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CONTENTSixPAGESInactivity. 630 . Colonel Sudeikin shot by Nihilists . 631 . Attemptagainst the Emperor at Gatshina . 632. Trial of the Fourteen .' 633.Reconstruction of the Nihilist Party . 634. Extension of Nihilism .635. Decline of Nihilism . 636 . Nihilistic Proceedings in 1887 . 637 .Nihilism in 1888 . 638 . Slaughter of Siberian Exiles, and HungerStrikes . 639- Occurrences in 189o. 640 . Occurrences from 1891 toPresent Date. .641 . Nihilistic Finances. 642 . The Secret Press.643. Nihilistic Measures of Safety . 644 . The Nihilists in Prison .645 . Nihilistic Emigrants . 646 . Nihilistic Literature . 647. Trials ofNihilists217-256XIII. GERMAN SOCIETIES .-648 . The Mosel Club . 649. German Feelingagainst Napoleon . 65o . Formation and Scope of Tugendbund. 651 .Divisions among Members of Tugendbund. X652 . Activity of theTugendbund. 653 . Hostility of Governments against Tugendbund 257-262XIV. THE BABIS .-654 . Bab, the Founder . 655 . Progress of Babism .656. Babi Doctrine. 657 . Recent History of Babism . 263-269XV. IRISH SoOIETIES.-658 . The White-Boys. 659 . Right-Boys and OakBoys. 66o. Hearts-of-Steel, Threshers, Break-of-Day-Boys, Defenders,United Irishmen, Ribbonmen . 661 . Saint Patrick Boys . 662 . TheOrangemen . 663 . Molly Maguires. 664 . Ancient Order of Hibernians.665 . Origin and Organisation of Fenianism . 666. Origin of Name.667 . Fenian Litany . 668 . Events from 1865 to 1871 . 669 . The Soidisant General Cluseret . 670. Phoenix Park Murders, and Consequences. 671 . Dynamite Outrages. 672. The National League . 673.Comic Aspects of Fenianism . 674 . Events from 1888 to 1896 . 675 .Most Recent Revelations. 270-287BOOK XJVMISCELLANEOUS SOCIETIES676 . The A B C Friends . 677 . Abelites . 678. Academy of the Ancients.679 . Almusseri. 68o. Anonymous Society . 681 . Anti-Masonic Party.682 . Anti-Masons. 683 . Apocalypse, Knights of the . 684. Areoiti.685 . Avengers, or Vendicatori . 686. Belly Paaro. 687. CalifornianSociety . 688 . Cambridge Secret Society . 689 . Charlottenburg, Orderof. 690 . Church Masons . 691. Congourde, The. 692 . Druids, Modern.693 . Duk-Duk .694. Egbo Society. 695 . Fraticelli .696 . Goats,The . 697 . Grand Army of the Republic. 698 . Green Island. 699.Harugari. 700 . Hemp-smokers, African. 701 . Heroine of Jericho .702 . Human Leopards. 703 . Hunters, the. 704 . Huscanawer, 705 .Indian (North American) Societies . 706. Invisibles, the. 707 . Jehu,Society of . 708 . Karpokratians. 709 . Klobbergoll . 71o . Knights,the Order of. 711 . Know-Nothings. 712. Ku-Klux-Klan. 713 . KurnaiInitiation. 714. Liberty, Knights of. 715 . Lion, Knights of the.716 . Lion, the Sleeping. 717 . Ludlam's Cave . 718. Mad Councillors.719. Magi, Order of the . 720. MaMrajas. 721 . Mano Negra . 722 .

