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1Culture AdvantageAnatomy and Medical Terminology for InterpretersONCOLOGY TERMINOLOGYMarlene V. Obermeyer, MA, RNmarlene@culture-advantage.com 2010 Culture Advantage http://www.cultureadvantage.org
2Oncology Case Study for the PowerPoint PresentationMrs. Amin is a 65 year-old patient who is accompanied by her daughter to the physician’soffice. Mrs. Amin immigrated to the US from Pakistan 2 years ago. She was started onantihypertensive medications in Pakistan and her daughter wants her to have a physical exam.Otherwise, Mrs. Amin reports no medical symptoms.As part of the medical work-up, the physician performs a breast exam. The physician informsMrs.Amin and her daughter that there is a small lump in Mrs. Amin’s left breast. More testingwill be needed in order to make a diagnosis. A diagnostic mammogram and breast ultrasoundare scheduled. Mrs. Amin is referred to a surgeon for aspiration of the lump and for biopsy. Thephysician also recommends colonoscopy and Pap Smear as part of the cancer screeningprocess.By the end of this session, you will learn the following terms: sPrognosis 2010 Culture Advantage http://www.cultureadvantage.org
3HEMATOLOGY and ONCOLOGY TERMINOLOGYAlopeciaThe loss of hair, whichmay include all bodyhair as well as scalphair.A drug that prevents,kills, or blocks thegrowth and spread ofcancer cells.AnorexiaLoss of appetite.Lymphatic systemBenignNot spreading, notcancerous.Central Line or CVC,CVL (Central VenousLine)BiopsyRemoval of a smallsection of a tissue tobe tested for cancer.CA or cancerBMTBone marrowtransplantKaposi’s sarcomaChemotherapyUse of drugs to treatcancer.Skin CancerCompleteresectionTotal removal ofcancerous area duringHodgkin lymphomaIncludes lymph nodes,lymph, and lymphvessels that serve as afiltering system for theblood.Central venous catheter.A tube that goes into thechest and directly intoone of the major bloodvessels.Cancer, uncontrolledgrowth of abnormal cellsthat can spread to othertissues; carcinomaA type of cancercharacterized by theabnormal growth ofblood vessels thatdevelop into skinlesions.Several types: Skincancer that forms in themelanocytes (skinpigment) is calledmelanoma. Skin cancerthat forms in the lowerpart of the epidermis(the outer layer of theskin) is called basal cellcarcinoma. Skin cancerthat forms in squamouscells (flat cells that formthe surface of the skin)is called squamous cellcarcinoma.A cancer of the immunesystem that is marked byAntineoplasticagent 2010 Culture Advantage http://www.cultureadvantage.org
4surgeryCurativetreatmentTreatment to destroythe cancer.LeukemiaExternalradiotherapyRadioactivity appliedfrom a source outsidethe body.AIDS-related cancersFollow-upPeriodic visits to thephysician formonitoring.Herpes Simplex VirusHaematology,hematologyBranch of medicinethat specializes in thestudy and treatmentof blood and bloodtissues.CEAIn-situnot invasiveTPNInternalradiotherapyPlacing radioactivesource within thebody. Example:Brachytherapy.Cancerous, may growand sistumor spreads toother parts of thebodyTreatment to relievesymptoms and painexpected outcome ofa disease and it'streatmentthe presence of a type ofcell called the ReedSternberg cell.Cancer that starts inblood-forming tissuesuch as the bonemarrow.Certain cancer typesthat are more likely tooccur in people who areinfected with the humanimmunodeficiency virus(HIV), eg, Kaposi’ssarcoma.A virus that causes coldsores or fever blisters.Herpes Zoster – causeschicken pox andshingles.CarcinoembryonicAntigen (tumor marker)Total parenteralnutrition. Nourishmentis given intravenously.NeuroblastomaCancer that arises inimmature nerve cellsand affects mostlyinfants and children.ImmunotherapyMedications to enhancethe body’s immunesystem.Radiation oncologistA doctor who specializesin using radiation totreat cancer.Non-HodgkinAny of a large group oflymphomacancers of lymphocytes(white blood cells)Immunocompromised Or immune suppression.Body is unable to fightinfection. 2010 Culture Advantage http://www.cultureadvantage.org
