WIXLIB

LIVESTOCK PLANNING COMMITTEE REPORTPredatorsboth of these counties to emphasize theneed for good full-time control programs in their county.One big problem affecting predatorcontrol in Yamhill County is the factthat Washington County, on the north,is without any organized program atthe present time for the control of predators. The county trapper in the pasthas had considerable trouble along theWashington County line and will con-Another point brought out was thedamage by bears to trees. While thishas not been a problem of livestockfolks, it is a predator problem and onein which all counties are concerned. Theneed for the control of bears might helpto justify having a trapper in some ofthose counties that do not have them ona full-time basis.The county trapper pointed out thatthe use of poison had helped in controlling fox and coyote and that its useshould be continued under strict super-tinue to have trouble unless the vulnerable area can be covered completely.On the south, Polk Coas atrapper only part time during the year.Those who live on the southern borderof the county have had difficulty withcoyotes coming in from that area.There is a need for livestock men invision and control.Swinecaused by an organism similar to thatMARKETINGof food rot; for that reason, one shouldOregon is producing 40 per cent ofbe very cautious about the spread ofthe pork that is used here in the Portthese diseases. However, once eitherland area. There is need for a long,one is on the farm, it is very difficultlean hog to help eliminate excess lardto control except by eliminating livethat is hard to sell at the present time.stock for a period during which sunThe committee indicated a carcassshine will be a sure kill. The individualshow is needed to demonstrate variousshould check with a veterinarian intypes of hogs and their conformation.each specific case.There are some new types of hogsAnother disease of hogs is brucellosis.in the county such as Beltsville No. 1It is recommended that where this ocand Montanas, and some selection hascurs, the entire herd should be replacbeen made on some of the older breedsed with clean stock. Another disease,in the county.erasypilas, seen in both turkeys and pigsBesides being the desired quality ofstays in the ground a considerablehog to sell, a leaner type of hog fitslength of time. Cholera, which seemsinto swine use of pasture.to be more of a problem in the centralstates, has occurred in the county, andFEEDINGswine producers should be on constantPasture saves feed and produces awatch for it and be cautious about itscheaper hog. Also, the use of silageis one way of getting forage into thespread. It is stated that cholera livesin meat 90 days. This is the reason forhogs in the winter time. Sows can becooking all garbage that is fed to hogs.fed 10 to 12 pounds per day up to aWorms are a constant problem; thereweek before farrowing. It was reportagain sanitation is important, anded that one operator saved 85 cents onshould be followed with wormicides.each pig with this type of feeding proIn the past, it has been the practicegram. It was also pointed out that theto concentrate the farrowing of pigslitter size can be increased by forageabout two times a year. However, thefeeding.committee feels that multiple farrowing has its advantages, especially ifDISEASE CONTROL PROBLEMSswine enterprise is a main one on theThe greatest disease control problemfarm. It spreads out the use of equipat the present time is rhinitis. It isment and also the marketing. One usconsidered to be approaching the 50ually gets a higher total price for hogsper cent mark on farms in this area.raised if the marketing is spreadIt was pointed out that sanitation wasthroughout the year.very important, and that this disease wasConsumer Educationand get satisfaction from purchase ofproper meat. The sale of whole carcasses for lockers was also recommenda dollar and cents basis, pointing outThe committee recommended that advertising of meat products should be onto the consumer how he can save money6----ed as another way to get more con-

