Transcription
Basic Principles in Clinical BiochemistryìBy Mohsin Al-Saleh Objectives: Define clinical biochemistry. Describe the uses of biochemical tests. Describe the routine tests done in clinical chemistry. Describe sample analysis and interpretation of results. Highlight the importance of routine clinical chemistry tests in the diagnosis,prognosis, monitoring and screening for disease. Describe special chemistry test and correlate lab results with disease states.
Clinical Biochemistry Process5
Clinical Biochemistryì Also known as chemical pathology, clinical chemistry, and ormedical biochemistry. Its an area which concerned generally inthe analysis of body fluids. For example; serum, plasma, urine,whole blood, CSF, sweat, and others. For diagnostic andtherapeutic purpose. Wide variety of techniques (chemicalprocesses) used to analyze substances like; substrates,enzymes, proteins, ions, amino acids, cholesterols, etc.
Uses of Biochemical TestSome of most Common Clinical Biochemistry Profiles/Tests/MarkersKidney Function Test (Kidney)Serum Protein Electrophoresis (MM)Liver Function Test (Liver)Urine Protein Electrophoresis (MM)Bone Profile (Bone mineralization)MSUD Profile (Inborn Errors of Metabolism)Lipid Profile (Heart)PKU Profile (Inborn Errors of Metabolism)Cardiac Markers (Heart)Amino Acids Profile (Inborn Errors of Metabolism)Sweat Tests (Inborn Errors of Metabolism)Stone analysis (Kidney)Fertility Tests (Hormones)Iron ProfileTherapeutic Drugs Monitoring (Drug)Catecholamines TestDrug of Abuse Test (Toxicology)Porphyrins/PBG Test
Routine Biochemical TestsSome of Routine Clinical Biochemistry TestsKidney Function TestNa , K , Cl-, urea and creatinineLiver Function TestALT, AST,ALP, Alb, Tbili, and total proteinBone ProfileALP, phosphate, Ca2 , Alb, and AlbCoRCaLipid ProfileTchol, LDL, HDL, VLDL, and TriglyceridesCardiac MarkersCK, CKMB, and Troponin (I)Therapeutic Drugs MonitoringBenz, TCA, ACETO, etcDrug of Abuse TestMorphine, Tramadol, Cocaine, etcIron ProfilesS-Iron and Transferrin
Sample analysisì It varies from sample to sample (types). Or from test to testì Some samples requires immediate running and some may storeì Depends also on specific sample collection criteriaì Depends on patients diagnosisì Types of clinical biochemistry test (screening, definitive,confirmatory)ì Analytes nature (stability) e.g. blood gas
Sample analysis
Interpretation of resultsì Depends on type of dataì TATì Type of the test (screening, definitive, and confirmatory)ì Severity of patient condition (disease)ì BMS (Professionalism)ì Profile testing
Interpretation of resultsì Types of Data (Results):1. Qualitative Results ( /-)2. Semi-Quantitative Results (Fraction or %)3. Quantitative results (e.g. concentration)
Interpretation of results
Importance of Routine Clinical Chemistry Testsì Diagnostic Test: Is a procedure perform to confirm, or determinethe presence of disease in an individual suspected of having thedisease usually following the reports of symptoms. (Troponin/Glu)ì Prognostic Test: Is used to predict a patient’s likelihood ofdeveloping a disease. (Free lambda/Kappa Ratio)ì Monitoring Test: Test done on known patient condition forfollowing up the results at timely basis. (HBA1c, SPE)ì Screening Test: Helps to identify people with increase risk for adisease before they have symptoms.
Special Chemistry TestsSpecial Chemistry Testing at SQUHMSUD ProfilePKU ProfileQualitative and Quantitative Amino Acids ProfilesPlasma and Urine CatecholaminesStone AnalysisTotal Porphyrins Screening testPBGToxicology Testing
Clinical Parameter & Disease statesì High serum creatinine and K è correlates with renal failureì High phenylalanine and tyrosine è Indicate PKU in childrenì High B-hCG è Ectopic pregnancyì Troponin I è MI
Clinical Biochemistry ì Also known as chemical pathology, clinical chemistry, and or medical biochemistry. Its an area which concerned generally in the analysis of body fluids. For example; serum, plasma, urine, whole blood, CSF, sweat, and others. For diagnostic and
