11-SBUG-3 .81Test: CT11-SBUG-4 .83Peanut Insect Pest Management Tests and DemonstrationsTest: PT11-THP-1.86Test: PT11-THP-2.92Test: PT11-THP-3.97Test: PT11-THP-Foliar .101Test: PT11-THP-Syngenta-1 .106Test: PT11-THP-Syngenta-2 .111Test: PT11-THP-VA Lines .116Test: PT11-CEW-1 .121Test: PT11-CEW-2 .123Test: PT11-CEW-3 .126Test: PT11-SCR1 .1296
Soybean Insect Pest Management Tests and DemonstrationsTest: SB11-SEED-1 .132Test: SB11-SEED-2 .135Test: SB11-BMSB-1 .138Test: SB11-BMSB-2 .141Test: SB11-BMSB-3 .143Test: SB11-CEW-Speight .145Test: SB11-CEW-Worrell-1 .147Test: SB11-CEW-Worrell-2 .149Test: SB11-CEW-LOOP-Bayer .151Corn earworm survey of field corn in Virginia, 2011. .153Results of the 2011 Virginia soybean insecticide usage survey. .1542011 Virginia soybean insecticide usage percentages by district and state total. .155Corn earworm regression. .156Average nightly number of corn earworm moths captured in eastern Virginia black lighttraps, 2011 season.1577
Climatological Summary of the 2011 Growing Season—Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VATable 1. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures ( F) for 2011.JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNDay of 582.455.489.863.758.130.3875.249.1
Table 1, continued. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures ( F) for 2011.JULAUGSEPOCTNOVDay of 9.864.571.845.083.662.29Max.Min.DECMax.Min.
Table 2. Daily precipitation (inches) for 2011—Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA.Day of l2.660.802.921002.012.234.28
Table 2, continued. Daily precipitation (inches) for 2011—Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA.Day of 108.96113.34NOVDEC
Table 3. Soil types, nutrient analyses (ppm), and pH for tests conducted in 2011—TidewaterAREC, Suffolk, VA.Field tton67PeanutSoil 23440.84.66.444465376380.64.56.5212
2011Cotton Insect PestManagement Tests andDemonstrations13
Test: CT11-THP-Regional-Irrigated, Efficacy of an insecticide (thiamethoxam) seedtreatment in combination with either base fertilizer alone or base fertilizer plus starter fertilizer,with or without a supplemental single foliar application of acephate, on irrigated cotton.Seed treatmentFungicide onlyFoliar timing ofacephate2NoneBase onlyFungicide onlyFirst true leaf bud on 90% May 133Base onlyFungicide onlySecond true leaf on 50%4Base onlyCruiser 5FS FungicideNone5Base onlyCruiser 5FS FungicideFirst true leaf bud on 90% May 136Base onlyCruiser 5FS FungicideSecond true leaf on 50%7Starter baseFungicide onlyNone8Starter baseFungicide onlyFirst true leaf bud on 90% May 139Starter baseFungicide onlySecond true leaf on 50%10 Starter baseCruiser 5FS FungicideNone11 Starter baseCruiser 5FS FungicideFirst true leaf bud on 90% May 1312 Starter baseCruiser 5FS FungicideSecond true leaf on 50%#1FertilizationBase only21Date of foliarapplicationMay 20May 20May 20May 201Starter plots (treatments 7-12) received 10 gpa of 10-34-0 liquid fertilizer applied 2 inchesbelow and 2 inches beside the seed at planting (2x2 placement). Treatments 1-6 and 7-12received 30 and 18 units N (24-0-3), respectively, as a side dress on June 10.2Foliar broadcast application of Orthene 97 @ 4 oz/ATest: CT11-THP-Regional-IrrigatedExperimental design: Split-plotYear: 2011Plot size: 4 rows x 35’Crop: CottonRow spacing: 36”Variety: PHY 375 WRFPlanting date: Apr. 27Field: 15Harvest date: Oct 17Location: Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VARow feet harvested: 7014
