Transcription
32-Bit MicroprocessorStudent Workbook91577-00Edition 4 3091577000000
FOURTH EDITIONFourth Printing, June 2009Copyright June, 2003 Lab-Volt Systems, Inc.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded, orotherwise, without prior written permission from Lab-Volt Systems, Inc.Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent acommitment on the part of Lab-Volt Systems, Inc. The Lab-Volt FACET software and othermaterials described in this document are furnished under a license agreement or a nondisclosureagreement. The software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of theagreement.ISBN 978-0-86657-219-4Lab-Volt and FACET logos are trademarks of Lab-Volt Systems, Inc.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Other trademarks and tradenames may be used in this document to refer to either the entity claiming the marks and names ortheir products. Lab-Volt System, Inc. disclaims any proprietary interest in trademarks and tradenames other than its own.
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THIS PAGE IS SUPPOSE TO BE BLANKTable of ContentsUnit 1 – Trainer Familiarization .1Exercise 1 – Introduction to the Trainer .5Exercise 2 – Operating the Trainer .8Unit 2 – Bus Operations .11Exercise 1 – Bus States .15Exercise 2 – 32-Bit Bus Transfers .17Exercise 3 – Read and Write Cycles .19Exercise 4 – CPU Initialization.21Unit 3 – Memory Interfacing .23Exercise 1 – Memory Control Signals .28Exercise 2 – Memory Address Decoding.30Exercise 3 – Memory Data Transfers.32Unit 4 – I/O Interfacing .35Exercise 1 – DAC and ADC Ports .38Exercise 2 – PPI and Keypad Interface.40Exercise 3 – Display and Serial Port.42Unit 5 – Interrupt Processing.45Exercise 1 – Non-maskable Interrupts .53Exercise 2 – Maskable Interrupts.55Exercise 3 – Exceptions .58Unit 6 – Programming: Addressing Modes .61Exercise 1 – Immediate and Register Addressing Modes.68Exercise 2 – Memory Addressing Modes - I .70Exercise 3 – Memory Addressing Modes - II .72Unit 7 – Programming: 80386 Instructions .75Exercise 1 – Instruction Formats - I.78Exercise 2 – Instruction Formats - II.80Exercise 3 – Using the 80386 CPU Instructions - I .82Exercise 4 – Using the 80386 CPU Instructions - II.84i
Unit 8 – Troubleshooting.87Exercise 1 – Troubleshooting Basics .89Exercise 2 – 32-Bit Microprocessor Troubleshooting .90Unit 9 – Microprocessor Applications (Optional).91Exercise 1 – Application Board Familiarization.96Exercise 2 – DC Motor Control .98Exercise 3 – Temperature Control .100Appendix A – Safety . A-iiii
IntroductionThis Student Workbook provides a unit-by-unit outline of the Fault Assisted Circuits forElectronics Training (FACET) curriculum.The following information is included together with space to take notes as you move through thecurriculum. The unit objectiveUnit fundamentalsA list of new terms and words for the unitEquipment required for the unitThe exercise objectivesExercise discussionExercise notesThe Appendix includes safety information.iii
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32-Bit MicroprocessorUnit 1 – Trainer FamiliarizationUNIT 1 – TRAINER FAMILIARIZATIONUNIT OBJECTIVEUpon completion of this unit, you will be able to locate and describe the various components onyour circuit board, and demonstrate basic trainer functions.UNIT FUNDAMENTALSMicroprocessors have changed virtually every facet of our daily lives. They can be found inoffice, industrial, and personal computers, as well as scientific and medical instrumentation.Even the car you drive may have on-board microprocessors to monitor and control some of theengine and braking functions.A microprocessor, or Central Processing Unit (CPU), is a digital integrated circuit that canperform arithmetic and logic functions and transfer information to and from external devices.The block diagram shows a typical microprocessor system.The support devices that are usually found in a microprocessor circuit include other digitalIntegrated Circuits (ICs) for memory and Input/ Output (I/O) functions.Memory ICs are storage devices that contain information in binary form. Some of thisinformation is in the form of programs, or sets of instructions, for the CPU to execute.The CPU also uses part of the memory to store system information and calculation results. I/Odevices allow the CPU to communicate with the outside world. The CPU in your computer usesan input device to read your commands from the keyboard, and an output device to send text andgraphics information to the screen you are now viewing.Communication between the CPU and memory and I/O devices occurs on groups of connectinglines that are called buses. The binary information travels back and forth on the data bus.1
32-Bit MicroprocessorUnit 1 – Trainer FamiliarizationThe CPU uses the address bus to pinpoint the exact location to which or from which the data istransferred. The size of the buses (number of connecting lines) is a measure of the CPU'sprocessing power.The first microprocessors had a 4-bit data bus. In an output operation, for example, a 4-bit CPUcould only send a number in the range of 0 - 16 (24) in one operation. The CPU could send alarger number by making several successive transf
The 4-bit microprocessor quickly evolved into an 8-bit version, which could send a number as high as 256 (28) in one operation. The next generation developed a 16-bit data bus. The 80386 microprocessor on your circuit board is a 32-bit device. The largest number it can send is 4,294,967,296 (232).