CONTENTSxPAGESMelanesian Societies .723. Mumbo-Jumbo. 724 . Odd Fellows.725 . O-Kee-Pa.726 . Pantheists. 727 . Patriotic Order . Sons ofAmerica . 728 . Phi-Beta-Kappa . 729. Pilgrims. 730 . Police, Secret.731 . Portuguese Societies. 732 . Purrah, the. 733 . Pythias, Knightsof. 734. Rebeccaites . 735 . Redemption, Order of . 736 . Red Men .737. Regeneration, Society of Universal . 738 . Saltpetrers. 739.Sikh Fanatics . 740. Silver Circle, Knights of the . 741 . SouderbareGesellen. 742. Sophisiens. 743 . Star of Bethlehem. 744. Thirteen,the. 745 . Tobaccological Society . 746 . Turf, Society of the . 747 .Utopia. 748 . Wahabees. 288-326ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDAVOL I.Page 36-Buddha's Image ; Work on Buddhist Religion ; Budda's lace recently discovered45-Temple of Hathor142-Family of Waldo168-Vehm, Lindner's work on the169-Beati Paoli-John of Parma198-Astrological Society in London .230-Master Pianco and the Rosicrucians .231-Asiatic Brethren and their Custodian of Archives258-Meaning of term Garduna .27o-The Camorra, Laws against the273-The Camorra, Grant's "Stories of Naples and the Camorra" .315-The German Union : Bahrdt and his mysterious VOL. can Architects and their sections .132-Tae-ping-wang, the Chinese Artista .139-Europe after the Congress of Vienna159-The Carbonari : the author of "The Memoirs of the SecretSocieties of the South of Italy, particularly the Carbonari" .207-Polish Patriotism : Courribre's opinion thereof .259-Baron von Stein on the Tugendbund and secret societies-Baronvon Stein, Privy Councillor to the Count Palatine of Cologne26o-The Tugendbuntd and the German rising .278-Fenians : O'Leary's "Recollections of Fenians and Fenianism"299-Human Leopards ; why so called-many secret societies on Westcoast of Africa301-Indian (North American) Societies : the legend of Manabozkoand Chibiabos330331331331331332332333333333

AUTHORITIES CONSULTEDN .B.-The books to the titles of which an * is prefixed are in the author'sown library.CARBONARI .*WRIGHTSON, R. H. History of Modern Italy . London, 1855 .*CANTT, C . Il Conciliatore e i Carbonari . Milano, 1878 .*Memoirs off the Secret Societies of the South of Italy, particularly theCarbonari . London, 1821 .SAINT-EDME. Constitution des Carbonari . Paris, 1821 .*DE WITT. Les Societes secretes de France et d'Italie . Paris, 1830.ORLOFF. Memoires sur le royaume de Naples .COLLETTA. Storia del reame di Napoli .LE BLANC . L'Histoire de Dix Ans .GROS. De Didier et autres conspirateurs sous la Restauration . Paris,1841 .*SANTINI, L . Cenno Storico sull' Origine della Carboneria e suoi'fastinelle provincie Napoletane. MS. 1881 . (This work was speciallywritten for "Secret Societies" by an Italian gentleman wellacquainted with the subject.)*CRAVEN, Hon . R. K . A Tour through the Southern Provinces ofNaples. 4to. Plates . London, 1821 .*Pitrt, G. Relation des Evenements Politiques et Militaires h Naplesen I82o et 1821 . Paris, 1822 .FREEMASONS.*BARRUELL, Abbe. The History of Jacobinism. Translated from theFrench . Four vols. London, 1797.BAZOT . Tableau historique, philosophique, et moral de la Magonnerieen France .BEDARRIDE . De l'Ordre magonnique de Misraim . Paris, 1845 .Vie de Joseph Balsamo . Paris, 1791 .Memoires authentiques pour servir h 1'Histoire de Cagliostro. Strasburg, 1786 .*CARLILE . Manual of Freemasonry. London, 1845 .CLAVEL, G. L. B . Histoire Pittoresque de la Franc-Magonnerie . Paris,1844 .xi8

