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BROAD RIPPLE VILLAGEPARKING SUPPLY/DEMAND AND ALTERNATIVES ANALYSISAUGUST 3, 20077.Determine future parking surpluses and deficiencies (through2012) by block within the study area. Future demand will bebased on perspective developments and their calculated parkinggeneration rates using available local data, national averages,Walker Parking Consultants’ experience and shared-usemethodology.TASK 2 – ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS1.Identify if alternative on- and off-street solutions to meet the needsof the area exist within reasonable walking distance.2.Explore remote shuttle opportunities using existing surface parkinglocated in or adjacent to the study area, such as the park orschool parking lots.3.Review existing vehicular and pedestrian access and circulationpatterns for their relationship to existing and proposed parkinggenerators and the parking supply.4.Determine whether the opportunity for re-striping and/or makingefficiency improvements exists to increase the parking supply.5.Develop options for expanding the parking supply throughstructured parking. Determine if there is a need for a parkingstructure in the study area. Identify alternative locations for such aparking structure, if needed.6.Determine conceptual construction and project costs for each ofthe alternatives, including estimated operational expenses, toenable a comparison of the costs of each alternative.7.Identify parking management strategies appropriate to the studyarea. This includes hours of operation, opportunities/strategiesfor shared parking, residential parking permit programs, parkingrates, parking enforcement, etc.8.Provide a preliminary cost projection for building and operatingstructured parking. This includes an opinion of construction costs,a discussion of hard and soft costs, annual operation costs, andbreak even costs.9.Meet with City representatives to discuss findings.5

BROAD RIPPLE VILLAGEPARKING SUPPLY/DEMAND AND ALTERNATIVES ANALYSISAUGUST 3, 2007TASK 3 - REPORT PREPARATION1.Prepare a draft report for review by City representatives, providedin electronic PDF format.2.Obtain feedback regarding draft report from City representatives,finalize report, and issue final report in a reproducible electronicPDF format.STUDY METHODOLOGYThe first step in a supply demand analysis is to determine the parkingsupply in the area. To do this, we conducted a physical inventory of1parking spaces. The inventory was then tabulated by block andcategorized as on-street, off-street, public or private.The totalinventory is adjusted to provide a “cushion” to allow for mis-parkedvehicles, lost spaces for maintenance, snow, etc, as well as the timeneeded to find the last few remaining spaces. This adjustment variesdepending on the type of parking, such as on-street, public or privateoff-street, but is generally between 5 and 15 percent of the totalparking supply.The next step is to determine the parking demand. To do this, we tookparking occupancy counts for a weekday and weekend in the studyarea, resulting in a tabulation of the physical number of vehiclespresent. The weekday counts were conducted at 10:00 a.m., 12:00p.m., 2:00 p.m., 4:00 p.m., and 6:00 p.m. Friday evening countswere conducted at 7:00 p.m., 9:00 p.m., 11:00 p.m., and 1:00a.m. By comparing the observed peak parking occupancy with theparking supply on a block-by-block basis, we were able to determinethe parking adequacy for each block in the study area.The final step is to calculate the projected future parking demandconsidering potential land use changes to the area. Walker reviewedpotential projects for the area and available building space to forecastthe impact on parking within the next five years. Parking demand wascalculated using Urban Land Institute (ULI), Institute of TransportationEngineers (ITE), and Walker’s own research on parking demandgeneration rates.1Residential driveways and residential garages were not included.6

BROAD RIPPLE VILLAGEPARKING SUPPLY/DEMAND AND ALTERNATIVES ANALYSISAUGUST 3, 2007Table 1 is a flow chart outlining the steps taken to determine theexisting parking adequacy and future parking conditions in the studyarea.Table 1: Adequacy Flow ChartInventory parkingsupplyConduct parkingoccupancy countsIdentify futuredevelopments andcharacteristicsClassify parkingsupply: Public,Private, On-StreetDetermine peakparking demandQuantify the parkingdemand for futuredevelopmentsDetermine the"effective" parkingsupplyCompare the peakoccupancy to theeffective supplyCalculate the futureparking conditionsSource: Walker Parking Consultants7

