Transcription
CHRONOLOGICALKORAN1
Chronological KoranThe meaning in English by M H ShakirMuhammad Habib Shakir, (1866–1939)was an Egyptian judge, born in Cairo anda graduate from Al Azhar University.Arranged in reverse chronological order. Themost recent Sūra (chapter) at the beginning,to assist with the study of Abrogation.Available in printed form, and as a freedownload from:www.lulu.com/SolaVirtusFurther information:http://sola-virtus.blogspot.com/2
ChronologyThe reverse chronological order of the chapters as far as can be judged, isas follows, with the most recent first:Medina phase:110, 9, 5, 48, 62, 61, 64, 66, 49, 58, 63, 22, 24, 59, 98, 65, 76, 55, 13, 47, 57,99, 4, 60, 33, 3, 8, 2Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD):83, 29, 30, 84, 82, 79, 78, 70, 69, 67, 52, 32, 23, 21, 14, 71, 16, 18, 88, 51,46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD):40, 39, 34, 31, 37, 6, 15, 12, 11, 10, 17, 28, 27, 26, 56, 20, 19, 35, 25, 36, 72,7, 38, 54, 86, 90, 50, 77, 104, 75Early Mecca phase:101. 106, 95. 85, 91, 97, 80, 53, 112, 114, 113, 105, 109, 107, 102, 108, 100,103, 94, 93, 89, 92, 87, 81, 111, 1, 74, 73, 68, 963
Table of ContentsMEDINA PHASE.7Sūra 110: The Help.7Sūra 9: The Immunity.7Sūra 5: The Dinner Table.17Sūra 48: The Victory.29Sūra 62: The Congregation.31Sūra 61: The Ranks.32Sūra 64: The Mutual Deceit.33Sūra 66: The Prohibition.35Sūra 49: The Chambers.36Sūra 58: She Who Pleaded.37Sūra 63: The Hypocrites.39Sūra 22: The Pilgrimage.40Sūra 24: The Light.46Sūra 59: The Banishment.51Sūra 98: The Clear Evidence.53Sūra 65: The Divorce.54Sūra 76: Time.55Sūra 55: The Beneficent.57Sūra 13: The Thunder.59Sūra 47: Muhammad.63Sūra 57: The Iron.65Sūra 99: The Quaking.68Sūra 4: The Women.68Sūra 60: The Examined One.83Sūra 33: The Clans.85Sūra 3: The Family of Imran.91Sūra 8: The Accessions.105Sūra 2: The Cow.111LATE MECCA PHASE.135Sūra 83: The Deceivers in Measuring.135Sūra 29: The Spider.136Sūra 30: The Romans.141Sūra 84: The Rending Asunder.145Sūra 82: The Cleaving.145Sūra 79: The Draggers.146Sūra 78: The Great Event.147Sūra 70: The Ways of Ascent.1494
Sūra 69: The Inevitable.150Sūra 67: The Kingdom.152Sūra 52: The Mountain.154Sūra 32: The Adoration.156Sūra 23: The Believers.158Sūra 21: The Prophets.163Sūra 14: Abraham.169Sūra 71: Nuh.172Sūra 16: The Bee.174Sūra 18: The Cave.182Sūra 88: The Overwhelming Calamity.189Sūra 51: The Scatterers.190Sūra 46: The Sandhills.192Sūra 45: The Kneeling.195Sūra 44: The Smoke.197Sūra 43: Ornaments of Gold.199Sūra 42: The Counsel.204Sūra 41: Ha Mim.207MIDDLE MECCA PHASE.211Sūra 40: The Believer.211Sūra 39: The Companions.216Sūra 34: The Saba.222Sūra 31: Luqman.226Sūra 37: The Rangers.228Sūra 6: The Cattle.233Sūra 15: The Rock.246Sūra 12: Yusuf.250Sūra 11: The Holy Prophet.257Sūra 10: Jonah.266Sūra 17: The Children of Israel.273Sūra 28: The Narratives.281Sūra 27: The Ant.287Sūra 26: The Poets.292Sūra 56: The Event.299Sūra 20: Ta Ha.302Sūra 19: Marium.308Sūra 35: The Originator.313Sūra 25: The Distinction.317Sūra 36: Yasin.321Sūra 72: The Jinn.325Sūra 7: The Elevated Places.326Sūra 38: Suad.3415
Sūra 54: The Moon.345Sūra 86: The Nightly Visitant.347Sūra 90: The City.347Sūra 50: Qaf.348Sūra 77: The Sent Forth.350Sūra 104: The Slanderer.352Sūra 75: The Resurrection.352EARLY MECCA PHASE.353Sūra 101: The Calamity.353Sūra 106: The Qureaish.354Sūra 95: The Fig.354Sūra 85: The Celestial Stations.354Sūra 91: The Sun.355Sūra 97: The Grandeur.356Sūra 80: He Frowned.356Sūra 53: The Star.357Sūra 112: The Unity.359Sūra 114: The People.359Sūra 113: The Dawn.360Sūra 105: The Elephant.360Sūra 109: The Disbelievers.360Sūra 107: Alms.361Sūra 102: Vying in Abundance.361Sūra 108: The Abundance of Good.361Sūra 100: The Chargers.362Sūra 103: The Age.362Sūra 94: The Expansion.362Sūra 93: The Brightness.363Sūra 89: The Daybreak.363Sūra 92: The Night.364Sūra 87: The Most High.365Sūra 81: The Folded Up.366Sūra 111: The Flame.367Sūra 1: The Opening.367Sūra 74: The Covered One.367Sūra 73: The Wrapped Up.369Sūra 68: The Pen.370Sūra 96: The Clot.3726
