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CRC HandbookofChemistry and PhysicsA Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical DataEditbr-ih-ehiefDavid R. Lide, Ph.D. :' '-.,. Forrner Director,.Standard Reference Data v: 'si; . National Institute of Standards and Technology );. "!v:Technische' Universitat Darmstadt;FACHBEREIGH' 10 — BIOLOGIE:;:.iv. ".'i7 ' ' ' a' SchnittspahnstraBe'ioD-64287i6ar,msta,d,t' : u ' .lnv.-Nr.4W2.". . 1;CRC PressBoca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.'

TABLE OF CONTENTSSECTION 1: BASIC CONSTANTS, UNITS, AND CONVERSION FACTORSFundamental Physical Constants.'.;.: :;.'.,.1-1Standard Atomic Weights (1995)!.,. . . .; . :.V'.-.: :.:.::.: .:.:::.;i-7Atomic Masses and Abundances.:. . .:.1-10 Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State;.-.'.'.!'.!.'.'. 1-13International Temperature Scale of 199G (ITS-90):. . .:.:.':.:.'::. ::. .'.'.::.".'. .1-15Conversion of Temperatures from the 1948 and 1968 Scales to ITS-90 .'.:.;.'. .:'.]:.:!.:International System of Units (SI).-.;.:'.:. :.:.:.: .':.:.;:::.'.::.;.'.;1-171-19Conversion Factors.:.;:.;1-24:./.:.-.'.: .'.'.,;.-1Conversion of Temperatures. . .-.-.". .:. -.:.;.:; .;:.:.:./:;:.;.'.:.'.„;. 1 : 32rConversion Factors-for Energy Units.-.-.-.- .'. ::.,.'.; 1-331Conversion Factors for Pressure-Units.-.".- i.:.,.-.':.::.'.:.-.1-34Conversion Factors for Thermal Conductivity Units .'.'. .:.;.:.'.'.!:.:!'.-.,.;. :.'. 1-35Conversion Factors for Electrical Resistivity Units1-36Conversion Factors for Chemical Kinetics'.".1-37Conversion Factors-for Ionizing Radiation .\v.: .:.'.;;.;.:.:.1-38Values of the Gas Constant in Different Unit Systems'.'.1.'.'.'.:. 1-40SECTION 2: SYMBOLS, TERMINOLOGY, AND NOMENCLATURESymbols and Terminology for Physical and Chemical Quantities'Nomenclature of Chemical Compounds:Nomenclature for Inorganic Ions-and Ligands!.:.:'.Organic Substituent Groups and Ring Systems.?.'.;.;.;.' Scientific Abbreviations and Symbols.:.:.- ::.:.-.Greek, Russian,- and Hebrew Alphabets:.Definitions of Scientific TermsSECTION 3: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDSPhysical Constants of Organic Compounds:\.Structure Diagrams for Table of Physical Coristants'Synonym'Index of Organic Compounds.'.Molecular Formula Index ofjOrganic Compounds:CAS Registry Number Index of Organic CompoundsDiamagnetic Susceptibility of Selected Organic Compounds.-.:.„.'.2-1'.:. 2-22.'.:.2-23'.::.'. 2-25:.' .2-292-372-38,.'.,.:.'.;.„.:.V3-13-331'. . .'.'. 3-5863-631'.3-709'. .'3-737SECTION 4: PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDSThe Elements.;.:'.::.:. 4-1Physical Coristants of Inorganic Compounds. . .:4-35Synonym Index of Inorganic Compounds.;.'.'.'. 4-99CAS Registry Number Index of Inorganic Compounds. .\.'.'.'.'.4-105Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals,.-.'.: ;'.:.4-112Melting, Boiling, and Critical Temperatures of the Elements;.'.:.;4-122Heat Capacity of the Elements at 25 G .v.:.:.:4-123Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements:.::.4-124Density of Molten Elements and Representative Salts.;.'.'.4-127Magnetic Susceptibility of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds.;!. 4-131Index of Refraction of Inorganic Liquids.:.,.'.:.:.'.„. r 4-137Physical and Optical Properties of Minerals.-. .::.4-139Crystallographic Data on Minerals.:.'.:4-146