Treatment application(s):Broadcast using backpackNozzle type: 8002VSNozzle spacing: 18”PSI: 16.8GPA: 14.3Comments: Irrigated 1.5” on June 8.HerbicidesDate4/10Additional insecticidesRate/A22 oz4/27ProductRoundupWeatherMaxAcumen4/27Cotoran 4L1 qt4/2722 voke0.1 oz6/30Cotton Pro1.5 pt8/02RoundupWeatherMax22 oz5/271.5 ptLime & fertilizerDate7/19ProductBrigade 2ECRate/A4 ozDate4/06Product6-16-39Rate/A330 lb7/30Baythroid XL3 oz6/10Boron1 qt8/10Baythroid XL3 oz6/23Boron1 qt6/23N30 units22 oz1 qtGrowth regulatorsDefoliationDate7/05ProductPentiaRate/A8 ozDate9/21ProductFinishRate/A1 qt7/14Pentia1 pt9/21Dropp3 oz7/30Pentia8 oz9/21Folex6 oz10/04Super Boll1 pt15
Table 4. Thrips injury ratings1, CT11-THP-Regional-Irrigated. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, 2011. Broadcast at 1st trueleaf bud and 2nd true leaf applications were made on May 13 and May 20, respectively.#1FertilizationBase only2Base only3Seed trt2FFoliar timing of acephateNoneMay 183.25 aMay 253.88 aMay 314.56 aJun 64.50 aF1st tl bud on 90%2.81 bc3.69 a4.19 b3.69 cBase onlyF2nd tl on 50%3.13 a3.69 a4.19 b3.69 c4Base onlyC/FNone1.50 d2.50 de3.13 d1.75 d5Base onlyC/F1st tl bud on 90%1.38 d2.38 e1.50 f0.75 f6Base onlyC/F2nd tl on 50%1.56 d2.31 e2.06 e0.75 f7Starter baseFNone3.00 ab3.69 a4.50 a4.25 b8Starter baseF1st tl bud on 90%2.69 c3.38 b3.94 bc3.56 c9Starter baseF2nd tl on 50%3.13 a3.31 b3.81 c3.56 c10Starter baseC/FNone1.31 d2.75 c2.13 e1.25 e11Starter baseC/F1st tl bud on 90%1.31 d2.63 cd1.75 f0.75 f12Starter baseC/F2nd tl on 50%1.50 d2.31 e2.19 e0.75 f0.250.220.270.16LSDMeans within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P 0.05).1Thrips injury based on a 0-5 scale, 0 no injury and 5 dead plants.2F Fungicide only; C/F Cruiser 5FS fungicide.
Table 5. Mean number of thrips per 5 plants, CT11-THP-Regional-Irrigated. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, 2011.Broadcast at 1st true leaf bud and 2nd true leaf applications were made on May 13 and May 20, BaseonlyBaseonlyBaseonlyBaseonlyBaseonlyStarter baseStarter baseStarter baseStarter baseStarter baseStarter baseLSDMay 12(1st true leaf budstage)ImmatureAdult0.259.75May 16(1st true leaf stage)ImmatureAdult2.0011.75May 23(1-2 true leaf stage)ImmatureAdult119.50 a15.50 a-cMay 31ImmatureAdult72.42 ab9.25Jun 6ImmatureAdult58.00 a-c7.00 bcSeedtrt1FFoliar timing ofacephateNoneF1st tl bud on 90%------1.256.2560.25 b8.75 cd48.25 b-d11.5678.75 a14.00 aF2nd tl on 50%------------63.00 b6.75 d37.63 cd8.3828.00 c8.75 a-c0.003.001.505.0027.75 bc9.00 cd55.50 bc10.7550.25 a-c11.50 abC/FNoneC/F1st tl bud on 90%------0.504.7519.08 c5.50 d38.50 cd12.2572.81 ab14.00 aC/F2nd tl on 50%------------19.25 c6.25 d24.75 d10.2536.50 bc7.25 a-cFNone------------129.75 a21.75 a93.25 a10.2582.50 a14.00 aF1st tl bud on 90%------4.007.5053.75 bc11.50 b-d54.75 bc14.7578.50 a6.75 bcF2nd tl on 50%------------54.00 bc8.00 cd23.75 d4.7546.71 a-c12.13 abC/FNone------------23.00 bc20.00 ab35.75 cd8.7547.25 a-c3.50 cC/F1st tl bud on 90%------0.253.5023.25 bc9.00 cd27.00 d10.0075.75 a11.75 abC/F2nd tl on 50%------------14.00 c7.25 cd22.50 d12.0035.00 c7.75 a-cNSNSNSNS40.248.6526.14NS37.366.91Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P 0.05).1F Fungicide only; C/F Cruiser 5FS fungicide.17