MEDINA PHASESūra 110: The HelpIn the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.[110.1] When there comes the help of Allah and the victory,[110.2] And you see men entering the religion of Allah in companies,[110.3] Then celebrate the praise of your Lord, and ask His forgiveness;surely He is oft-returning (to mercy).Sūra 9: The Immunity[9.1] (This is a declaration of) immunity by Allah and His Apostle towardsthose of the idolaters with whom you made an agreement.[9.2] So go about in the land for four months and know that you cannotweaken Allah and that Allah will bring disgrace to the unbelievers.[9.3] And an announcement from Allah and His Apostle to the people onthe day of the greater pilgrimage that Allah and His Apostle are free fromliability to the idolaters; therefore if you repent, it will be better for you, andif you turn back, then know that you will not weaken Allah; and announcepainful punishment to those who disbelieve.[9.4] Except those of the idolaters with whom you made an agreement,then they have not failed you in anything and have not backed up any oneagainst you, so fulfill their agreement to the end of their term; surely Allahloves those who are careful (of their duty).[9.5] So when the sacred months have passed away, then slay the idolaterswherever you find them, and take them captives and besiege them and lie inwait for them in every ambush, then if they repent and keep up prayer andpay the poor-rate, leave their way free to them; surely Allah is Forgiving,Merciful.[9.6] And if one of the idolaters seek protection from you, grant himprotection till he hears the word of Allah, then make him attain his place ofsafety; this is because they are a people who do not know.[9.7] How can there be an agreement for the idolaters with Allah and withHis Apostle; except those with whom you made an agreement at the SacredMosque? So as long as they are true to you, be true to them; surely Allahloves those who are careful (of their duty).7
[9.8] How (can it be)! while if they prevail against you, they would not payregard in your case to ties of relationship, nor those of covenant; theyplease you with their mouths while their hearts do not consent; and most ofthem are transgressors.[9.9] They have taken a small price for the communications of Allah, sothey turn away from His way; surely evil is it that they do.[9.10] They do not pay regard to ties of relationship nor those of covenantin the case of a believer; and these are they who go beyond the limits.[9.11] But if they repent and keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate, they areyour brethren in faith; and We make the communications clear for a peoplewho know.[9.12] And if they break their oaths after their agreement and (openly) revileyour religion, then fight the leaders of unbelief-- surely their oaths arenothing-- so that they may desist.[9.13] What! will you not fight a people who broke their oaths and aimed atthe expulsion of the Apostle, and they attacked you first; do you fear them?But Allah is most deserving that you should fear Him, if you are believers.[9.14] Fight them, Allah will punish them by your hands and bring them todisgrace, and assist you against them and heal the hearts of a believingpeople.[9.15] And remove the rage of their hearts; and Allah turns (mercifully) towhom He pleases, and Allah is Knowing, Wise.[9.16] What! do you think that you will be left alone while Allah has not yetknown those of you who have struggled hard and have not taken any oneas an adherent besides Allah and His Apostle and the believers; and Allah isaware of what you do.[9.17] The idolaters have no right to visit the mosques of Allah whilebearing witness to unbelief against themselves, these it is whose doings arenull, and in the fire shall they abide.[9.18] Only he shall visit the mosques of Allah who believes in Allah andthe latter day, and keeps up prayer and pays the poor-rate and fears nonebut Allah; so (as for) these, it may be that they are of the followers of theright course.[9.19] What! do you make (one who undertakes) the giving of drink to thepilgrims and the guarding of the Sacred Mosque like him who believes inAllah and the latter day and strives hard in Allah's way? They are not equalwith Allah; and Allah does not guide the unjust people.[9.20] Those who believed and fled (their homes), and strove hard inAllah's way with their property and their souls, are much higher in rankwith Allah; and those are they who are the achievers (of their objects).[9.21] Their Lord gives them good news of mercy from Himself and (His)good pleasure and gardens, wherein lasting blessings shall be theirs;[9.22] Abiding therein for ever; surely Allah has a Mighty reward with Him.8