SECTION 5: THERMOCHEMISTRY, ELECTROCHEMISTRY, AND KINETICSCODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics5-1Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances:.:.;.;.:. .-. .?.:;.'.-5-4Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature .:.:. .:.f.,,.-.,.;,.5-6lThermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Systems.: .,.,.:.;.,5T85Heat of Combustion.}. .:./.„.!.,.,.,.„. 5-89Standard KC1 Solutions for Calibrating Conductivity Cells.;.,5-90Molar Conductivity of Aqueous HF, HC1, HBr, and HI;;. .: .,.„.: .,,.,,.,.,.-.,„.,.5r91Equivalent Conductivity of Electrolytes in Aqueous Solution.:.-.;.;. .'.-.5-93Ionic Conductivity and Diffusion at Infinite Dilution:.:.:.A:\.5-94Activity Coefficients of Acids, Bases, and Saltsv . ;.,. v ,v,. i . 5-96Mean Activity Coefficients of.Electrolytes as a Function of Concentration.;. .,.5-98Enthalpy of Dilution of Acids./ . ;.-.;.!,.,.:. 5 T 103.Enthalpy of Solution of Electrolytes:;.,.,.„.;.,.,.;.,. 5-104.Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling.:., . : .,.,.;.:.;.5-105SECTION 6: FLUID PROPERTIESThermodynamic Properties of AirProperties of Water in the Range 0-100 CEnthalpy of Vaporization of Water 7Fixed Point Properties of H 2 O a n d D 2 O . .„;.v.: v .-.Thermal Conductivity of Saturated H 2 O and D 2 OStandard Density of Water*.Properties of Ice and Supercooled WaterVolumetric Properties of Aqueous Sodium Chloride SolutionsDensity of D 2 O .*. ,,,r.,.;.,., .,.: .:.:.[.:.,.,.v.i:.;,.;.,. ,6 1:.:.,6-3.6-3.: r.:;. /,.,.j::r:z.*.: .„. / .t. .,.-.-.*:. '. . 6-4.;.,.,.,,;.:.,,.;.,,.,.;.,-. ,., 6-4;. .v. v .;.:.:.6r5.,.;,.„.,.,. -.6-6.,.,.:.6-8.;.:.,.,.,,.,.,.?.:.:? . .:. 6-9.Vapor Pressure of Ice. .;.:.:. 6-9Vapor Pressure of Water from 0 to 370 C;:.,.,.;.,.-.v.v.:.,.;:.,,;.:.,-.6- .10Boiling Point of Water at Various Pressures6-12Melting Point of Ice as a Function of Pressure.,.:. .:,6-12Properties of Water and Steam as a Function of Temperature and Pressure.,.;.:. 6-13Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Water at Various Frequencies.:6-15Thermophysical Properties of Fluids:.-.6-16Virial Coefficients of Selected Gases.:.: 6-25Van der Waals Constants for Gases.,;.6-45Mean Free Path and Related Properties of Gases::: :.6-46Influence of Pressure on Freezing Points.L6-47Critical Constants .0;.-.:.'.:.-.'.".:.:. :.: 6-48-Sublimation Pressure of Solids:6-61.Vapor Pressure'.;. . .:. -.i-.-.-.6"-64viVapor Pressure of Fluids at Temperatures below 300 K. . ,6-92Vapor Pressure of Saturated Salt Solutions,.-.-.,.,.'. : 6-103IUPAC Recommended Data for Vapor Pressure Calibration.\.".-.:6-104Enthalpy of alpy of Fusion.;6-121i:.Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Liquid Density.-.-.i.6-136Properties of Cryogenic Fluids:.,-.-.r.-.:.:.:.'.?.'. .- 6 - 1 3 8Halocarbon Refrigerants,.,.;.:.„.!.,.:.'.:. ::.-. 6-139Density and Specific Volume of Mercury.:-.;.:. .:.,.;.-. . . .::.:.6-142Thermal Properties of Mercury;,.;.:.'.:;; . .". 6-143Surface Tension of Common Liquids.:.- 6-144, Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Liquids.-.„6-148Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Gases;.,6-171

Azeotropic Data for Binary MixturesViscosity of Gases;Viscosity of Liquids.;:.,:.,. .,.:.;., .-.-.: . : .Thermal Conductivity.of Gases. : . ; . : . ; .,. : . v ,Thermal Conductivity of LiquidsDiffusion in Gases.'.,.'. ,Diffusion of Gases in Water.,.,Diffusion Coefficients in Liquids at Infinite Dilution. .-.;.;.,.;.:.".-,;.:.'. .: . ' .;.'.„ . .".:.:.'.::. . 6-173 .::.: .:: ;.:: '6-177. .?.;.v:.:.;i. 6-179,.-.:.:.,.;. 6-184,:.:;. 6-186. :. .-.;. 6-188:.: 6-190. .:.-. .: :-. 6-191SECTION 7: BIOCHEMISTRY,Properties of Amino Acids-,.'.7-1 Structures of Common Aminq Acids :: :.:.'. .'.'7-3Properties of Purine and Pyrimidine Bases,-. :.i-. .;.:.".;. 7-4The Genetic Code7-5' Properties of Fatty Acids.:.:.„ :.'. :.' ;.-.'.;:. .7-6Carbohydrate Names and Symbols'.:. 7-7; Biological Buffers,.,.A-. .7-9Typical pH Values of Biological Materials and Foods.'. :. 7-10 Chemical Composition of the Human Body;.:. 7-11;SECTION 8: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.Preparation of Special Analytical Reagents., ,.;.8-1Standard Solutions of Acids, Bases, and Salts:;.:.8-5'Standard Solutions of Oxidation and Reduction Reagents.;;. -.:.".; 8-7Organic Analytical.Reagents for the Determination of Inorganic Substances.'. . . 