WIXLIB

Pecan Carya illinoensis (native)About this tree:Edible fruitPrefers moist, well drained, bottomlandsoilsGrows to 100 feet tallHardiness zone 4Identification Tips:Leaves: Pinnately compound; 20 to 22inches long; 11 to 17 leaflets, each 2 to7 inches long; finely saw-toothedmargin; alternateFruit: Nut; oblong; 1 to 2 inches long;pointed at tip, both endsBark: Light brown to gray; deeply,irregularly furrowedPomegranate Punica granatumAbout this tree:Cultivated for its attractive flowersTolerates heat and alkaline soilsGrows to 20 feet tallHardiness zone 7Identification Tips:Leaves: Simple; blades 1 to 3 1/2inches long; oval to elliptical tolanceolate; margin entire; surface brightgreenFruit: Berry 2 to 4 inches in diameter;thick, leathery, reddish yellow rind; juicypulpFlower: Showy; red to orange; 5 to 7petalsBark: Gray to brown on older limbsHybrid Poplar Populus sp.About this tree:Grows very fast, upright, not asspreading as cottonwoodsDisease resistantCrossbred specifically in many casesfor fast growth in windbreaksCultivars: Northwest, Norway, Imperial,RobustaIdentification Tips:Leaves: Variable but usually triangular;2 to 5 inches long and wide; usuallygreen above, light green below; toothedmargin; flattened leafstalksTwig: Short; hairlessBark: Smooth gray to off-white; deeplyfurrowed in old trees13

Lombardy Poplar Populus nigra'italica'About this tree:Prefers moist soilTree grows rapidly but is short-lived inmore humid regionsRoots are invasive and may suckerprofuselyGrows to 100 feet tallHardiness zone 4Identification Tips:Leaves: 2 to 4 inches long and wide;triangular; wavy sawtoothed; greenabove, light green below; flattenedleafstalksTwigs: Stout; hairless; orange, turninggrayBark: Gray to whitish; smooth on youngtrees and dark deep furrows on oldtreesSweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua(native)About this tree:Grows 60 to 100 feet tall; 2 to 3 feet peryearExcellent fall colorTolerates a wide range of soilsHardiness zone 6Identification Tips:Leaves: Alternate; star-shaped withpointed lobes; brilliant fall colorsFruit: Globe-shaped, tight cluster ofcapsules persist on tree over winterTwig: Moderately stout with corky wing like ridges; buds large and shinyOther: Strongly pyramidal growth formAmerican Sycamore Plantanusoccidentalis (native)About this tree:Seed eaten by purple finchPrefers moist bottomland soils; toleratespoorly drained soilsGrows 75 to 100 feet tallHardiness zone 4Identification Tips:Leaves: 4 to 8 inches long and wide;broadly ovate; 3 or 5 shallow, broad,short-pointed lobesFruit: 1 inch in diameter; usually 1brown ball hanging on long stalk;composed of narrow nutlets with hairtuftsBark: Smooth, whitish and brownmottled; peeling off in large thin flakes14

Black Walnut Juglans nigra (native)About this tree:Nuts eaten by squirrel, red and gray foxPrefers moist, well drained soilsGrows 70 to 90 feet tallHardiness zone 3Identification Tips:Leaves: Pinnately compound; 12 to 24inches long; 15 to 23 leaflets up to 5inches longFruit: Single or paired, about 2 inchesin diameter; thick green or brown huskTwig: Brown; stout; with buff coloredchambered pithBark: Dark brown; deeply furrowedridgesBlack Willow Salix nigra (native)About this tree:Prefers wet soilsGrows 60 to 100 feet tallHardiness zone 3Identification Tips:Leaves: 3 to 5 inches long, narrowlylance-shaped; shiny green on bothsidesFruit: 3/16 inch long; reddish-browncapsules; hairlessTwig: Brownish; easily detached atbaseBark: Dark brown or blackish; deeplyfurrowed into scaly, forking ridgesGolden Willow Salix alba var.vitellinaAbout this tree:Rapid growth rate with no suckeringGood winter density for a deciduoushardwoodTolerates wide range of soilsGrows to 60 feet tallHardiness zone 3Identification Tips:Leaves: Narrow lance-shaped; finelytoothed; 4 to 6 inches longFlower: Male catkins 1 to 2 inches longwith females 2 to 3 inches longTwig: Bright yellow to orangeBuds: Covered by a single nonresinous scale15