[9.23] O you who believe! do not take your fathers and your brothers forguardians if they love unbelief more than belief; and whoever of you takesthem for a guardian, these it is that are the unjust.[9.24] Say: If your fathers and your sons and your brethren and your matesand your kinsfolk and property which you have acquired, and the slacknessof trade which you fear and dwellings which you like, are dearer to you thanAllah and His Apostle and striving in His way, then wait till Allah bringsabout His command: and Allah does not guide the transgressing people.[9.25] Certainly Allah helped you in many battlefields and on the day ofHunain, when your great numbers made you vain, but they availed younothing and the earth became strait to you notwithstanding itsspaciousness, then you turned back retreating.[9.26] Then Allah sent down His tranquillity upon His Apostle and uponthe believers, and sent down hosts which you did not see, and chastisedthose who disbelieved, and that is the reward of the unbelievers.[9.27] Then will Allah after this turn (mercifully) to whom He pleases, andAllah is Forgiving, Merciful.[9.28] O you who believe! the idolaters are nothing but unclean, so theyshall not approach the Sacred Mosque after this year; and if you fearpoverty then Allah will enrich you out of His grace if He please; surelyAllah is Knowing Wise.[9.29] Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the latter day, nor dothey prohibit what Allah and His Apostle have prohibited, nor follow thereligion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they paythe tax in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state ofsubjection.[9.30] And the Jews say: Uzair is the son of Allah; and the Christians say:The Messiah is the son of Allah; these are the words of their mouths; theyimitate the saying of those who disbelieved before; may Allah destroy them;how they are turned away![9.31] They have taken their doctors of law and their monks for lordsbesides Allah, and (also) the Messiah son of Marium and they wereenjoined that they should serve one God only, there is no god but He; farfrom His glory be what they set up (with Him).[9.32] They desire to put out the light of Allah with their mouths, and Allahwill not consent save to perfect His light, though the unbelievers are averse.[9.33] He it is Who sent His Apostle with guidance and the religion oftruth, that He might cause it to prevail over all religions, though thepolytheists may be averse.[9.34] O you who believe! most surely many of the doctors of law and themonks eat away the property of men falsely, and turn (them) from Allah'sway; and (as for) those who hoard up gold and silver and do not spend it inAllah's way, announce to them a painful chastisement,9
[9.35] On the day when it shall be heated in the fire of hell, then theirforeheads and their sides and their backs shall be branded with it; this iswhat you hoarded up for yourselves, therefore taste what you hoarded.[9.36] Surely the number of months with Allah is twelve months in Allah'sordinance since the day when He created the heavens and the earth, ofthese four being sacred; that is the right reckoning; therefore be not unjustto yourselves regarding them, and fight the polytheists all together as theyfight you all together; and know that Allah is with those who guard (againstevil).[9.37] Postponing (of the sacred month) is only an addition in unbelief,wherewith those who disbelieve are led astray, violating it one year andkeeping it sacred another, that they may agree in the number (of months)that Allah has made sacred, and thus violate what Allah has made sacred;the evil of their doings is made fairseeming to them; and Allah does notguide the unbelieving people.[9.38] O you who believe! What (excuse) have you that when it is said toyou: Go forth in Allah's way, you should incline heavily to earth; are youcontented with this world's life instead of the hereafter? But the provisionof this world's life compared with the hereafter is but little.[9.39] If you do not go forth, He will chastise you with a painfulchastisement and bring in your place a people other than you, and you willdo Him no harm; and Allah has power over all things.