Table 6. Plant height1, number of true leaves1, number of nodes per plant1, and aboveground biomass2, CT11-THP-RegionalIrrigated. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, 2011. Broadcast at 1st true leaf bud and 2nd true leaf applications were made onMay 13 and May 20, respectively.Seedtrt3FFoliar timing ofacephateNoneMay 23HeightTrue(cm)leaves4.45 e1.05 eMay 31HeightTrue(cm)leaves7.05 e2.10 fJun 6Height(cm)9.70 gTrueleaves3.60 gNodes4.40 deBiomass(g)2.84 d#1FertilizationBase only2Base onlyF1st tl bud on 90%4.78 c-e1.20 de7.42 de3.15 cd10.60 d-g4.75 d-f4.00 f3.06 d3Base onlyF2nd tl on 50%4.75 c-e1.15 de7.58 de2.80 de10.43 e-g4.65 ef4.85 bc3.13 d4Base onlyC/FNone4.90 c-e1.50 a-c8.43 a-c3.50 a-c10.98 d-f4.95 c-f4.05 ef3.05 d5Base onlyC/F1st tl bud on 90%5.20 bc1.20 de8.13 b-d3.45 bc11.66 cd5.21 c-e4.58 cd4.75 a-c6Base onlyC/F2nd tl on 50%5.45 ab1.50 a-c8.50 a-c3.60 a-c11.78 b-d5.05 c-f4.35 d-f3.53 cd7Starter baseFNone4.95 cd1.40 b-d7.70 de2.35 ef10.18 fg4.45 f5.05 ab3.29 d8Starter baseF1st tl bud on 90%4.65 de1.25 c-e7.98 cd3.15 cd11.58 de4.95 c-f4.65 cd4.02 b-d9Starter baseF2nd tl on 50%4.48 de1.20 de7.83 cd3.15 cd10.88 d-g5.40 b-d5.35 a4.01 b-d10Starter baseC/FNone5.88 a1.65 ab9.13 a3.65 a-c12.93 ab5.60 a-c5.05 ab5.20 ab11Starter baseC/F1st tl bud on 90%5.90 a1.60 ab9.05 a4.00 a13.03 a6.00 ab4.90 bc5.99 a12Starter baseC/F2nd tl on 50%5.73 a1.75 a8.83 ab3.79 ab12.83 a-c6.25 a4.95 bc5.60 a0.480.290.700.551.200.720.401.42LSDMeans within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P 0.05).1Based on sampling five plants per plot.2Aboveground biomass based on cutting 5 plants/plot at soil level, pooling those samples into labeled paper bags, and drying at 60 C for 48 hours.3F Fungicide only; C/F Cruiser 5FS fungicide.18
Table 7. Stand counts and yield, CT11-THP-Regional-Irrigated. Tidewater AREC, Suff2011. Broadcast at 1st true leaf bud and 2nd true leaf applications were made on May 1320, respectively.Plants/35 row ft2Foliar timing of acephateNoneJun 977.25Lint lb/acre3634F1st tl bud on 90%84.00576Base onlyF2nd tl on 50%86.256234Base onlyC/FNone76.136155Base onlyC/F1st tl bud on 90%79.256446Base onlyC/F2nd tl on 50%85.885587Starter baseFNone84.506308Starter baseF1st tl bud on 90%87.254829Starter baseF2nd tl on 50%85.8848610Starter baseC/FNone86.1348911Starter baseC/F1st tl bud on 90%81.7550412Starter baseC/F2nd tl on 50%82.75474NSNS#1FertilizationBase only2Base only3Seed trt1FLSDMeans within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P 0.05).1F Fungicide only; C/F Cruiser 5FS fungicide.2Based on sampling all plants in rows 1 and 2 of each plot.3Cotton was harvested on October 17. Gross yields were reduced by 56.5% to account for seed and trash.19
Test: CT11-THP-Regional-Dryland, Efficacy of an insecticide (thiamethoxam) seed treatmentin combination with either base fertilizer alone or base fertilizer plus starter fertilizer, with orwithout a supplemental single foliar application of acephate, on dryland cottonSeed treatmentFungicide onlyFoliar timing ofacephate2NoneBase onlyFungicide onlyFirst true leaf bud on 90% May 133Base onlyFungicide onlySecond true leaf on 50%4Base onlyCruiser 5FS FungicideNone5Base onlyCruiser 5FS FungicideFirst true leaf bud on 90% May 136Base onlyCruiser 5FS FungicideSecond true leaf on 50%7Starter baseFungicide onlyNone8Starter baseFungicide onlyFirst true leaf bud on 90% May 139Starter baseFungicide onlySecond true leaf on 50%10 Starter baseCruiser 5FS FungicideNone11 Starter baseCruiser 5FS FungicideFirst true leaf bud on 90% May 1312 Starter baseCruiser 5FS FungicideSecond true leaf on 50%#1FertilizationBase only21Date of foliarapplicationMay 20May 20May 20May 201Starter plots (treatments 7-12) received 10 gpa of 10-34-0 liquid fertilizer applied 2 inchesbelow and 2 inches beside the seed at planting (2x2 placement). Treatments 1-6 and 7-12received 30 and 18 units N (24-0-3), respectively, as a side dress on June 10.2Foliar broadcast application of Orthene 97 @ 4 oz/ATest: CT11-THP-Regional-DrylandExperimental design: Split-plotYear: 2011Plot size: 4 rows x 35’Crop: CottonRow spacing: 36”Variety: PHY 375 WRFPlanting date: Apr. 27Field: 6Harvest date: Oct. 21Location: Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VARow feet harvested: 7020