Purpleosier Willow Salix purpureaAbout this tree:Fair wildlife valueTolerates poorly drained soils; goodshade tolerance; poor drought toleranceGrows 10 to 20 feet tallHardiness zones 3 to 8Cultivars: StreamcoIdentification Tips:Leaves: In pairs, not quite opposite;smooth tongue shaped; finely-toothednear the tip only; blue-green above andpale below; 2 to 4 inches longCatkins: Small, arise in almost oppositepairs, and mature in early spring beforethe leaves come outConiferous TreesCasuarina Casuarina sp. *About this tree:Provides perching and nesting for birdsTolerates dry or wet soil, salinity, heatand windGrows 50 to 100 feet tall; grows up to 8to 10 feet per yearHardiness zone 8Identification Tips:Leaves: Scale-like; 1/8 inch longFruit: Light brown, warty ballBark: Light gray brown; smoothish onsmall trees, later becoming furrowedNorthern White Cedar (Arborvitae)Thuja occidentalis (native)About this tree:Foliage, twigs eaten by White-taileddeer, fruit eaten by various birdsPrefers neutral to alkaline soils,limestone originGrows 40 to 70 feet tallHardiness zone 2Identification Tips:Leaves: Evergreen; opposite; 1/16 to1/8 inch long; scalelike; dull yellowgreen; foliage sprays fanlikeFruit: Cone; 3/8 inch long; elliptical;upright from short curved stalkBark: Light red-brown; thin; fibrous16

Arizona Cypress Cupressusarizonica (native)About this tree:Used for erosion control, windbreaks,urban landscaping, posts, stakes andcorral polesPrefers moist gravelly soils on slopesand benchesGrows 40 to 60 feetHardiness zone 6Identification Tips:Leaves: Minute blue-green to graygreen; scale-like; sharp pointed; finelytoothed on the margins; shunlike odorwhen bruisedFruit: Dark reddish brown cones aboutone inch long that remain on the tree formany years, become gray with ageBark: Reddish brown with irregular,narrow, thin, curling scales that peel; onolder tree's, bark becomes furrowedBaldcypress Taxodium distichum(native)About this tree:Well adapted to wet sites, but can beplanted on dry sites; wood veryresistant to decay; develops 'knees'under saturated conditionsGrows 60 to 100 feet tallHardiness zone 4Identification Tips:Leaves: Needle-like; delicate; arrangedin 2 ranks in a feather-like fashion alongsmall branchlets; branchlets with fineneedles fall in the autumnFruit: Globe-shaped, woody cone, 1inch in diameter; cones disintegrate atmaturityTwig: Reddish-brown; rough, withseveral short peg-like branchesBark: Dark reddish-brown with longloose shreddy ridges17

Leland Cypress CupressocyparisleylandiiAbout this tree:Used as Christmas trees, hedgerows,windbreaks and landscapingAdapted to a wide range of soiltextures; prefers moist, well drainedsoilsGrows 60 to 70 feet tallHardiness zone 5Identification Tips:Leaves: Blue-green to gray-greenneedles, 1/8 inch long; acute;appressed with the apices of the lateralpairs often freeFruit: Cone, 1/2 to 3/4 inch in diameterwith 8 scales; each scale containsapproximately 5 seeds per scaleBark: Reddish-brown and scalyConcolor Fir Abies concolor (native)About this tree:Provides winter cover for wildlifePrefers dry to moist soilsGrows 75 to 100 feet tallHardiness zone 3Identification Tips:Leaves: Needles; slat; linear; 2-ranked;blue-green; 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 inches longFruit: Cone; erect; olive brown;cylindrical; 3 to 5 inches longTwig: Stout; yellow-green withclustered blunt, red-brown resinousbudsBark: Ash, gray-brown color; flattenedridgesDouglas-Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii(native)About this tree:Winter cover for wildlifePrefers well drained, loamy soilsGrows 80 to 200 feet tallHardiness zone 3Identification Tips:Leaves: Needles; flexible; flattened;light green-bluegreen; blunt tip; 3/4 to 11/4 inch longFruit: Cone, tan-brown; 2 to 3 incheslong; clustered pairs; 3 points;protruding bractsTwig: Slender; gray-brown; long; sharppointed budsBark: Reddish brown; deep furrows18