[9.40] If you will not aid him, Allah certainly aided him when those whodisbelieved expelled him, he being the second of the two, when they wereboth in the cave, when he said to his companion: Grieve not, surely Allah iswith us. So Allah sent down His tranquillity upon him and strengthenedhim with hosts which you did not see, and made lowest the word of thosewho disbelieved; and the word of Allah, that is the highest; and Allah isMighty, Wise.[9.41] Go forth light and heavy, and strive hard in Allah's way with yourproperty and your persons; this is better for you, if you know.[9.42] Had it been a near advantage and a short journey, they wouldcertainly have followed you, but the tedious journey was too long for them;and they swear by Allah: If we had been able, we would certainly have goneforth with you; they cause their own souls to perish, and Allah knows thatthey are most surely[9.43] Allah pardon you! Why did you give them leave until those whospoke the truth had become manifest to you and you had known the liars?[9.44] They do not ask leave of you who believe in Allah and the latter day(to stay away) from striving hard with their property and their persons, andAllah knows those who guard (against evil).[9.45] They only ask leave of you who do not believe in Allah and the latterday and their hearts are in doubt, so in their doubt do they waver.10
[9.46] And if they had intended to go forth, they would certainly haveprovided equipment for it, but Allah did not like their going forth, so Hewithheld them, and it was said (to them): Hold back with those who holdback.[9.47] Had they gone forth with you, they would not have added to youaught save corruption, and they would certainly have hurried about amongyou seeking (to sow) dissension among you, and among you there are thosewho hearken for their sake; and Allah knows the unjust.[9.48] Certainly they sought (to sow) dissension before, and they meditatedplots against you until the truth came, and Allah's commandment prevailedalthough they were averse (from it).[9.49] And among them there is he who says: Allow me and do not try me.Surely into trial have they already tumbled down, and most surely hellencompasses the unbelievers.[9.50] If good befalls you, it grieves them, and if hardship afflicts you, theysay: Indeed we had taken care of our affair before; and they turn back andare glad.[9.51] Say: Nothing will afflict us save what Allah has ordained for us; He isour Patron; and on Allah let the believers rely.[9.52] Say: Do you await for us but one of two most excellent things? Andwe await for you that Allah will afflict you with punishment from Himselfor by our hands. So wait; we too will wait with you.[9.53] Say: Spend willingly or unwillingly, it shall not be accepted from you;surely you are a transgressing people.[9.54] And nothing hinders their spendings being accepted from them,except that they disbelieve in Allah and in His Apostle and they do notcome to prayer but while they are sluggish, and they do not spend but whilethey are unwilling.[9.55] Let not then their property and their children excite your admiration;Allah only wishes to chastise them with these in this world's life and (that)their souls may depart while they are unbelievers.[9.56] And they swear by Allah that they are most surely of you, and theyare not of you, but they are a people who are afraid (of you).[9.57] If they could find a refuge or cave or a place to enter into, they wouldcertainly have turned thereto, running away in all haste.[9.58] And of them there are those who blame you with respect to the alms;so if they are given from it they are pleased, and if they are not given fromit, lo! they are full of rage.[9.59] And if they were content with what Allah and His Apostle gavethem, and had said: Allah is sufficient for us; Allah will soon give us (more)out of His grace and His Apostle too; surely to Allah do we make ourpetition.[9.60] Alms are only for the poor and the needy, and the officials11
