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PAS 2016:2010 3.12 fibre optic3.19 power line communications (PLC)transmission technology that allows for thetransmission of digital data by light pulses using opticalfibre cable and fibre optic connecting hardwareuse of electrical power cables for the distribution ofdigital data and contentNOTE Optical fibre can be either glass or plastic.3.13 home distributor (HD) panelequipment for interconnecting data ports by means ofshort connecting cables or cordsNOTE For example, a switch (an active device), to beconnected with the required output socket, normallyusing equipment cords.3.14 internet service providercommercial supplier of digital content and services3.15 local area network (LAN)3.20 residential gatewaydevice combining in one unit a number of active piecesof equipment for the distribution of digital data andcontent, and an access network interface3.21 service providertelecommunications operator or other entityresponsible for the connection of a householdto the global internet3.22 star topologynetwork where digital service outlets are connected toa common central pointmain distribution point that connects to a main streetcabinet and then to a jointing chamber, which providesthe final link to the external wall of the dwellingNOTE For example in home networks the residentialgateway or switch, by dedicated connections.NOTE The internal network within the dwelling,together with equipment, such as routers (outside thescope of this PAS) also form part of the LAN.3.23 supplier3.16 network termination point (NTP)3.24 routerfinal connection point and demarcation betweenthe external and internal networks, and installedby the supplierprimary active equipment interfacing external andinternal networks of a dwelling, and connecting digitaldevices in the home to form an internal networkNOTE Beyond this point, the developer, builder oroccupier has liability for the digital infrastructure.NOTE 1 There may be more than one switch neededin an internal network. 3.17 optical fibre cables and fibre opticconnectorsall-silica (glass) or plastic fibre optic cables andassociated connectors3.18 passive infrastructurenon-active parts of the digital infrastructureNOTE This includes cables and outlet sockets andcontain no active elements.3provider of digital infrastructure, services or bothNOTE 2 It is often integrated into the residentialgateway. 3.25 wireless deadspotlocation in a building or the built environment wherethe reception of wireless signals is not possible becauseof signal blocking or other interference3.26 wireless linksuse of radio transmissions to carry digital data BSI December 2010

PAS 2016:2010 4 Domestic dwelling digital infrastructure 4.1 GeneralThe objective of a domestic dwelling digitalinfrastructure is to provide:a) broadband connectivity to the internet; andb) distribution network for the reception andtransmission of digital signals and servicesthroughout the dwelling. These services may or maynot involve an access connection, i.e. there can beservices which are solely confined to the dwelling.NOTE For example, home entertainment, energyservices, telecare and telehealth services – referredto as assistive living services.NOTE 1 The objective of the Coalition Government isto ensure the UK has the best superfast broadbandnetwork in Europe by 2015, through marketdeployment or through strategic intervention in areasthe market will not reach. In doing so, the Coalitionalso aims to achieve, in virtually every home, access toa minimum of 2 Mb/s broadband connectivity. In newbuild homes, 2 Mb/s is a lower bound. Up to 24 Mb/s isalready the standard in respect of asymmetric digitalsubscriber line (ADSL), very high speed digital subscriberline (VDSL) from the street cabinet will increase this.Hybrid Fibre Coax Networks already deliver up to50 Mb/s. New build infrastructure can be designedto support rates far greater than these data rates,e.g. 100 Mb/s.latter primarily being used for the most demandingapplications, e.g. video distribution, especially highdefinition and video on demand.Wireless provides convenience, and offers the possibilityof connecting to the internet from any place in thedwelling, provided there are no wireless deadspots.However, cabled medium is required to connectwireless routers to the Internet. Wireless connectivityis assumed in this PAS to provide a supplementarymethod of connectivity to broadband services, usedin conjunction with cabled media.In the context of new build domestic dwellings,providing free access to cable routes then powerline communications are unlikely to be a majorconsideration. Although power line communicationsare an alternative option in the context of existingproperties and refurbishment, this is beyond thescope of this PAS.All dwellings are likely to have digital terrestrial orsatellite TV connectivity, or both. These requirementsshould be included in the specification of the homenetwork, providing digital interconnectivity betweensuch TVs and associated, for example, programmablevideo recorders (PVRs), Digital video disc (DVD) andBlu-ray players, other digital devices within the homeand the “residential gateway”.In densely populated urban areas this is unlikely tobe a problem, while in remote rural areas without acabled connection, achieving this bandwidth can bechallenging.Next generation distribution systems in new buildhomes should be able to support 2 Mb/s transmissions,but also have a much higher capability so they canhandle the likely increases to Mb/s. This high datarate can only be reliably supported on a cabledinfrastructure.Within the dwelling, balanced cabling is the mostpractical medium with optical fibre cabling beingconsidered as an optional addition for futureinstallations.For new build dwellings, a cabled medium should beused as the transmission medium of preference.Most users are likely to use wireless distributionin addition to the fixed infrastructure with the BSI December 20104