BROAD RIPPLE VILLAGEPARKING SUPPLY/DEMAND AND ALTERNATIVES ANALYSISAUGUST 3, 2007This section of the report identifies the parking characteristics within thestudy area. The information contained herein serves as the basis foranalysis of the existing and future parking needs. Included is adiscussion of current parking supply, effective supply, parking demand,and parking adequacy.EXISTING PARKINGCONDITIONSCURRENT SUPPLYThe foundation of a parking supply and demand study is an inventoryof the existing parking supply. By examining the inventory of theparking supply and comparing it to the parking demand, we quantifythe parking surplus or deficit that exists or potentially will exist withfuture development. There are few off-street public parking areas in thestudy area; rather, the supply is available in many small private lots, oras on-street parking. Much of the on-street parking in the core area ismetered, but free on nights and weekends, when parking demandpeaks. Several off-street private lots transform to public pay lots,Thursday to Saturday, due to increased parking demand. The lotsbasically add a parking attendant and portable sign indicating parkingis available for 5.00.ndWeekday Parking SupplyOn-Street35%Private OffStreet65%thBased on the data Walker collected on June 22 and 26 , 2007,2there are 3,726 parking spaces in the study area. The inventoriedparking supply has been categorized into three classifications: OnStreet, Off-Street Public, and Off-Street Private. The following quantifiesa breakdown of these spaces for the weekday count: 1,293 are onstreet, and 2,433 are off-street. Of the off-street spaces, 8 are open tothe public, and 2,425 are private or restricted-use spaces, meant toserve a particular business or group of businesses.During the weekend count, the 3,726 parking spaces in the studyarea were broken down to include 1,293 on-street, and 2,433 offstreet. Of the off-street spaces, 551 were public ( 5 parking fee) and1,882 were private spaces.Table 2 in the right hand column shows the distribution of the currentparking supply for a weekday and weekend. On-street parking forboth weekday and weekend constitutes about 35 percent of the totalparking supply.2Table 2: Distribution of ParkingSupplyWeekend Parking SupplyOn-Street35%Public OffStreet15%Private OffStreet50%Source: Walker Parking Consultants, DataCollection June 2007Does not include private residential off-street parking.8

BROAD RIPPLE VILLAGEPARKING SUPPLY/DEMAND AND ALTERNATIVES ANALYSISAUGUST 3, 2007EFFECTIVE PARKING SUPPLYThe inventory of parking within the study area is adjusted to allow for acushion necessary for vehicles moving in and out of spaces, and toreduce the time necessary to find the last few remaining spaces whenthe parking supply is nearly full. We derive the effective supply bydeducting this cushion from the total parking capacity. The cushionallows for vacancies created by restricting parking spaces to certainusers (reserved spaces), misparked vehicles, minor construction, andsnow removal.A parking system operates at peak efficiency when parking occupancyis at 85 to 95 percent of the supply. When occupancy levels exceedthis, patrons may experience delays and frustration while searching fora space. Therefore, the parking supply may be perceived asinadequate even though some spaces are available in the parkingsystem.A parking supplyoperates at peakefficiency when parkingoccupancy is 85 to 95percent of the supply.As a result, the effective supply is used in analyzing the adequacy ofthe parking system rather than the total supply or inventory of spaces.The following factors affect the efficiency of the parking system:¾ Capacity – Large, scattered surface lots operate less efficientlythan a more compact facility, such as a double-threaded helix,which offers one-way traffic that passes each available parkingspace one time. Moreover, it is more difficult to find theavailable spaces in a widespread parking area than acentralized parking area.¾ Type of users – Monthly or regular parking patrons can find theavailable spaces more efficiently than infrequent visitorsbecause they are familiar with the layout of the parking facilityand typically know where the spaces will be available whenthey are parking.¾ On-street vs. off-street – On-street parking spaces are lessefficient than off-street spaces due to the time it takes patrons tofind the last few vacant spaces. In addition, patrons aretypically limited to one side of the street at a time and oftenmust parallel park in traffic to use the space. Many times onstreet spaces are either not striped or are signed in a confusingmanner, thereby leading to lost spaces and frustrated parkingpatrons.Table 3: Effective Supply RatiosParking DescriptionPublic On-StreetPublic Off-StreetPrivate Off-StreetEffectiveSupplyFactor85%90%95%Source: Walker Parking Consultants9

BROAD RIPPLE VILLAGEPARKING SUPPLY/DEMAND AND ALTERNATIVES ANALYSISAUGUST 3, 2007For this analysis, we applied a general effective supply factor of 85percent for all on-street spaces, 95 percent for all private off-streetspaces and 90 percent for all public off-street spaces.Table 4 details the weekday effective parking supply by area. A totalof 312 spaces, or about eight percent of the total supply, constitutesthe effective supply cushion on a weekday.Effective SupplyWeekdayCushion8%Table 4: Weekday Parking Inventory and Effective Parking Cushion9943625454312- EffectiveSupply1,0314137488373853,414Source: Walker Parking ConsultantsEffectiveSupply92%WeekendTable 5 shows the effective parking supply for a weekend period,broken down by area. A total of 339 spaces, or about nine percentof the total supply, make up the effective supply cushion on aweekend.Cushion9%Table 5: Weekend Parking Inventory and Effective Parking -Cushion9943776456339 ly91%Source: Walker Parking ConsultantsSource: Walker Parking ConsultantsThe small variation between a weekday and weekend period are dueto the change in classification of the off-street parking supply; fromPrivate to Public parking.10