(appointed) over them, and those whose hearts are made to incline (totruth) and the (ransoming of) captives and those in debts and in the way ofAllah and the wayfarer; an ordinance from Allah; and Allah is knowing,Wise.[9.61] And there are some of them who molest the Prophet and say: He isone who believes every thing that he hears; say: A hearer of good for you(who) believes in Allah and believes the faithful and a mercy for those ofyou who believe; and (as for) those who molest the Apostle of Allah, theyshall have a painful punishment.[9.62] They swear to you by Allah that they might please you and, Allah, aswell as His Apostle, has a greater right that they should please Him, if theyare believers.[9.63] Do they not know that whoever acts in opposition to Allah and HisApostle, he shall surely have the fire of hell to abide in it? That is thegrievous abasement.[9.64] The hypocrites fear lest a chapter should be sent down to themtelling them plainly of what is in their hearts. Say: Go on mocking, surelyAllah will bring forth what you fear.[9.65] And if you should question them, they would certainly say: We wereonly idly discoursing and sporting. Say: Was it at Allah and Hiscommunications and His Apostle that you mocked?[9.66] Do not make excuses; you have denied indeed after you had believed;if We pardon a party of you, We will chastise (another) party because theyare guilty.[9.67] The hypocritical men and the hypocritical women are all alike; theyenjoin evil and forbid good and withhold their hands; they have forsakenAllah, so He has forsaken them; surely the hypocrites are the transgressors.[9.68] Allah has promised the hypocritical men and the hypocritical womenand the unbelievers the fire of hell to abide therein; it is enough for them;and Allah has cursed them and they shall have lasting punishment.[9.69] Like those before you; they were stronger than you in power andmore abundant in wealth and children, so they enjoyed their portion; thushave you enjoyed your portion as those before you enjoyed their portion;and you entered into vain discourses like the vain discourses in whichentered those before you. These are they whose works are null in this worldand the hereafter, and these are they who are the losers.[9.70] Has not the news of those before them come to them; of the peopleof Nuh and Ad and Samood, and the people of Ibrahim and the dwellers ofMadyan and the overthrown cities; their apostles came to them with cleararguments; so it was not Allah Who should do them injustice, but they wereunjust to themselves.[9.71] And (as for) the believing men and the believing women, they areguardians of each other; they enjoin good and forbid evil and keep up12
prayer and pay the poor-rate, and obey Allah and His Apostle; (as for)these, Allah will show mercy to them; surely Allah is Mighty, Wise.[9.72] Allah has promised to the believing men and the believing womengardens, beneath which rivers flow, to abide in them, and goodly dwellingsin gardens of perpetual abode; and best of all is Allah's goodly pleasure; thatis the grand achievement.[9.73] O Prophet! strive hard against the unbelievers and the hypocrites andbe unyielding to them; and their abode is hell, and evil is the destination.[9.74] They swear by Allah that they did not speak, and certainly they didspeak, the word of unbelief, and disbelieved after their Islam, and they haddetermined upon what they have not been able to effect, and they did notfind fault except because Allah and His Apostle enriched them out of Hisgrace; therefore if they repent, it will be good for them; and if they turnback, Allah will chastise them with a painful chastisement in this world andthe hereafter, and they shall not have in the land any guardian or a helper.[9.75] And there are those of them who made a covenant with Allah: If Hegive us out of His grace, we will certainly give alms and we will certainly beof the good.[9.76] But when He gave them out of His grace, they became niggardly of itand they turned back and they withdrew.[9.77] So He made hypocrisy to follow as a consequence into their heartstill the day when they shall meet Him because they failed to performtowards Allah what they had promised with Him and because they told lies.[9.78] Do they not know that Allah knows their hidden thoughts and theirsecret counsels, and that Allah is the great Knower of the unseen things?[9.79] They who taunt those of the faithful who give their alms freely, andthose who give to the extent of their earnings and scoff at them; Allah willpay them back their scoffing, and they shall have a painful chastisement.[9.80] Ask forgiveness for them or do
Chronological Koran The meaning in English by M H Shakir Muhammad Habib Shakir, (1866–1939) was an Egyptian judge, born in Cairo and a graduate from Al Azhar University. Arranged in reverse chronological order. The most recent Sūra (chapter) at the beginning, to assist with the study of
