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Tula Technology’sDynamic Skip FireSeptember 28, 2016 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda What is Dynamic Skip Fire (DSF )?TM Development Results Tula – Delphi 4 Cylinder DSF ProjectTM– Initial test results and projections 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.2
Dynamic Skip Fire (DSF) Attributes1. Decision to “Fire” or “Skip” is made before each cylinder event Allows the most immediate response to driver torque request2. Enabled by individual cylinder deactivation3. The resulting “firing density” varies between 0% and 100%, as opposed to switching between half and full engine134213421342134213421342134213421342Numberof 42.28267FiringOpportunities57% “Firing Density” 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Skip Fire – Fuel Efficiency BenefitHow does DSF improve fuel efficiency?1. Reduction of pumping losses2. Higher thermodynamic efficiency– Optimum combustion conditions even at low loads– Low load IMEP COV improved3. DCCO – shuts off all cylinders during deceleration– Eliminates catalyst re-fueling penalty compared to fuel-only shutoff strategy– Reduces pumping compared to conventional strategies, enabling longer events4. Fast torque control– Reduces or eliminates spark retard during trans shifts, etc 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tula V8 Test Vehicle Designed a unique cylinderdeactivation system to allow controlof all valves and cylinders Created a complete control systemto operate in all-cylinder or DSFmode Invented a controls-based NVHmanagement system 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.5
DSF Results – U.S. EPA Drive Cycles*Tula 6.2L Yukon Denali17% FE Improvement9.0% FE ImprovementVSS (kph)US CityUS(City)US Hot18Hot18(City)6.1% FE ImprovementUSUS 5000200200 400400 600600 800800 10001000 12001200 14001400TimeTime (s)(s)00200200400400TimeTime (s)(s)00600600100100100100505050505050MAP (kPa)100100% Operation00200200 400400 600600 800800 10001000 12001200 14001400Time(s)Time (s)00200200400400TimeTime 10104030302020101000002020406080406080FiringFiring DensityDensity (%)(%)10010000002020406080406080FiringFiring DensityDensity (%)(%) 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.1001000000100100200200300300 400400TimeTime (s)(s)500500600600100100200200300300 400400Time(s)Time (s)5005006006002020406080406080FiringFiring DensityDensity (%)(%)100100* Idle excluded – stop-start assumed
Weighted Engine Out Emissions - Hot 18Tula Yukon DSF 6.2L V814400V8Tula DSF35012300Emissions (g/km)Emissions (g/km)108625020015041002050THCCONO xDSF produces carryover emissionsrelative to base engine operation 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.0CO2 while improvingCO2 by 17%7
Tula’s NVH control approachISO 2601 Human Body Sensitivity10W d - Fore-aft vibrationW k - Vertical vibrationSensitivity/Gain Low frequencies and high peak amplitudes causeunacceptable vibration Frequency of excitation depends on engine speedand sequence of fires/skips Tula proactively manages the engine firingsequence Subjective and objective evaluations are used todeliver production benchmark NVH10.10.010.1 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.110frequency, Hz1008
Example: Driver’s Seat VibrationV8 engine, 3rd gear, 25% pedal acceleration, in z directionOptimized DSF with transitionsWk weighted vibrationProduction Calibration V8 modeDSFProductionCalibrationDSF proactively manages NVH at the source 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Resonance Avoidance for Cabin BoomV8 engine, 3rd gear, 14% pedal, constant road speed, driver’s left earOptimized DSF patternSound Pressure LevelSound Pressure LevelResonance avoidance off (FD 50%)ProductionCalibrationDSFDSF proactively avoids vehicle resonances 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tula & Delphi 4 Cylinder DSF Program Objective: Prove fuel economy benefits of DSF on smaller, boosted engines A collaborative effort with Delphi– VW Jetta 1.8L Turbocharged GDi engine– Delphi EMS with integrated Tula DSF controls– Delphi Cylinder Deactivation HardwareSpecificationsEngine Displacement1.8L TSI Test Weight Class3625 lb.(1644 kg)Transmission6 speed ATTiptronicSULEVTailpipe Emissions2015 Volkswagen Jetta SEL 1.8L TCEA888 - Generation 3 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.EvaporativeEmissionsZero EvapProjected DSF FuelEconomyImprovement8 - 10%11
DSF in action 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.12
4-Cylinder DSF Fuel Economy ImprovementProjected with Optimized Passive NVH Mitigation HWDSF Projected FE Gains for Various DriveCycles2000 RPM17% improvement in FE at 2.5 bar BMEPFE Gain over Turbo GDi Baseline (%)1210.910.51089.18.87.76.86420Fuel Economy improves substantially on alldrive cycles, while maintaining production NVH 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.Drive Cycle13
Impact of eDSF electric Dynamic Skip Fire couples DSF with vehicleelectrification DSF flyzone is enhanced with P0/1/2 electric machine Synergies between electrification and DSF improve projectedP0 system efficiency to 12% over baseline GTDI engineBaseline: no electric motoreDSF electric mitigation, 0.7kW 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
DSF 4 Cylinder Value Propositions30% 40/% 60/%Fuel Economy Improvement (%)25%48V eDSF optimizedpassive HW, 1,390 , 23%48V Hybrid DSF optimized passive HW, 1,360 , 20%48V Hybrid 2-Mode optimized passive HW, 1,180 , 16%20%15% 100/%DSF optimized passiveHW, 360 , 9%10%48V 12kW Hybrid eboost, 1,000 , 11%2-Mode optimizedpassive HW, 180 , 5%5%Hybridization0% - 2001.8L 4-Cyl TGDI, 6AT, VVT, S/S 400 600 800 1,000OEM On-Cost ( ) 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. 1,200 1,400 1,60015
Summary Significant fuel efficiency gains for spark ignited engines at a compellingcost Production level NVH, drivability and emissions Excellent potential for future efficiency gains– Electrification– Advanced combustion concepts Tula welcomes evaluation of our Technology!– Four-cylinder vehicle will be at the Aachen Colloquium on October 11th, 12th– Evaluation will also be possible in Plymouth, MI and/or San Jose, CAA simple, unique and game changing technology 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
ContactTula Technology2460 Zanker RoadSan Jose, CAMatthew Younkinsmatthew@tulatech.com 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
- VW Jetta 1.8L Turbocharged GDi engine - Delphi EMS with integrated Tula DSF controls - Delphi Cylinder Deactivation Hardware 2015 Volkswagen Jetta SEL 1.8L TC EA888 - Generation 3 Specifications . Drive Cycle DSF Projected FE Gains for Various Drive Cycles 13