PAS 2016:2010 5 Boundary between internal and external infrastructure 5.1 GeneralThis PAS describes the external and internal digitalinfrastructures separately. The division between thetwo is defined by the demarcation point, a legallydefined point in the provision of telecommunicationsservices at which responsibility for the infrastructurepasses from the service provider to the householder.The demarcation point is defined differently indifferent countries. In the UK there will be activeor passive (i.e. un-powered or powered) NTP whichbelongs to the telecommunications provider and whichisolates the incoming connection from the customer’sequipment (see Figure 1).In UK new build homes, the following should beconsidered for the external infrastructure, including:a) there is an individual connection (metallic or opticalfibre) to an individual dwelling from the serviceprovider’s equipment external to the curtilage ofthe dwelling. In this case the demarcation point5will be at or within the boundary of the curtilageof the dwelling;b) there is a connection to the individual dwelling,but this is provided from the service provider’sequipment installed in a location owned and/or managed by the organization responsible forcommon parts;NOTE For example a building or estate managementcompany.c) the service provider delivers service to a demarcationpoint external to individual dwellings, and finaldistribution is managed by an organizationresponsible for common parts. An example of thiswould be an estate or municipality that wishes toprovide its own local digital infrastructure. In suchcases, a secondary demarcation point will exist foreach attached dwelling. BSI December 2010

PAS 2016:2010 Figure 1 – Domestic digital installationsDigital cupboardCat5e cablesPatch panelPatch leadsNTPCustomer let BSI December 20106

PAS 2016:2010 5.2 LiabilityThis PAS is focused on the internal digital infrastructurecontained within the bounding walls of the dwellingand gives guidance on the external connection fromthe jointing chamber. This is the most immediateexternal connection point, linking the dwellinginfrastructure with the external networks; mostoften it is located in the street beyond the curtilegeof the property.Beyond the external termination point, liability forthe internal digital infrastructure lies with the builder/developer or customer, unless installed by the serviceprovider.The reason for the distinction between external andinternal digital infrastructure is that up to the NTP,liability rests with the infrastructure installer or ISP.The generic zones of liability for a typical singledwelling unit are shown in Figure 2.However ultimate liability for the internal networkremains with the householder, even if he contractsthat to another entity.Figure 2 – Generic zones of liabilityBuilder /developer liabilityISP, telecommunicationsISP liabilitycompany or infrastructurecontractor’s liabilityMain districtserver roomBuilder / developer orcustomer responsibilityISP, telecommunicationscompany or infrastructurecontractor’s liabilityEstatedistributionpointJointing chamber7 BSI December 2010

PAS 2016:2010 6 External infrastructure 6.1 Local Area Network (LAN)connectionsThe connection of a domestic dwelling to an externaldigital network is the end of point of the externalLocal Area Network (LAN), with the internal networkalso being an LAN, or home network. The demarcationpoint between external and internal networks isthe NTP.In the local area, the main distribution point forthe external LAN should be an exchange or a serverroom. This connects to a main street cabinet (primaryconnection point), and then to a jointing chamber,which provides the final link to the external wall ofthe dwelling.6.2 Connection to the external wall ofthe propertyFor all telecommunication services a NTP should beinstalled, internally or externally, to allow entry ofthe data infrastructure into the home.NOTE See CLG guidance on data ducting for newhomes which describes best practice in relation toexternal entry into new homes [1].The NTP is the demarcation point between theprovider’s external network and the developer/customer-provided cabling. All internal cabling beyondthe NTP should be the responsibility of the builder/customer, and after handover, the customer. BSI December 20108

PAS 2016:2010 7 Internal digital infrastructure 7.1 OverviewInternal digital infrastructure should consist of bothcabled and wireless elements.The design of generic information technology cablingin homes is specified in BS EN 50173-4. The specificationof those installations and their quality assurance isspecified in BS EN 50174-1. Particular requirementsfor installation planning and practices in homes arespecified in BS EN 50174-2.BS EN 50173-4 requires that cabling be implementedin a star configuration from a home distributor (HD)located in a “primary distribution space” which isseparately specified in BS EN 50174-2. Exceptionallyfor large buildings, additional star points [secondaryhome distributors (SHDs)] may be used to serve areasof the building not easily served by the primary starpoint. Where possible the demarcation point shouldbe co-located with the HD.preparation for the installer to fit and commission theconnection to the active digital equipment, e.g. switchor other type of main socket.All ducts should be provided with a draw ropeafter installation, unless local agreement is made tosubstitute the draw rope for lead-in cable; 1 m at thehouse and 3 m at the tail in the chamber should be left.The service duct should be cut level, two bricks belowthe damp proof course; it should be sealed at bothends using a duct plug, to prevent ingress of debris.The installation of unscreened balanced cablingcomponents of Category 5 should be installed inaccordance with BS EN 50173-1 (equivalent toCategory 5e of ANSI-TIA-568-C.2) which also meetsthe minimum implementation of BS EN 50173-4.A star topology is a network where the data outletsare connected to a common central point, in homenetworks the residential gateway or switch, bydedicated connections. The main benefits of a starnetwork is reliability – if one of the “point-to-point”segments is broken, only the devices on that link willbe affected, and not affect other devices on otherarms of the star.7.2 External to internal connection –Houses and multi-dwelling unitsThe ducting should be laid from the footway jointingchamber (with the socket end presented to the jointbox) and terminate with a pre-formed 90 bend at theoutside of the house wall. The duct runs should be keptto a minimum depth of cover of 350 mm beneath theproposed finish level (450 mm under a soft surface).20 mm electrical conduit should be supplied andinstalled through the cavity wall at a point verticallyabove the end of the service duct. A back box orsingle-gang flush steel box should be installed in9 BSI December 2010