AUTHORITIES CONSULTEDDE LA TIERCE . Histoire des Francs-Magons . 1745 .DERMOTT . The Ahiman Rezon .*EC RT, E . E . Verurtheilung des Freimaurer-Ordens . Three vols.Schaffhausen, 1863 .EYRERT . Les Martyrs de la Franc-Magonnerie en Espagne . Paris,1854.*FELLOWS . Mysteries of Freemasonry . London, 186o .*FINDEL, J. G . History of Freemasonry . With Preface by D. MurrayLyon. London, 1871 .*Fox, TE :os. L. Freemasonry. Account of Early History of Freemasonry in England . London, 1870.*Freemasons' Quarterly Review . London .*Freemasonry, Ritual of, including Account of Murder of WilliamMorgan. By a Traveller in the United States. Engravings .Devon, 1835 .HUTCHINSON. Spirit of Freemasonry .HELDMANN . Les trois plus anciens Monuments de la Confraternitemagonnique allemande.Le Monde Magonnique (periodical publication) . 1 859- 79.Procedures de l'Inquisition de Portugal contre les Francs-Magons . 1740.JUGE. Le Globe ; Archives generales des Societes secretes, non politiques. Paris .LENNING. Encyclopeedie der Freimaurerei .LENOIR. La Franc-Magonnerie rendue a sa veritable Origine.LINDNER, W. Mac-Benach . Leipsic, 1819.*MACKEY . Lexicon of Freemasonry. London, 1867 .*Fatti ed Argomenti intorno alla Massoneria . Genova, 1862 .Masonry the same all over the World . Boston, 1830.*Origine de la Magonnerie Adonhiramite . Helyopolis, 1787 .MOUNIER . De l'Influence attribuee aux Philosophes, aux FrancsMagons et aux Illumines sur la Revolution de France . Paris,18oi .Les plus secrets Mysteres de la Franc- Magonnerie . Jerusalem (Paris),1774.*OLIVER. History of Initiations. London, 1841 .Theocratic Philosophy of Freemasonry . London, 1840.Programma Massonico adottato dalla Massoneria Italiana Ricostituta .1863.*RADON. Cours philosophique des Initiations anciennes et modernes .Paris, 1841 .Manuel Complet de la Magonnerie des Dames. Paris, 186o.*RADON, J . M . La Francmagonnerie . Paris, N .D .*WEISSE, J . A . The Obelisk of Freemasonry, according to the Discoveries of Belzoni. Plates. New York, 188o .*WADZER, F. Leben and Schicksale von F . M. Grossinger. Frankfurt, 1789.*Francs-Magons, L'Ordre des, trahi et le Secret des Mopses revel6Plates . Amsterdam, 1745 .

AUTHORITIES CONSULTEDgut*Sarsena oder der Vollkommene Baumeister . Leipzig, i86o.*Warfare of Freemasonry against Church and State, The Secret . Translated from the German . London, 1875 .*ZsoaoK", H . Gesatnmelte Schriften . Thirty-six vole . Aarau, 185o.*ROBISON, J. Proofs of a Conspiracy against all the Religions andGovernments of Europe . Second edition. London, 1797.*SAINT-FILLIX . Aventures de Cagliostro. Paris, 1854 .SAINT-VICTOR. La Vraie Magbnnerie d'Adoption . London, 1779 .The Secrets of Freemasonry Revealed . London, 1759 .A Master-Key to Freemasonry. -London, 1760 .*SPRATT, E. Constitutions for the Use of the Grand Lodges in Ireland .Dublin, 1752 .VERNHES. Defense de l'Ordre de Misraim .DE WIDERIND . Geschichte der Freimaurerei in Deutschland .OFFEG, A . Der Hammer der Freimaurerei am Kaiserthrone der Habsburger . Amberg and Leipzig, 188o.*DALEN, C. VAN. Kalender fur Freimaurer auf das Jahr 1894 .Leipzig, 1894.*RHODOCANAKIS, Prince. The Imperial Constantinian Order of St .George . 4to. London, 1870 .INTERNATIONAL AND COMMUNE .Contemporary journalism of various countries .MAZZINI. Scritti editi e inediti . Milan, 1861-3.Histoire de l'Internationale. Par Jacques Populus . Paris, 187 1 .*La Fin du Bonapartisme .; Par E. de Pompery. Paris, 1872.*La Comune di Parigi nel 1871 . Per J. Cantd . Milano, 1873 .*WRIGHTSON, R . H. History of Modern Italy. London, 1855 .*BARONI, C. I Lombardi nelle Guerre Italiane, 1848-9 . Torino, 1856.*VILLETARD, E . Histoire de l'Internationale. Paris, 1872.*YORKE, 0 . Secret History of the International . London, 1872 .IRISH SOCIETIES.*Incipient Irish Revolution : an Expose of - Fenianism of To-day.London, 1889 .*WATERS, THos . The Ribbonman ; or, The Secret Tribunal . Glasgow, N.D .*MOORE, THos . Life of Lord Edward Fitzgerald .*Speeches from the Dock ; or, Protests of Irish Patriotism .Contemporary Journalism.RuTHERFORD, JOHN . The Secret History of the Fenian Conspiracy .London, 1877.