8-8. Acid-Base Indicators.„.:.,8-16Fluorescent Indicators TT.,; 8-19Conversion Formulas for Concentration of Solutions.,:.'.8-20Electrochemical Series.;. -. .:::.;.: 8-21Reduction and Oxidation Potentials for Certain Ion Radicals,.:8-32pH Scale for Aqueous Solutions.,.-. .:.,. . :.;.;.:.'. 8-35Practical pH Measurements on Natural Waters .:.8-41Buffer Solutions Giving Round Values of pH at 25 C;.,-.:. 8-43Dissociation Constants of Inorganic' Acids and Bases.;.v8-44Dissociation Constants of Organic Acids and Bases, .;.-.8-46Concentrative Properties of Aqueous Solutions: Density, Refractive Index, Freezing Point'Depression, and Viscosity .„.'. ;.:.'.:.'. 8-57-Ion Product of Water Substance.'.-.,:.;8-84Ionization Constant of Normal and Heavy Water,'.;.'8-85Solubility of Selected Gases in Water. .,,.:. .'.;. 8-86Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Water at Various Temperatures and Pressures.8-90Aqueous Solubility and Henry's Law Constants of Organic Compounds.8-91Aqueous Solubility of Inorganic Compounds at Various Temperatures.:;.:. 8-102Solubility Product Constants.'.,,::.8-111Solubility of Common Salts at Ambient Temperatures.'. 8-115Solubility Chart:,8-116Reduction of Weighings in Air to Vacuo.'.8-119Volume of One Gram of Water.„.,.,.-.-„,;.;.:.:. 8-119Properties of Carrier Gases for Gas Chromatography,.8-120Solvents for Ultraviolet Spectrqphotometry'.;.".:.8-12113C Chemical Shifts of Useful NMR Solvents.,,:.,.;.' 8-122Mass Spectral Peaks of Common Organic Solvents!.-.-.-.::. 8-123

SECTION 9: MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND SPECTROSCOPYBond Lengths in Crystalline Organic CompoundsBond Lengths and Angles in Gas-Phase MoleculesDipdle Moments of.Molecules in the Gas PhaseStrengths of Chemical Bonds;Electronegativity:;Force Constants for Bond Stretching:'.: . Fundamental Vibrational Frequencies of Small MoleculesSpectroscopic Constants of Diatomic MoleculesInfrared Correlation ChartsNuclear Spins; Moments, and Other Data Related to NMR SpectroscopyProton NMR Chemical Shifts for Characteristic Organic Structures13C NMR Absorptions of Major Functional Groups'.; '.;'.:.'SECTION 10: ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICSLine Spectra of the Elements:NIST Atomic Transition Probability TablesElectron Affinities,, :.:Atomic and Molecular PolarizabilitiesIonization Potentials of Atoms and Atomic IonsIonization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules.;.'X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels.Electron Binding Energies of the ElementsNatural Width of X-Ray LinesIT.Photon Attenuation Coefficients.;Classification of Electromagnetic RadiationBlack Body Radiation. Characteristics of Infrared Detectors".Refractive Index and Transmittance of Representative GlassesIndex of Refraction of Water,Index of Refraction of Liquids for Calibration Purposes,Index of Refraction of Air'.Characteristics of Laser Sources'.Infrared-Laser Frequencies'.Infrared and Far-Infrared Absorption Frequency StandardsSECTION 11: NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICSSummary Tables of Particle PropertiesTable of the IsotopesNeutron Scattering and Absorption PropertiesCosmic Radiation . ;'.; -.:9-19-159-429-511.9-75. 10-175.:. 10-17810-19610-200.:10-20610-207:. 10-21210-21410-21610-21710-21810-219'. 10-22010-22110-22810-23611-111-5011-15911-176::-. iSECTION 12: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDSTechniques for Materials CharacterizationSymmetry of Crystals;Ionic Radii in Crystals„,Polarizability of Atoms and Ions in SolidsCrystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of Allotropes of the ElementsLattice Energies. . .The Madelung Constant and Crystal Lattice EnergyElastic Constants of Single CrystalsElectrical Resistivity of Pure MetalsElectrical Resistivity of Selected Alloys;:12-112-712-14— 12-1712-1912-2212-3612-3712-4512-48