BROAD RIPPLE VILLAGEPARKING SUPPLY/DEMAND AND ALTERNATIVES ANALYSISAUGUST 3, 2007PARKING DEMANDWe evaluated the parking patterns in the study area by conductingvehicle occupancy counts on a weekday and a weekend evening.Occupancy counts were collected for all on- and off-street parkingndthspaces on Friday, June 22 and Tuesday, June 26 .The weekday occupancy counts were started on the north end of thestudy area at 10:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., 2:00 p.m., 4:00 p.m., and6:00 p.m. Weekend counts were similarly conducted at 7:00 p.m.,9:00 p.m., 11:00 p.m., and 1:00 a.m.Taken as a whole, the current parking occupancy rate in the studyarea is approximately 51 percent during business hours on a weekdayand approximately 63 percent on a weekend.The parkingoccupancy rate is calculated by dividing the total number of observedparked vehicles by the total parking capacity.Figure 2 shows the observed occupancy counts for the weekday.Peak parking occupancy was recorded around 12:00 p.m. and 6:00p.m. with about 51 percent of the spaces occupied.Figure 2: Broad Ripple Weekday Occupancy LevelsSupply – 3,726 Spaces100%3,500Parking 10:00 AM12:00 PM2:00 PM4:00 PM6:00 PMOccupancy (#)1,5901,8851,6951,6231,883Occupancy (%)43%51%45%44%51%0%Peak weekdayoccupancy wasobserved at around12:00 p.m. and againaround 6:00 p.m.Source: Walker Parking ConsultantsFigure 3 quantifies the observed occupancy counts for Friday evening.On a non-event weekend night peak parking occupancy is found tooccur at approximately 11:00 p.m.11

BROAD RIPPLE VILLAGEPARKING SUPPLY/DEMAND AND ALTERNATIVES ANALYSISAUGUST 3, 2007Figure 3: Broad Ripple Weekend Occupancy LevelsSupply – 3,726 Spaces100%3,500Parking Occupancy3,00080%2,50060%2,0001,50040%1,00020%Peak weekendoccupancy wasobserved on aweekend at around11:00 p.m.50007:00 PM9:00 PM11:00 PM1:00 AMOccupancy (#)2,0212,1252,3542,227Occupancy (%)54%57%63%60%0%Source: Walker Parking ConsultantsThe overall peak occupancy level does not in itself indicate a shortageof parking. However, when we look at the individual blocks that makeup the study area, we see that there are several blocks that experienceparking occupancy well above levels that indicate parking is an issueduring peak demand periods.Table 6 details the observed peak weekday parking occupancy on ablock-by-block basis and Table 7 details the peak weekend parkingoccupancy observations on a block-by-block basis. The blockshighlighted in red indicate occupancy of 85 percent or greater, whichindicates parking was difficult to find or full. Orange highlightsindicate parking occupancy levels between 70 and 84 percent;yellow indicates parking occupancy levels between 60 and 69percent; and green indicates parking occupancy levels below 59percent.We see that there are several blocks experiencingoccupancy above 85 percent during peak weekend conditions.Many blocks exceeded the actual parking capacity with vehiclesparking in non-spaces.Following the two tables are maps overlaying the data on the studyarea. This graphically shows where parking is most problematic anduseful in determining where the parking issues are located.12

BROAD RIPPLE VILLAGEPARKING SUPPLY/DEMAND AND ALTERNATIVES ANALYSISAUGUST 3, 2007Table 6: Observed Weekday Peak Hour (12:00PM) Occupancy by ABBBBBBBBBBCCDDCDDCCCDDDEEEEEEInventory Occupancy Occupancy ,88551%Occupancy Level85% or greater70%-84%60-69%Occupancy 59% or lessOnly one block experiencedparking occupancy above 85percent during the peakweekday hour.Source: Walker Parking Consultants, Data Collection – June 200713

BROAD RIPPLE VILLAGEPARKING SUPPLY/DEMAND AND ALTERNATIVES ANALYSISAUGUST 3, 2007Table 7: Observed Weekend Peak Hour (11:00PM) Occupancy by BlockBlock 1614037323410952772,354Occupancy %90%15%61%109%33%100%73%144%88%63%Occupancy Level85% or greater70%-84%60-69%Occupancy 59% or lessSixteen blocks experiencedparking occupancy above 85percent during the peakweekday hour. Manyexperienced parkingexceeding 100 percent dueto patrons parking in “non”spaces.Source: Walker Parking Consultants, Data Collection – June 200714

BROAD RIPPLE VILLAGEPARKING SUPPLY/DEMAND AND ALTERNATIVES ANALYSISAUGUST 3, 2007Figure 4: Weekday Parking Occupancy (12:00 p.m.)Only block20experiencedparkingoccupancyabove 85percent duringthe peakweekday hour.Occupancy Level85% or greater70%-84%60-69%Occupancy 59% or less15

BROAD RIPPLE VILLAGEPARKING SUPPLY/DEMAND AND ALTERNATIVES ANALYSISAUGUST 3, 2007Figure 5: Weekend Parking Occupancy (11:00 p.m.)Occupancy Level85% or greater70%-84%60-69%Occupancy 59% or less16

BROAD RIPPLE VILLAGEPARKING SUPPLY/DEMAND AND ALTERNATIVES ANALYSISAUGUST 3, 2007PEAK OCCUPANCY BY ZONEOverall, the peak occupancy occurred during the 11:00 p.m. counton a weekend, with 63 percent occupancy. While this alone do

Broad Ripple Village is a unique destination located within Indianapolis, Indiana. The area is known for its diverse street life, including unique boutiques, restaurants, hair salons, and an active . Key terrain features in the study area include the Central Canal, which runs east/west, and generally divides the study area into a northern