Treatment application(s):Broadcast using backpackNozzle type: 8002VSHerbicidesNozzle spacing: 18”PSI: 16.8Additional insecticidesGPA: 14.3Lime & fertilizerDate4/27ProductAcumenRate/A1.5 ptDate7/19ProductBrigade 2ECRate/A4 ozDate4/06Product6-16-39Rate/A330 lb4/27Cotoran 4L1 qt7/29Baythroid XL3 oz6/10Boron1 qt4/2722 oz8/11Baythroid XL3 oz6/24Boron1 qt6/24N30 WeatherMaxMSMA7/13Envoke0.1 oz7/13Cotton Pro1.5 pt8/11RoundupPowerMax22 oz5/276/1422 oz22 oz1 qtGrowth regulatorsDefoliationDate7/05ProductPentiaRate/A8 ozDate10/05ProductFinishRate/A1 qt7/14Pentia1 pt10/05Dropp3 oz7/29Pentia8 oz10/05Folex10 oz10/05Super Boll6 oz21
Table 8. Thrips injury ratings1, CT11-THP-Regional-Dryland. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, 2011. Broadcast at 1st trueleaf bud and 2nd true leaf applications were made on May 13 and May 20, respectively.Seed trt2F#1FertilizationBase only2Base onlyF3Base onlyF4Base only5May 183.25 aMay 253.75 aMay 314.31 aJun 64.38 a1st tl bud on 90%2.81 c3.13 c3.69 b3.69 b2nd tl on 50%3.13 ab3.25 c3.19 c2.94 dC/FNone1.75 d2.38 ef1.81 de1.63 eBase onlyC/F1st tl bud on 90%1.50 e2.44 ef1.75 de0.81 g6Base onlyC/F2nd tl on 50%1.75 d2.25 fg1.75 de0.75 g7Starter baseFNone3.06 ab3.50 b4.19 a4.19 a8Starter baseF1st tl bud on 90%2.94 bc3.06 c3.25 c3.31 c9Starter baseF2nd tl on 50%3.13 ab3.25 c3.38 bc3.50 bc10Starter baseC/FNone1.69 de2.75 d2.06 d1.25 f11Starter baseC/F1st tl bud on 90%1.50 e2.50 e1.69 e0.75 g12Starter baseC/F2nd tl on 50%1.75 d2.13 g1.63 e0.75 g0.220.230.320.26LSDFoliar timing of acephateNoneMeans within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Protected LSD, P 0.05).1Thrips injury based on a 0-5 scale, 0 no injury and 5 dead plants.2F Fungicide only; C/F Cruiser 5FS fungicide.
Table 9. Mean number of thrips per 5 plants, CT11-THP-Regional-Dryland. Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, 2011. Broadcastat 1st true leaf bud and 2nd true leaf applications were made on May 13 and May 20, respectively.May 12(1st true leaf budstage)ImmatureAdult0.2511.75 aMay 16(1st true leaf stage)ImmatureAdult4.25 a10.00 aMay 23(1-2 true leaf stage)ImmatureAdult58.00 a8.50 abMay 31ImmatureAdult46.50 a5.50 cdJun 6ImmatureAdult69.92 a6.92#1FertilizationBase onlySeedtrt1FFoliar timing ofacephateNone2Base onlyF1st tl bud on 90%------1.25 b4.75 b16.75 b-d2.25 d35.00 a-c12.75 a46.75 ab6.753Base onlyF2nd tl on 50%------------16.25 cd1.50 d18.25 cd4.75 cd31.00 b-d8.754Base onlyC/FNone0.002.00 b0.75 b1.75 b11.25 cd4.50 b-d43.63 a11.00 ab31.50 b-d8.005Base onlyC/F1st tl bud on 90%------0.00 b4.25 b12.25 cd3.00 cd29.75 a-d9.50 a-d40.00 bc4.756Base onlyC/F2nd tl on 50%------------4.50 d1.75 d16.79 cd8.21 a-d18.52 cd5.447Starter baseStarter baseStarter baseStarter baseStarter baseStarter baseLSDFNone------------73.25 a13.00 a44.69 a4.44 d50.63 ab8.13F1st tl bud on 90%------0.75 b3.00 b34.50 b5.50 b-d37.63 ab8.44 a-d36.75 b-d7.00F2nd tl on 50%------------22.50 bc1.75 d15.19 d4.38 d14.75 d4.50C/FNone------------12.25 cd9.00 ab42.25 a9.7
Insect Pest Management in Virginia Cotton, Peanut, and Soybean Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center 11 Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station VT/1211/AREC*7,