xivAUTHORITIES CONSULTED*FROST, THos . The Secret Societies of the European Revolution . Two vols. London, 1876.*LE CARON, H . Twenty-five Years in the Secret Service . London,1892 .*HOPKINS, T. Kilmainham Memories. The Story of the GreatestPolitical Crime of the Century . London, 1896.*DOwsETT, C . F. Striking Events in Irish History . London, 1890 .MISCELLANEOUS .*BLAODON, F. W. Geography of Africa . Maps and plates . London .Der Abelit. 4to. Leipzig, 1746.Zuverlassige Nachrichten fiber Schonherrs Leben . Konigsberg, 1839 .(Mucker.)SCHOOLCRAFT, H. R . History of the Iroquois . New York, 1846 .- Algic Researches . New York, 1 8 39.*BELL, H . J. Obeah : Witchcraft in the West Indies . London, 1893.BATEMAN, C. S . LATROBE. First Ascent of the Kasai ; being someRecords of Service under the Lone Star . London, 1889.*RovANI, GIUSEPPE . Cento Anni . Two vols. Milano, 1889.WAKE, C. S. Memoirs of International Congress of Anthropology .Chicago, 1894ROTa, H. L. Aborigines of Tasmania. London, 189o .- Aborigines of Hispaniola. London, 1887 .MORGAN, L. H . League of Ho-de-no-sau-nee, or Iroquois . Rochester(New York), 1851 .DINAUx, A. M . Les Societes Badines . Two vols. Paris, 1867 .KINGSLEY, MARY H. Travels in West Africa . London, 1897 .HENNE AM RHYN, OTTO. Das Buch der Mysteries . Leipzig, 1891 .POLITICAL .*BRUCK, H . Geheime Gesellschaften in Spanien . Mainz, 1881 .*BARRUELL, Abbe . The History of Jacobinism. Translated from theFrench. Four vols. London, 1797 .*BLACKETT, H. Garibaldi : His Life and Times. Illustrated. London,1882 .*BONNEMERE, E . Histoire de la Jacquerie. Paris, N.D.*Contemporary Journalism .*CANTU, J . L'Incendio di Parigi nel 1871 . Milano, 1873 . Lemonnier, A . Histoire de la Revolution de Paris . Two vols . Bordeaux, 1871 .*CARRANA, T. Della Difesa di Venezia. Genova, 1850.*CAUSSIDIERE . Memoirs of Citizen ; or, Secret History of the Revolution of 1848 . Two vols. London, 1848.*GOLOVINE, IVAN. L'Europe Rdvolutionnaire . Paris, 1849 .