sumption of meat, and perhaps help theconsumer to get more satisfaction frommeat purchases.It was pointed out there are educationmaterials available for schools. TheHome Economics departments in thehigh schols should take advantage ofthis educational meat program. Thereis meat available for this source fromthe National Meat Board.There also is need for more bulletinsto illustrate the correct use of newstoves and electrical appliances to cookmeat properly.Sheepewes. Very high quality rams are desirable since they are considered to be80 to 90 per cent of the flock. WhenA big problem in sheep is black fiberin wool of down breeds. This causesconsiderable loss in the sale of wool;even in handling wool with black fiber,some of it is carried over to wool thatdid not have it originally. The commit-tee pointed out the need for selectionof ewes and rams that do not have anyblack fibers for flock replacement.Especially in rams, the dam of the ramshould be checked for black fibers aswell as the ramWool at present prices is an important part of the income from sheep.DISEASES AND PARASITESFirst, the committee gave consideration to tick control. There are new superior materials that should be used.One of the items is dieldrin. Dieldrincan do a very superior job and withmuch less labor and fuss than dippingsheep.Foot rot is one of the severe nuisances in the sheep business. It takesconsiderable labor to control this problem. One should be very careful toavoid it in purchasing sheep, if possible.However, one of the problems is that itmay not be detected at certain timesand one can bring it on his farm inno-cently Another disease mentioned waslambing paralysis which was thought tobe a management problem.Another disease mentioned was whitemuscle. More research should be doneon this disease, also on nterotoximia,or over-eating disease of lambs. Vaccination is a control for interotoximia.ewes are not tagged it is difficult attimes to tell when they are going tolamb and sometimes trouble results later in the spring. There are many goodknown management practices aboutsheep which, if followed for a longtime, would eliminate many problemsconfronting sheepmen. A small sheepoperator should spend more time look-ing after his sheep; there is room formore sheep on a basis of good care.However, a lack of care by small flockowners is neither good for the industrynor for the individual who has sheep.Another current problem was the failure to get lambs fat for the June market. Creep feeding of lambs was suggested as an aid in avoiding this andreturning the producer more money.It is desirable to sell the lambs before July and sell on a market wherecompetition is active. Otherwise, experience has shown the price receiveddoes not seem fair in all cases. Withlambs, early marketing usually has abig advantage over late marketing.One great problem in the past hasbeen the use of irrigated pasture forfeeding sheep. Irrigated pasture shouldbe used with extreme caution as thereare many problems involved in runningsheep on irrigated pastures that havenot been solved, especially the parasiteproblem.Ewe lambs for replacement shouldbe saved out oflambs.GENERAL MANAGEMENTOF SHEEPWhen general management of sheepwas considered, two items mentioned asimportant was breeding for Januaryand February lambs, and the necessityof using two or three rams per 100earliest well-doingThe committee pointed out that keeping cost of production records on sheepis as important as it is on every othertype of livestock.The fencing law was discussed; it wasdecided there is need for improvementof the fencing laws and fence classifi,cation.BeefDISEASES AND PARASITESFoot rot is also one of the importantdiseases of cattle and there is controlthrough medication. However, beef operators should be ever cautious and concerned With the disease. Items mentioned for control were sulfas and penicillin,as well as blue vitrol walkways whichare quite difficult to operate with cattle.Other important diseases are pneumonia and shipping fever. These havebecome a constant problem to the operators. It sems as though they attackwhenever an animal gets into a weakened condition. Vaccination is recoin-

which is many times a problem, especially on irrigated pastures, can behelped by feeding dry feed. Oil fed tocattle also reduces bloat. Another problem was pink eye, especially in thelight-pigmented cattle. It has not beenfound on the Aberdeen Angus whichhave a black pigment.mended before weaning and before ship-ping, followed with a booster shot infive days.Bangs disease was discussed briefly.The blood test was considered as probably the best program of control. However, some areas are vaccinating calves.This is a must for complete control.Outside breeding was discussed, and itwas thought there was no safe proced-DWARFISMure for outside breeding to prevent thehazard of the spread of disease. In thisDwarfism is another threat to thebeef enterprise.that the purebred beef association inthe United States accept the use ofartificial breeding of beef for 4-H andFFA members. Many times it is noteconomical for members to own a bull,and these youths need a way to getstarted in the business without hazarding the purebred livestock operator orchecked with the profilimiter before pur-It is recommended that all bulls bechase, in order to avoid spreading thisregard, the committee recommendedparticular kind of weakness.Wintering cattle economically in thisarea is a major problem. It was suggested the molasses can be used Withpoor grade hay to winter cattle quitesatisfactorily.It was pointed out that in the futurepractically all steer cattle will be til-their own herds.White muscle disease, in beef wasmentioned and research requested.The big problem with heel flies is toget district-wide or county-wide control.A farmer can control these on his ownbestrol-fed.The tested sire will cause money invested in a herd to go further than almost any other factor. Again the importance of good records was stressed ifcattlemen are to keep ahead.Present trends are toward specialization and larger units. It appears thatto meet competition in production onemust have an economic unit. Trends inlivestock production are shown by thefarm, but is not able to get completecontrol because his cattle will be re-infested by flies from the neighbor cattle.Other problems such as ticks, lice,and common flies can be controlled withregular management program. Bloatfollowing information:LIVESTOCK AND FORAGE TRENDS IN YAMBILL COUNTYItemBeef CowsNumbersSwineNumber of FarmsSowsAU SheepNumber of 2616,98916,86317,000flay31,446Total AcresTotal Production (tons) 68,583SilageGrass-AcresPastureCrop Land Pasture1/(acres)15,5361/-Not AvailableCommittee members: Lloyd Dumdi,Walter Shumway, Eldon Fendall, IvanDent, Art Barackman, Ronald Hurner,Robert Johnson, Stanley Brown, LeslielvtcDougal,OrvilleCrimmins,VerneThornton, Clarence Bernards, and LouieGross. Clarence Mullins, county trapper,assisted the committee.-8-