Rocky Mountain Juniper Juniperusscopulorum (native)About this tree:Foliage and fruit eaten by mammalsand birdsCan grow on dry to moist soilsGrows 25 to 50 feet tallHardiness zone 3Identification Tips:Leaves: Small; scale-like; opposite;smooth edges; 1 to 2 inches longFruit: Small; fleshy; berry-like; 2 to 3inches in diameter; bright blueTwig: Slender, 4-sided; becomingrounded with ageBark: Thin; reddish-brown; weatheringto grayishAustrian Pine Pinus nigraAbout this tree:Prefers dry, drought resistant soilsGrows 75 to 100 feet tallHardiness zone 3Identification Tips:Leaves: Evergreen, 3 1/2 to 6 incheslong; 2 in bundle; stiff; shiny dark green;silvery white budsFruit: Cone, 2 to 3 inches long, 1 to 11/4 inches wide; egg-shaped; shiny,yellow-brown; almost stalklessBark: Dark brown; thick; rough;furrowed into irregular scaly platesBuds: Large, silvery budsEastern White Pine Pinus strobus(native)About this tree:Prefers sandy-loam soils; avoid claywet soilsGrows 60 to 100 feet tall, 50 to 80 feetwide; growth rate is 3 to 5 feet per yearHardiness zone 3Identification Tips:Leaves: Needles in bundles of 5; 3 to 5inches long; slender; flexibleFruit: Cones; 4 to 8 inches long;cylindrical; often curvedTwig: Orange brownBark: Dark grayish brown; deeplyfurrowed on older trees; 1 to 2 inchesthick with ridges19

Eldarica Pine Pinus eldaricaAbout this tree:Prefers fine sands, silt loams to siltyclay loams, and very well drained tomoderately well drained soilsFast growth if irrigatedHardiness zone 7Identification Tips:Leaves: Needles 4 to 6 inches longborne in bundles of 2 or rarely 3; newgrowth blue-green, older growth darkergreenFruit: Cones; reddish brown to brown;borne singly or in whorls of 3 to 6;cones are ovate-conic, approximately 4inches in length; unarmedBark: Silvery gray and shiny whenyoung; becoming reddish brown;fissured and scaly on older trunksLoblolly pine Pinus taeda (native)About this tree:Seeds eaten by Bobwhite quail andmourning doveTolerates poorly drained to well drainedsoilsGrows 80 to 100 feet tallHardiness zone 7Identification Tips:Leaves: Needles; 5 to 9 inches long; 3in bundle; stout, stiff, often twistedFruit: 3 to 5 inches long; conicalBark: Blackish-gray; thick, deeplyfurrowed into scaly ridges exposingbrown inner layersPonderosa Pine Pinus ponderosa(native)About this tree:Seeds eaten by birds, mammalsCan grow on dry soilsGrows 75 to 100 feet tallHardiness zone 3Identification Tips:Leaves: Needles; stout; flexible; yellowgreen; 5 to 10 inches long; clusters of 2or 3Fruit: Cone, tan-brown; 3 to 6 incheslong; scales with pricklesTwig: Stout; orange-brown; turpentineodor when brokenBark: Black, yellow-orange (old); wide,shallow-furrowed; flaky plates20

Red Pine Pinus resinosa (native)About this tree:Seeds used by songbirds and smallmammalsPrefers well-drained, sandy soilsGrows 70 to 80 feet tallHardiness zone 2Identification Tips:Leaves: Needles; to 6 1/2 inches long;2 in a bundle; dark green, snap cleanlyFruit: Egg-shaped cones, 1 1/2 to 2 1/4inches longBark: Reddish-brown or gray; withbroad, flat, scaly plates; becoming thickScotch Pine Pinus sylvestrisAbout this tree:Prefers sandy to loam soilsGrows 50 to 75 feet tallHardiness zone 2Identification Tips:Leaves: Needles; 1 1/2 to 2 3/4 incheslong; 2 in bundle; stiff; slightly flattened;twisted; blue-greenFruit: Cone; 1 1/4 to 2 1/2 inches long;egg-shaped; pale yellow-brownBark: Reddish-brown; thin; becominggray and shredding in papery platesShortleaf Pine Pinus echinata(native)About this tree:Seeds are eaten by mourning dove andBobwhite quailPrefers dry ridges, sandy loams and siltloamsGrows 30 to 70 feet tallHardiness zone 6Identification Tips:Leaves: Needles; 4 1/2 inches long; 2or sometimes 3 in bundle; slender,flexible; dark blue-greenFruit: 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 inches long; conicalBark: Reddish-brown; large scalyplates21