5RefractoryResistant totreatmentOpiateRelapsethe disease comesback after a period inremissionOpioid(narcotic)Remissionsymptoms of cancerare no longer presentOperableStagingCategories for how farthe disease hasspreadRadiation to thewhole body (eg. Priorto a BMT)OncologyTotal BodyIrradiation (TBI)Potent substance totreat pain or inducesleep. Contains opium.Heroine, Morphine.A substance used totreat moderate tosevere pain. Opioids actlike opiates.Describes a conditionthat can be treated bysurgeryStudy of cancerMalignantmesotheliomaA rare type of cancer inwhich malignant cellsare found in the lining ofthe chest or abdomen.Associated withexposure to asbestos.ANATOMY-RELATED esLymph nodesSpleenSupply oxygenatedblood from the heart tothe rest of the body.Distribute oxygen to thetissues and removeswastes from the bloodRed blood cells, carryhemoglobin whichcombines with oxygenWhite blood cells thatfight infectionSplenomegalyEnlarged spleenHemophiliaAn inherited disease thatprevents the normalclotting of blood.The lining of the mouth andgastrointestinal tract.Contain lymphocytes (atype of white bloodcell), plasma, andmacrophages (cells that“eat” bacteria).Located to the left sideAdenopathyMucosa(Mucousmembranes)CarcinomaT4 Cell: 2010 Culture Advantage http://www.cultureadvantage.orgA type of cancer that startsin the skin or the lining oforgans.Any disease involving orcausing enlargement ofglands and lymph nodes.A type of T-lymphocyte. The
6of the abdomen, itstores blood.Stem CellsThe new blood cells thatare formed in the bonemarrow.LumbarPuncture(Spinal tap)ThrombocytesThymus glandVeinsAlso called platelets, toaid in forming clots.Located in front of theheart, produces Tlymphocytes that areimportant in immunesystem regulation.Carry blood back to theheart to be oxygenated.LipomaSarcomaHIVT4 cell enhances theimmune response to aninfection.A procedure in which fluidfrom the subarachnoidspace in the lumbar regionis aspirated forexamination. Also known asspinal tap.A benign (not cancer) tumormade of fat cells.Cancer of connective tissuesuch as bone, cartilage, fat,muscle.The virus that causes theAcquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome(AIDS).HIV attacks and slowlydestroys the immunesystem .PREFIX, ROOT WORDS, SUFFIXTerminologyPrefix/Root WordRoot Word/SuffixMeaningAdenocarcinomaAdeno -glandA cancer originatingfrom a glandAnti-fungalmedicationAplastic anemiaAnti -againstCarcinoma – a typeof cancer arisingfrom skin or lining oforgansFungal -fungusBronchogeniccarcinomaCarcinogenA - withoutAnemia – insufficientbloodBroncho - lungsplastic – to formCarcin - cancerGen –to causeCarcinoma – a typeof cancer 2010 Culture Advantage http://www.cultureadvantage.orgMedication to treatfungal infection.Failure of the bonemarrow to produceenough red blood cells.A cancer originating inthe lungs or airways.A substance that causescancer.
7Cervical carcinomaDiagnosisCervical – cervix of the Carcinoma – a typeuterusof cancerDi - doubleGnosis -knowledgeEndometrialcarcinomaEndometrial –lining ofthe uterusCarcinoma – a typeof cancerHematologistHem -bloodLogist -specialistHistopathologyHisto -cellsPath –diseaseLogy –study ofMucositisMucos – mucus ormucosa‘itis’ inflammationMyelomaMyelo - marrowOma - tumorNeoplasmNeo -newPlasm - formationNeutropeniaNeutro - neutralPenia -deficientOsteosarcomaOsteo -boneSarcoma –a type ofcancer that affectsconnective tissues.PrognosisPro -forwardGnosis –to knowRetinoblastomaRetina –cells in theeyesBlast - type of cellsThrombo – platelets(for blood clottingformation) Cyte- cellOma -tumorThrombocytopeniaPenia –deficient orlack of 2010 Culture Advantage http://www.cultureadvantage.orgA cancer of the cervix(the neck of the uterus).The identification of thedisease.A cancer of the lining ofthe uterus.A doctor who specializesin the problems of bloodand bone marrow.The study of microscopiccells and tissues relatingto the diseaseInflammation of thelining of the mouth orgastrointestinal tract.A malignant tumor of thebone marrowAn abnormal growth oftissue, may not becancerous.A decreased number ofneutrophils (a type ofwhite blood cells).Cancer that forms in cellsof the bone, usuallyaffects growing bone inchildren.The projected outcomeof a disease; the lifeexpectancy.Cancer that forms in thetissues of the retina.An abnormally lownumber of platelets(thrombocytes).
8EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING osi’s ativelymph glandlymphocytesthrombocytopeniaadenopathycervical .govhttp://aids.gov/Medical dictionary.htmlMedical yclopedia.htmlMedline Plus Word htmlNational Cancer a Root Words, Prefixeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of medical roots 2010 Culture Advantage http://www.cultureadvantage.org
As part of the medical work-up, the physician performs a breast exam. The physician informs Mrs.Amin and her daughter that there is a small lump in Mrs. Amin’s left breast. More testing will be needed in order to make a diagnosis. A diagnostic mammogram and breast ultrasound are scheduled. Mrs. Amin is referred to a surgeon for aspiration of the lump and for biopsy. The physician also .
