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1INTRODUCTION TOAPPLIED BEHAVIORANALYSIS (ABA)PART 1THIS TRAINING PROGRAM IS BASED ON THE REGISTEREDBEHAVIOR TECHNICIAN TASK LIST AND IS DESIGNED TO MEET THE40-HOUR TRAINING REQUIREMENT FOR THE RBT CREDENTIAL.THE PROGRAM IS OFFERED INDEPENDENT OF THE BACB. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post,upload, reproduce, republish, transmit or distribute this material in whole or part, without advancewritten permission from HHABA, P.C.

What to expect2 TRAININGOBJECTIVES:What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)What is Behavior?Define EnvironmentFunction vs TopographyFunctions of behavior 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

3 When going into the family’s homesfor the first time, keep in mind theremay be cultural differences.WHAT TOEXPECT In the Muslim culture, women are notallowed to shake any man’s hands otherthan their husbands. In some Asian cultures, families mayrequire you to take your shoes off uponarrival. Respect the families and their cultureeven if they are different from yours. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

WHAT TO EXPECT When you enter the home, you are the soleservice provider (SP) for the child. If there is any progress or concern forprograms you are implementing, you areresponsible for relaying that informationto the parents and your supervisor. If there is a concern with a program andyou need help with next stepprogramming, contact your RBTsupervisor for assistance. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload,reproduce, republish, transmit or distribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permissionfrom HHABA, P.C.4

5What is Applied Behavior Analysis?It is a science in which socially significant behavior is analyzed andmodified.How is ABA different from other branches in the field ofpsychology? -It differs from other branches in psychology in that it is a field thatis data driven and is concerned only with that which isobservable and measurable. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

WHAT IS BEHAVIOR?6Behavior is anything that a person says or does. Thisincludes not only actions which are observable andmeasurable, but private events (i.e., thinking) which arenot as observable and measurable as other behaviors(Skinner, 1974). DEAD MAN’S TEST- Anything adead man can’t do is behavior. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy,post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit or distribute this material in whole or part,without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

7 QUESTIONS Is jumping a behavior? Is sleeping a behavior? Is talking a behavior? Is laughing a behavior? Is thinking about what to eat for dinner abehavior? Is losing weight a behavior? 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload,reproduce, republish, transmit or distribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permissionfrom HHABA, P.C.

8 CHECK YOUR ANSWERS!-Is jumping a behavior? Yes!-Is laughing a behavior? Yes!-Is talking a behavior? Yes!-Is sleeping a behavior? Yes!Now for the tricky ones . 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy,post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit or distribute this material in whole or part,without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

9TRICKYQUESTIONS -Is thinking about what you want to eat fordinner a behavior? Yes, but since it is notobservable to anyone else, it is not abehavior we focus on.-Is losing weight a behavior? No, it is theeffect of behavior (e.g., counting calories,exercising), not behavior itself. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

10 ENVIRONMENT The environment is the entire constellation of stimuli in whichan organism exists.This includes events both inside and outsideof an organism, but only real physical events are included. Theenvironment consists of stimuli. A stimulus is an "energychange that affects an organism through its receptor cells.” Astimulus can be described: Topographically by its physical features. Temporally by when they occur in respect to the behavior. Functionally by their effect on behavior. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy,post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit or distribute this material in whole or part,without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

11What are the functionsof behavior?There are 4 basic types of reinforcement thatmaintain behaviors: Attention from another person Escape/Avoidance from a task/demand Access to a tangible item Automatic reinforcement if the activityitself is reinforcing 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy,post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit or distribute this material in whole or part,without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

12 ATTENTIONThis is reinforcement thatinvolves access to someone,or the addition of a socialstimulus, that leads to anincrease in behaviorAttention doesn’t have toonly be positive (e.g., “Goodjob!”). “Negative” attention(e.g., “Stop doing that!”) canbe reinforcing as well. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

1-year-old Billy claps his hands. His parentslaugh. He claps his hands several moretimes.13 EXAMPLESWhen her mother is on the phone, 3-yearold Jenny screams. Jenny’s mother hangs upthe phone and picks her up. Next time sheis on the phone, Jenny screams again.Susan wears a new blouse one day. Theattractive guy at the coffee shop says shelooks nice. She wears that blouse moreoften. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

14AVOIDANCE This is reinforcement thatinvolves escape from oravoidance of an undesirablestimulus Task/demand (e.g., cleaningyour room) Unwanted social stimuli (e.g.,attention) 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

6-year-old Jimmy is scared of his first-gradeteacher. Some mornings, he cries so terriblyhis mother will let him stay home. He hasbegun crying more and more.15 EXAMPLESBeth’s friend will often talk to her on thephone for a very long time. When Beth getstired, she says, “It looks like I have another call.I’ll call you back,” to get off the phone. She hasbegun doing that every time her friend calls.Andy’s mom keeps telling him to eat hisbroccoli. Sometimes he cries; when he does,his mom lets him throw the broccoli away.Andy has begun crying every time he seesbroccoli on his plate. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

This refers to behaviors which aremaintained without reinforcementfrom others. The reinforcement ispresent in the behavior itself.16AUTOMATICREINFORCEMENTBehaviors maintained by automaticreinforcement are sometimes, but notalways, performed alone.Stereotypy, or repetitive behaviorsassociated with a diagnosis of autism,are sometimes, but not always,maintained by automatic reinforcement 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

2-year-old Billy drives his car back and forth whenplaying alone in his room.17 EXAMPLESMaria sings in the shower in the morning.Sitting alone at the table, 3-year-old Abby beginsrocking. Her mother ignores the behavior, but itcontinues at the same rate.After a long day, Alice watches American Idol tounwind.After dinner, Shawn goes down to the basementand works on his jigsaw puzzle while his wifechecks Facebook. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

18 In those examples, only 2 involvedstereotypy!DID YOUNOTICEANYTHING? We often think of children with autismengaging in “self-stimulatory behaviors”(stereotypy), but:All of us engage in behaviors maintained byautomatic reinforcement. What are some more examples ofbehaviors that we do? 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

19ACCESS This is reinforcement that involvesaccess to an item, or the addition of astimulus that leads to an increase inbehavior It differs from attention because thereinforcer involves a thing, not a person. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

Maggie says “Duck! Duck!” Her mothergives Maggie her favorite duck toy. Maggiesays “Duck” more often.20 EXAMPLESJoey is hungry, but the cookies are on a highshelf. He moves a chair and climbs up to getthem. Next time, he does the same thing.Arthur sees a peer playing with his favoritetoy. He bites the peer. When the peer cries,he picks up the toy and plays with it.Dana walks home a new way and sees aJamba Juice. She walks that way more oftenand always stops for a juice. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.

21 EXERCISE:DETERMINETHEFUNCTION:ATTENTION,AVOID, ACCESS,OR AUTOMATICSitting in the bathtub, 1-year-old Susiescreams. Her dad says, “Do you wantyour rubber duck?” and gives her therubber duck. She giggles. Next timeshe takes a bath, she does the samethingMelanie’s neighbor is alwayscomplaining. Melanie tries to leave at adifferent time than her neighbor andtiptoes past her door as quietly as shecan when she comes home. She hasn’tseen her neighbor in weeks and doesthis every time she leaves or enters. 2021 HHABA, P.C. All Material is Proprietary and Confidential, it is unlawful to copy, post, upload, reproduce, republish, transmit ordistribute this material in whole or part, without advance written permission from HHABA, P.C.