AUTHORITIES CONSULTEDxv*GARIBALDI, G. Autobiography . Translated by A. Werner. Threevols. London, 1889.*HODDE, L. de la . Geschichte der Geheimen Gesellschaften and derrepublikanischen Partei in Frankreich von 1830-1848 . Aus demFranzosischen . Basel, 1851 .*HORNER, S. A Century of Despotism in Naples and Sicily . Edinburgh, 1840 .*LAMMONIER, A . La Revolution de Paris . Bordeaux, 1871 .*MAYERS, Rev. M. J . Note-Book of the late Civil War in Switzerland(Sonderbund War) . London and Zurich, 1848 .*Monthly Magazine and British Register. Fifty-seven vols. FromFebruary 1796 to July 1824 . London .*PLAYFAIR, WILLIAM . History of Jacobinism . London, 1795 .*DUMAS, A . Les Garibaldiens . Paris, 1868 .*BEAIIMONT-VASSY, Vicomte de . Histoire des tats Italiens depuis leCongres de Vienne. Bruxelles, 1851 .*ROCCA. Memoirs of the War of the French in Spain . ' Translatedby M. Graham. London, 1815 .*Proces contre Demerville et autres prevenus de conspiration contreBonaparte. Paris, au IX.*D'ARLINCOIIRT, Vte . de. L'Italie Rouge . Paris, 1850 .*BARONI, C. I Lombardi nelle Guerre Italiane, 1848-9. Torino, 1856 .*Secret Societies of the Army for the Destruction of the Governmentof Bonaparte. London, 1815 .*Sejour d'un Officier Francais en Calabre. Paris, 1820 .*Die Geheimen Deutschen Verbindungen in der Schweiz seit 1833 .Basel, 1847 .*MULLER, E. D . Politica Segreta Italiana. Torino, i88o .SCHLEG3EL, G. Thian ti Hwin (the Hung League). 40 . 1866 .DOOLITTLE: Social Life of Chinese . London, 1869 .*WALTON, W . The Revolutions in Spain . Two vols. London, 1837 .*SANTA-ROSA . La R6volution Pi6montaise en 1821 . Paris, 1822 .NIEBUHR, B . G. Ueber Geheime Verbindungen im preussischen Staat.Berlin, 1815 .*BROWNE, E . G. A Traveller's Narrative to illustrate the Episode ofthe Bib. Cambridge, 1891 .SELL, E . The Bab and the Bibis . Madras, 1895 .GOBINEAU, J . A . de. Les Religions et lee Philosophies dans l'Asie.Centrale . Paris, 1865 .*Parliamentary Paper : Further Correspondence respecting AntiForeign Riots in China . March, 1892 . Fol .*Revue Retrospective, on Archives Secretes du Dernier Gouvernement[de France], 1830-1848 . 4to . Paris, 1848 .*TEDESCHI, C. I Milanesi a Venafro. Milano, 1861 .*BARTHOLDY, K. M. Geschichte Griechenlands. Two vols . Leipzig,1874.*KEIL, R . Die Griindung der deutschen Burschenschaft in Jena.Jena 1883 .

xviAUTHORITIES CONSULTED*STREITER, J . Studien eines Tirolers. Leipzig, i86i.BARTHOLDY, J. L. S . Der Krieg der Tyroler Landleute . Berlin, 1814.ILSE, L . F. Geschichte der politischen Untersuchungen vbn 1819-27. and von 1833-42 . Frankfurt, i 86o.Rossi, P . La Morte del Ministro Rossi. Roma, 1848.SCHOOLCRAFT, H. R. Notes on the Iroquois. Albany, 1847 .CODRINOTON, R. H. The Melanesians. Oxford, 189i .FERRERO DELLA MARINORA . Un poco ph di Luce . Firenze, 1873 .THOMSON, J . The Straits of Malacca. London, 1875.*BAUR, W. . Das Leben des Freiherrn vom Stein . Berlin, 189i .RUSSIAN POLITICAL SOCIETIES .*Duc, L . de. La Russie Contemporaine. Paris, 1854 .*LAVIGNE, E. L'Histoire du Nihilisme Russe . Paris, 188o .*Revelations of Russia in 1846. Two vols . Plates. London, 1846 .*Russie. Memoires Secrets sur la Russie sur la Fin du Regne deCatherine I I. et sur Celui de Paul I. Four vols. Paris, 1804 .MICHALOF, G . Die Geheinie Werkstatte der Polnischen Erhebung von1830, mit Streiflichtern auf Russland and Frankreich . Leipzig,1877 .*SCHNITZLER, J . H . Histoire Intime de la Russie sous Alexandre etNicolas. Two vols . Paris, 1847 .*SCHERR, JoH . Die Nihilisten. Leipzig, 1885 .*STEPNIAK . La Russia Sotterranea. Milano, 1882 .*- Underground Russia . Translated from the Italian . London,1883 .*THUN, A . Geschichte der Revolutionaeren Bewegungen in Russland.Leipzig, 1883 .*Deutsche Rundschau, Geheime Denkschrift caber die NihilistischenUmtriebe vom Jahre 1875 . June 1881 .*Unsere Zeit, 7 ea Heft, 1886. Russlands innere Zustande : Der Nihilismus and die Reformen .*Contemporary Journalism.*Century, January 1888 . Russian Provincial Prisons . .*- February 1888. Russian Political Prisons.