Slash Pine Pinus elliottii (native)About this tree:Seeds eaten by Bobwhite quail andmourning dovePrefers poorly drained sandy soilsGrows 60 to 100 feet tallHardiness zone 7Identification Tips:Leaves: Needles; 7 to 10 inches long; 2and 3 in bundle; stout; stiff; shiny greenFruit: 2 1/2 to 6 inches long; narrowlyshaped; shiny dark brownBark: Purplish-brown; flattened, scalyplates; rough and furrowedVirginia Pine Pinus virginiana(native)About this tree:Good wildlife valuePrefers well drained soilsPoor shade toleranceGood drought toleranceGrows 30 to 40 feet tallHardiness zone 4Identification Tips:Leaves: Needles, 1 1/2 to 3 incheslong; stout; gray-green; in bundles oftwo; twistedFruit: Dark reddish-brown; ovoid;lustrous; 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 inches long, witha sharp spine at the end of each scaleBark: Shallow fissures; dark brownloose scalesEastern Redcedar Juniperusvirginiana (native)About this tree:One of the best conifers for wildlifehabitatWell adapted to most soilsGrows 25 to 60 feet tallHardiness zone 3Identification Tips:Leaves: Two types, usually on thesame tree -- scale-like and awl shapedFruit: Blue berrylike cone, 1/4 to 1/3inch in diameterTwig: 4-sided22

Colorado Blue Spruce Piceapungens (native)About this tree:Winter cover for wildlifePrefers upland dry soilsGrows 75 to 100 feet tallHardiness zone 2Identification Tips:Leaves: Needles; stiff; spirallyarranged; 4-sided; 3/4 to 1 1/2 incheslong; very prickly; sharp pointedFruit: Cone, oblong; tan-brown;cylindrical; 3 to 4 inches long; paperyscalesTwig: Stout; orange to gray-brownBark: Silvery gray-brownNorway Spruce Picea abiesAbout this tree:Foliage, twigs eaten by White-taileddeer; needles eaten by grouse; wintercover for many speciesPrefers moist soilGrows 75 to 100 feet tallHardiness zone 2Identification Tips:Leaves: Needles; 1/2 to 1 inch long;stiff; 4-angled; sharp-pointed; shiny,dark green with whitish lines; droopingfoliageFruit: Cones; 4 to 6 inches long;cylindrical; light brown; hanging downBark: Reddish-brown; scalyWhite Spruce Picea glauca (native)About this tree:Foliage, twigs eaten by White-taileddeer; needles eaten by grouse; wintercover for many speciesPrefers moist, sandy loam soilsGrows 50 to 60 feet tall; 1 to 3 feet peryearGrows 3 to 6 feet tallIdentification Tips:Leaves: Needles 1/2 to 3/4 inches long;stiff; 4-angled, sharp pointed; bluegreen, with whitish linesFruit: Cones, 1 to 2 inches longTwig: Orange-brown; slender; peglikebasesBark: Gray or brown; inner bark whitish23

* indicates the plant may be considered weedy or invasive in some parts of the US andmay not be appropriate for conservation uses in certain areas. Check with your localConservation District or state department of natural resources for more information onweediness and recommendations for use.This guide in primarily intended as an identification tool. Persons intending to use theseplants for conservation or landscape should consult additional sources of information foruse, establishment, and management of the species.PDF document prepared by the USDA-NRCS Plant Materials Program, Beltsville, MD.For more information about the PM Program visit our web site at: http://plantmaterials.nrcs.usda.govThe United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs on the basis of race, color, nationalorigin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited basesapply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille,large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA‘s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).To file a complaint of discrimination, write the USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th andIndependence Avenue, SW. Washington, D.C., 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunityprovider and employer.1

Trees and Shrubs in this guide Deciduous Trees European Alder Alnus glutinosa * About this tree: Prefers moist to wet soils Grows 50 to 70 feet tall Hardiness zone 3 Identification Tips: Leaves: 1 1/2 to 4 inc