DAIRY PLANNING COMMITTEE REPORTit did either 5, 10, or 15 years ago.Two rather significant things in theway of a trend have occurred in theIllustrating this trend, the numberof cows has dropped from 11,200 cowsin 1940, to 9,100 cows in 1955.dairy industry during the past 15 years.The dairy industry has fewer cows formilking in Yamhill County, and fewerfarms upon which cows are milked thanThe number of farms milking cowshas dropped from 2,215 to 1,425.Number o Farms Milking Dairy Cows in Yamhiil County, 1920.1956YearNo. of FarmsNo. of Dairy Cows192019308,5639,02419402,21511,200There has also been a change in thedairy business in the type of milk produced. The trend has been away fromproduction of factory milk and towardproduction of grade A milk for freshconsumption.Farmers give reasons for quitting thedairy business as not being able to getenough reliable help at the price theycan afford to pay, and not being able toproduce milk at the prices being paidto them for the product they sell.The committee recommended thatdairymen get profitable cows in theirherds.A report showed that it took 10,000pounds of 4 per cent milk to equal thecosts of production of the average cowin cost studies made by the Agricultural Economics Department of OregonState College. Wages were included at 1.24 per hour. It was pointed out thatsome dairymen keep cows in a herd inorder to maintain production of theirquota. It is the thought of some that itwould be better not to maintain a quotathan to produce milk from 9,10019568,500cows for any substantial length of time.The committee recommends thatevery dairyman check the productionof his herd and, if his entire herd produces less than 400 pounds butterfataverage, he no doubt has many cowsin his herd that produce less than 10,000 pounds of milk and 400 pounds ofutterfat.A summary of the Dairy Herd Improvement Association production records for all of Oregon in 1955 showedthat these herds averaged 8,549 poundsof milk per cow with an average testof 4.63 per cent. If this production wereconverted to terms of 4 per cent milkit would be 9,427 pounds of 4 per centmilk.It has been asked how to maintainproduction per cow when the herd isincreased. The committee answers thisquestion by saying that the herd ownerwho uses production tests and followsa good feeding program and good man-agement can increase his herd if heraises replacements from the propercows in the herd or buys heifers fromherds of like productionEconomic UnitA study of many records has admental feed during the year.vanced the idea that 25 cows shouldOne 60-cow dairy is producing all ofproduce 250,000 pounds of milk or morethe forage for its cows and purchasingper year. At the present time, the anonly the concentrates for the cows.nual production per cow is only 6,282This 60-cow dairy has 80 acres of farmpounds of milk per cow or 62 per centland on it, most of which is irrigated.of the efficiency considered desirableIn the future, most dairymen must payin an economic unit.more attention to records and manageIt was thought there is an efficientment to be successful. Feeding consize for every dairyman which he himcentrates according to production withself determines. However, discussiona free choice of high quality roughageamong the committee men pointed toand minerals is recommended. It is reward a 25-cow herd for one man whoported that one dairyman has been feedproduces most of his own feed on theing free choice silage this year in Yamfarm. It seems that a two-man herdhill County. He said his production wasconsisting of 50 to 60 cows and thatconsiderably evener than it had evera three-man herd would include frombeen before, with a slightly higher pro75 to 85 cows. Dairymen in Yamhillduction of the herd. This type of proCounty historically produce their owngram requires more silage base on thefeed with the purchase of some supplefarm.9