PAS 2016:2010 7.3 Primary distribution space7.3.1 AccommodationOn exiting the primary distribution space:In each dwelling the cabled CPE, the presentation ofthe home cabling and associated equipment shouldbe accommodated in a primary distribution space, asspecified in BS EN 50174-2, which is secure (lockable).a) BS EN 50174-2 requires that the pathway betweenthe dwelling entrance and the primary distributionspace shall have a cross-section equivalent to aminimum diameter of 38 mm (consistent withSize 40 conduits of BS EN 61386 series);This space should be located in for example anunder-stairs cupboard, or a similar location.b) BS EN 50174-2 requires that the pathway betweenthe primary distribution space and the outletsshall have a cross-section equivalent to a minimumdiameter of 16 mm (consistent with Size 20 conduitsof BS EN 61386 series).The primary distribution space should be providedwith two-twin gang switched 13A sockets installed inaccordance with BS 7671.When designing the house installation, sufficientdimensions for the cable aggregation aperture shouldbe designed-in – to the point where all cables and ductsenter the equipment space. An aperture diameter of50 mm is adequate in most cases. BSI December 2010The location should allow for ease of connection andmaintenance access between the incoming service ductand the termination at the CPE. The location of theprimary distribution space should be agreed early inthe design of the dwellings.10

PAS 2016:2010 The space should be located to avoid extremes oftemperature and humidity. The standard ambienttemperature range is 0 C - 44 C. Humidity should bekept within a range to avoid the risk of condensation.The equipment may be mounted in a 19 in rack,or other suitable mounting system, including wallmounted sockets. Where used, the rack system canbe floor mounted or wall mounted. There shouldbe sufficient capacity to allow for expansion ofthe number of wall sockets throughout the houseto provide two, twin outlets per room, excludingbathrooms and toilets.NOTE This may not comply with the recommendationsof BS EN 50173-4 for large rooms but may over-providefor smaller rooms and is judged to provide a goodguide.All cabinets, frames or racks accommodated withinthe primary distribution space should be earthed inaccordance with BS 6701. Any power supply cablingprovided to these cabinets, frames or racks shouldbe carried out in accordance with BS 7671.7.3.2 Customer premises equipment (CPE)The initial CPE should provide sufficient outlet portsto service:a) two telephone points; andb) four independent data service outlets on the switchor residential gateway.7.3.3 Presentation of home cablingThe outlets terminating the home cabling should bemounted on a panel(s) to allow interconnection toCPE and, where appropriate, to other outlets onthe panel(s).7.4 Premises distribution cabling7.4.1 General provisionIn the case of all internal cabling, it is essential thatthe developer designs the cable routes and socketplacements to achieve the maximum capability forthe delivery of multiple services to all main rooms.The developer should install cabling for data servicesusing cables and connectors in accordance with 7.4.2.For “connected” (digitally wired) homes there shouldbe, as a minimum, data outlets in the lounge, masterbedroom and study locations, and also to each locationwhere a co-axial socket is deployed for TV services.In this way multiple services, such as high speedInternet, or broadband TV content can be deliveredsimultaneously. A star wire configuration shouldconnect each room in the dwelling, using theceiling rose as the primary connection point in eachroom. This provides an ease of access for droppingcommunications cables to any location in the room.Data outlet sockets should be mounted in the range700 – 900 mm [2]. This is for ease of access for peoplein wheelchairs, and on the ground floor, to helpreduce damage in the event of floods.7.4.2 Cables and connectorsBalanced cables should be unscreened Category 5 inaccordance with BS EN 50173-1 (which are equivalent tothe unshielded Category 5e cables of ANSI-TIA-568-C.2).The maximum length of the cables should be 90 m inaccordance with the reference implementations ofBS EN 50173-4 or ANSI-TIA-568-C.2 respectively.The presentation of the home cabling at the HD andthe wall sockets distributed through the home shouldbe in accordance with BS EN 60603-7 (commonly butinaccurately referred to as RJ45). As specified fortelecommunications outlets in BS EN 50173-4, theseconnectors should be of the same type (i.e. unscreenedor screened) and category as the balanced cable. Thetermination of the cable at those outlets should be asshown in Figur

PAS 2016:2010 Contents . to the home setting via high-speed internet access, referred to in this Public Available Speciication (PAS) as "broadband". The Coalition Agreement provides the Government's views, aspirations for superfast broadband and objectives on how this can be achieved.