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Oracle Database Server 12cPros and ConsHans ForbrichForbrich Consulting LtdOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Oracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Based in Alberta, CanadaOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
FactOracle DB 12c is the largest architecturalchange since Oracle8iOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
FactOracle documentation refers to the nonMulti-Tenant architecture as“Pre-12c”Oracle DB 12c MultiTenant
FactMulti-Tenant is available in ALL Editions ofOracle Database 12c.PersonalEnterpriseStandardOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
FactMulti-Tenant Option is requiredONLY WHEN MULTIPLE PLUGS AREUSEDOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
FactThe changes in commands due to the newMulti-Tenant architecture can take a longtime to become comfortableIf you have been using Oracle DB sinceOracle9i or older, PLAN on 6 months to retrain your fingersOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
FactMulti-Tenant ArchitectureIs the FUTUREGet Used to it NOWOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
SOWhat has changed?AndAre there concerns and benefits?Oracle DB 12c MultiTenant
The way we were Background processes for each instance http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/index.htm Reference Manual, Appendix F99 Background Processes *possible*For Each InstanceOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
The way we were DBA access to the database:Oracle DB 12c MultiTenant
The way we were And verify our database informationOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
The way we were And create a new userOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
New ArchitectureExactly the same – but differentOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
The way we need to be With the new architecture, access ServiceOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Some of the Architecturechanges to think about Single Instance or RAC Cluster Multiple, pluggable, databases One set of redo logs per instance One target standby One undo tablespace per instance One OR more temp tablespacesOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Oracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Services Not necessarily in tnsnames.oraOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Services But each PDB has it’s own serviceOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Reality We use SID everywhere Many of our methods/scripts will break Any applications need to be reviewed Watch for Java, JEE apps using SID Opportunity Convert to Service NOW Decide which to use EZ-Connect, which TNSOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Admin Scripts Many use “/ as sysdba” Use SERVICE to get to correct container Do not use OS Authentication Many new roles: OSBACKUP, OSKM, OSDG Now need to be aware of CON ID Not all actions at all levels Some actions restricted to ROOT Some actions may be performed at PDBOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
One SID to Bind Them One per host?SLAPatchingSGAPGAHuge PagesBackupStandbyOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
One Instance per host We have long wanted ONE instance per host Properly use available resourcesManage memory, CPU, I/O But have had to oversize hosts for peak load And then add more instances to use free space Now this is ‘possible’ But is that a good thing?Oracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Before: Instances Plural !!Many background processes duplicatedDBA manually balances SGA, PGA, etcNo ‘ALTER TO MOUNT’ Shutdown entire instanceOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Now: Instances Likely one per host!! Background processes not duplicated But may have slave processes Or threads Resource manager balances Individual databases Individually started/stoppedOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
ORACLE HOME SLA One HOME one Service Level Agreement Patching Everything in one HOME patched together No proper resource management Intra-Instance ONLYOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Service Level Agreement (SLA) The Service Level Agreement is a formal(documented) or informal (discussed)agreement related to UptimeMaintenance Down timeUnscheduled Down time responsePatch level, patch frequencyOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Before: SLA We basically used ORACLE HOME toimplement one SLA Multiple Instances in same HOME – IF they can (must be) patched together Often one HOME one Application Tricky to administerOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Now: SLA We basically used Instance to implementone SLA Multiple Databases in same Instance - IFthey can (must be) patched together One Database one Application? But potentially costly toadministerOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Before: Patching Many patches required some down time Especially non-RAC Stop instanceApply patchTest patchMake instance available againOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Now: Patching It may be possible to *move* thePluggable Database (PDB) to anotherinstance during the patch process, andthen restore it after patch Minimize down timeOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Shared Global Area (Memory) SGA Multi-tenant does not significantly save onSGA, as compared to multiple instances New SGA size Σ Individual SGA Need to size Memory & Semaphoresbased on possible maximum utilization toavoid restart entire instance May impact kernel configuration Interaction with Sys AdminsOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Process Global Area (Memory) PGA Theoretically fewer processes Same number of user processes Duplicate background processes eliminated However, these are all in ONE instance Need to look at PGA AGGREGATE TARGET May need to manually manage moresessionsOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Huge Pages (Memory) The SGA is now potentially much bigger There is NO reason to avoid Huge PagesExcept thatAutomatic Memory Management is notcompatible with Huge PagesOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Impact on Tuning Simple Tuning involves ONE SQLstatement in isolation Advanced (and recommended) Tuninginvolves one or more SQL concurrentstatements, and interactionsOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Impact on Tuning One huge tuning problem has been theimpact of non-visible resources oninstance resources Other instances Other applications Multi-tenant should reduce the instancesand make advanced tuning potentiallysimpler.Oracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Backup Why do we back up? RecoverySecond copyArchive With pluggable databases, we may wantto re-think the purpose of backupsOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Backup differences Multi-tenant allows backup of Entire Container Database (CDB) Root only RMAN: BACKUP DATABASE ROOT; One, or more, Pluggable Databases RMAN: BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE HR, ; Many backup strategies will need to berethoughtOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Backup Differences The REDO Logs are common to all PDBs Need to think about ArchiveLog backupwhen backing up individual PDBs Use Backup Optimization to include onlythose ArchiveLogs that are needed Backup *all* ArchiveLogs as a completelyseparate job? Recovery Catalog HIGHLY recommendedOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
StandBy and High Availability RAC is fully compatible with Multi-tenant Even better, as RAC already thinks ‘services’ Data Guard is another matter One standby for Container As of 12.1.0.2 ‘CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE’includes a STANDBYS ALL NONEOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Enterprise Manager EM Express Too light? Suitable for quick DBA checks Cloud Control 12c Significant time investment to get started But worth it!Oracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Enterprise Manager Cloud Control Cloud Control 12c (12.1.0.4) is aware ofMulti-TenantOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
OEM CC Monitor and manage Instance & ClusterMonitor and manage CDB ROOTMonitor and manage PDBsCreate, Move, Destroy PDBs Everything can be scriptedOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Oracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Oracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Cloud Control I would not want to run a multi-tenantenvironment without Oracle EnterpriseManager 12c Cloud Control 12.1.0.4 Core is included with DB license Good graphical overview EM CLI will become very importantOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Conclusion Multi-tenant is a significant architecturalchange It IS the future and NOW is the time to getstarted There are lots of things to look at, thinkabout and worry about Reference the Concepts Manual, Chapters17,18 and Administrator’s Guide, Chapters36-46 http://docs.oracle.comOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Questions?Oracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Thank YouHans .forbrichcomputing.comOracle DB 12c MultiTenant
Oracle Database 12c . Personal Enterprise Standard . Oracle DB 12c MultiTenant Fact Multi-Tenant Option is required ONLY WHEN MULTIPLE PLUGS ARE USED . Oracle DB 12c MultiTenant Fact The changes in commands due to the new Multi-Tenant architecture can take a long . Manage memory, CPU, I/O