Labor RequirementsOn the other hand, they save labor;thus one must weigh carefully the twoed that at present it would be reasonfactors.The committee recommends that,able to expect that a man could takewhen figuring costs, wages for operacare of one cow a year with 108 manLabor requirements vary greatly fromfarm to farm, but the committee show-hours labor, or about 18 minutes a dayper cow.The committee recommends thatdairymen consider push button controlgimmicks very carefully. These can bean advantage or a disadvantage. Theselabor-saving devices take capital and,tor-manager should be comparable tocreased taxes, depreciation, and interest on the investment that must be paid.paying for help and represents the situation as we have it today.once they are installed, there are in-industry.One of the first questions raised was:In what industry will men work for 1.24 per hour other than on the farm?That is the figure that has been usedin cost studies. The 1.24 per hour rateis the price the dairymen have beenMarketingbasis, or it might be on a total solidsThe committee recommends that thebasis. More research is required toentire industry seek the type paymentfind a simpler method of testing forfairest to dairymen.total solids before a change in methodLegal milk is now 3.2 per cent fat;of payment can be made.8.5 per cent solids not fat. The commit-tee suggests that the type of paymentin the future might be on a nutritionThe committee would recommend thatthe co-ops consolidate their efforts inthe marketing of milk.Adver tisinging in papers toward developing betIn some other industries, one-half toter relations with the entire public. Itone per cent of gross income has beendevoted to public relations. The comwas shown that televsion advertisingmittee recommended increased advertishas helped sell dairy products.Unity for DairymenUnity among all dairymen was discussed. This could be obtained throughorganization of other dairymen associations, or it might be accomplishedthrough the present cooperatives. Thecommittee recommends that boards ofdirectors of the co-ops get together anddiscuss marketing problems.The dairy committee recommendedunity of action in securing a shavingssupply for the future.It was recommended that the farmersshould show more appreciation for shav-ings obtained at the various planers.The committee suggested that thesemills be asked to consider a fair valuefor the shavings before taking them offthe market.It was suggested that one might putthe shavings in deep in the summer timeand keep taking them out throughoutthe winter. This might help the shavingsituation as they are plentiful and easyto get in the summer and hard to getin the winter time.Some farmers stockpile shavings withsuccess and cover them with cheapplastic materials.Some are now using a combinationof straw and shavings. Some dairymenhave gone entirely to the use of straw.Members of the committee are: NedPalmer, Dayton; H. C. Maynard, McMinnville; Robert Niehus, Dayton; William Warmington, McMinnville; ErnestLeffler, Gaston; Russell Baker, Gaston;Douglas Dickie, Newberg; NormanLonghurst, McMinnville; John DeJong,McMinnville; Emil Wyffels, Yamhill;Milton Daniel, Newberg; Harley Belt,Yamhill; Austin Warner, Carlton; Richard Reyne, McMinnville; Ronald Finnicum, Dayton; Earle Day, Dayton.10--

POULTRY PLANNING COMMITTEE REPORTThe Poultry Committee realizes thata change has taken place in the chickenbusiness during the past 9 or 10 years.Poultry farms are fewer, but the onesstill in business are larger. The censusof 1949 showed that 945 Yamhill County commercial egg farms produced 1,537,000 dozen eggs. In 1954 the censusshowed 666 farms produced 2,295,000dozen eggs.The committee feels this is a goodhealthy growth for the territory and,as long as the poultrymen develop tothis size through good sound thinkingand management, they will just keep upwith the needs of the area.Vertical I ntegrationThe vertical integration that is tak-ing place in several parts of the UnitedStates is something to be concernedabout. Another name for vertical integration of the industry is a packagedeal in egg production. What is happening is that feed companies, together with some hatcheries, are pushingthe commercial egg enterprise with afinancing program. In so doing, theyare encouraging some folks to go intothe egg business only because someonewill finance them. The committee stat-ed definitely that the disadvantage ofthis program is that it provides capitaltoo quickly through poor planning. Theyare quite sure it will result in production and cause prices to fall below thepoint where they are economicallysound, or where a legitimate poultryman can make an honest living.The committee further thinks there isa chance this program will eliminatesmall producers, small hatcherymen,small feed dealers and processors.The committee feels that the strengthof this nation lies in the family farmthat grows with the times. These get-rich-quick ideas are contrary to theeconomic laws of good sound business.The committee also pointed out thatthe Farm and Home Administration ismaking loans in some areas to thesepoultrymen to put up buildings. Thecommittee agrees t

School in Washington County. Nearly 2,100 students are enrolled. There are 34 grade schools in the county with about 5,500 pupils enrolled. Yamhill County has three colleges offering advanced education. Linfield College in McMinnville, a Baptist insti-tution, is the largest with about 800 enrolled. George Fox College, a Friends Church sponsored .