BOOK XIFREEMASONRYVOL. 11 .A

SECRET SOCIETIESFREEMASONRYITHE LEGEND OF THE TEMPLE383 . Ancestry of Hiram Abi .-Solomon having determined on the erection of the temple, collected artificers,divided them into companies, and put them under the command of Adoniram or Hiram Abiff, the architect sent to himby his friend and ' ally Hiram, king of Tyre . According tomythical tradition, the ancestry of the builders of the mystical.temple was as follows : One of the Elohim, or primitive genii,- married Eve and had a son called Cain (120) ; whilst Jehovahor Adonai, another of the Elohim, created Adam and unitedhim with Eve to bring forth the family of Abel, to, whomwere subjected the sons of Cain, as a punishment for thetransgression of Eve. Cain, though industriously cultivating the soil, yet derived little produce from it, whilst Abel-leisurely tended his flocks . Adonai rejected the gifts and:sacrifices of Cain, and stirred up strife between the sons ofthe Elohim, generated out of fire, and the sons formed out of-the earth only. Cain killed Abel, and Adonai, pursuing hissons, subjected to the sons of Abel the noble family that invented the arts and diffused science .' Enoch, a son, of Cain,taught men to hew stones, construct edifices, and form civil,societies . Irad and Mehujael, his son and grandson, setboundaries to the waters and fashioned cedars into beams .Methusael, another of his descendants, invented the sacredcharacters, the books of Tau and the symbolic T, by whichthe workers descended from the genii of fire recognised eachother. Lamech, whose prophecies are inexplicable to the3 In the Puranas the ingenuity of the descendants of Cain, and thedegree of perfection to which they carried the arts of civil life, are highlyextolled.3

4SECRET SOCIETIESprofane, was the father of Jabal, who first taught men howto dress camels' skins ; of Jubal, who discovered the harp ;of Naamah, who discovered the arts of spinning and weaving ;1 of Tubal-Cain, who first constructed a furnace, worked inmetals, and dug subterranean caves in the mountains to savej his race Our ug the Deluge ; but it perished nevertheless, andonly Tubal-Cain and his son, the sole survivors of the gloriousand gigantic family, came out alive .The wife of Ham,second son of Noah, thought the son of Tubal-Cain handsomer than the sons of men, and he became progenitor ofNimrod, who taught his brethren the art of hunting, andfounded Babylon . Adoniram, the descendant of TubalCain, seemed called by God to lead the militia of the freemen, connecting the sons of fire with the sons of thought,progress, and truth.384 . Hiram, Solomon, and the Queen of Sheba .-By Hiram-was erected a marvellous building, the Temple of Solomon .He raised the golden throne of Solomon, most beautifullywrought, and built many other glorious edifices . But,melancholy amidst all his greatness, he lived alone, understood and loved by few, hated by many, and among others,by Solomon, envious of his genius and glory . Now the.fame of the wisdom of Solomon spread to the remotest endsof the earth ; and Balkis, the Queen of Sheba, came to Jerusalem to greet the great king and behold the marvels of hisreign . She found Solomon seated on a throne of gilt cedarwood, arrayed in cloth of gold, so that at first she seemedto behold a statue of gold with hands 'of ivory . Solomonreceived her

SECRET SOCIETIES OF ALL AGES AND COUNTRIES A Comprehensive Account of upwards of One Hundred and Sixty Secret Organisations-Religious, Political, and Social-from the most Remote Ages down to the Present Time Embracing the Mysteries of Ancient India, China, Japan, Egypt, Mexico, Peru, G