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presentsIodine and AutoimmuneThyroid DisorderswithDavid Brownstein, MD
Dr. David Brownstein is a Board-Certified family physician and isone of the foremost practitioners of holistic medicine. He is theMedical Director of the Center for Holistic Medicine in WestBloomfield, MI.Dr. Brownstein has lectured internationally to physicians andothers about his success in using natural hormones and nutritionaltherapies in his practice. He is a graduate of the University ofMichigan and Wayne State University School of Medicine. Dr.Brownstein is a member of the American Academy of FamilyPhysicians and the International College of Integrative Medicinewhere is on the board of directors. He is the father of two medicalstudents, Hailey and Jessica, and is a retired soccer coach.Dr. Brownstein has received two prestigious awards by hiscolleagues. The first was given by the American College for theAdvancement in Medicine at the 2005 annual meeting. The awardwas the Norman E. Clarke Sr. Award for Science and Practice. Thesecond award was given by the American Academy of IntegrativeMedicine at their 2005 annual meeting in Florida. This award wastitled, “2005 ARC Excellence Award for Distinguished Clinician,”and was given for his “Advancement in the Diagnosis andTreatment of Chronic Diseases.” He has authored 14 books, 11being National Best Sellers, and is the author of the nationalnewsletter, Dr. Brownstein's Natural Way to Health.David Brownstein, MD
AIT: A HOLISTIC APPROACHDavid Brownstein, M.D.Center for Holistic Medicine5821 W. Maple Rd. Ste. 192West Bloomfield, MI 48322248.851.1600www.drbrownstein.com
CONVENTIONAL THOUGHTS ON AIT Don’t take iodine Will cause/worsen AIT Don’t take desiccated thyroid Will cause/worsen AIT
CONVENTIONAL THOUGHTS ON AIT Don’t take iodine Will cause/worsen AITAIT cannot be experimentally induced without usinggoitrogen and ensuring iodine deficiency Don’t take desiccated thyroid Will cause/worsen AITDesiccated thyroid hormone has never been shown to cause AIT
TWO COMMON ILLNESSES Medical Iodophobia Medical Desiccated-thyroidophobia
HOW MUCH IODINE STORED IN THEBODY?Approximately 1.5-2gm stored in body atsufficiency Fat tissue: 700mg Striated tissue: 650mg Thyroid: 50mgEvery organ and all tissues contain iodine
TRANSPORT OF IODINE(1) Iodine present in every cell in the body Many different glands and cells concentrateiodine against gradient Na/I symporter Transports iodide at a concentration gradient20-50 times that of plasmaOne iodine atom is transferred into cell with twoatoms of sodium transported inside of cell.Angewandte Chm. Int. Ed. 2011. 50 p. 11610
IN THYROID, WHAT HAPPENS TOIODINE AFTER ABSORPTION?NISITSHI-Oxidation (H202 TPO)I2Organification100x RDAδ –Iodolactone andother iodinatedlipidsTGRDAMIT, DIT, T3, T4However, organification of lipids willonly occur with iodine intake inexcess of the RDA.Horm. Metab. Res. 1994;26:465
IODOLACTONETPOIodine arachidonic acidδ-iodolactoneδ-iodolactone is a key regulator of apoptosis andcellular proliferation in the thyroid. It inhibits EpidermalGrowth Factor from thyroid follicles. δ-iodolactone is notdetected in human tissue when iodine deficiency ispresent, but is present with iodine administration at100x the RDA.Eur. J. of Endocrin. 132. 735-43, 1995Horm. Metab. Res. 26. 465-69. 1994Hormnes. 2010. 9(1) 60-66
LOW IODINE AND Δ-IODOLACTONE Methyl-nitrosourea (MNU) induced tumors contain4x more AA than normal mammary glands I2 supplementation is accompanied by a 10x higher δiodolactone content in tumors Same research shows that δ-iodolactone and iodinehave antiproliferative and apoptotic properties.Prostaglandins. Med. 1. 31-38. 1978Endocr. Relat. Cancer. 13; 1147-58. 2006
ORGANIFIED IODINERegulates the cell cycle in thyroid gland by inducingapoptosisG0,1: growth and preparation of thechromosomes for replicationS:synthesis of DNAG2: Preparation for Mitosis(G1 and G2)Endocrin. 126. 984-92
IN THYROID, WHAT HAPPENS TOIODINE AFTER ABSORPTION?(2)NADPH-Oxydase SystemCalciumNISI-Iodinated LipidsOxidation (H202 TPO)I-I2OrganificationTGTSHBasolateral membraneδ -IodolactoneMIT, DIT, T3, T4
IN THYROID, WHAT MAY HAPPEN IFIODINE LEVELS ARE TOO LOW? AITEarlyNADPH-Oxydase SystemIodinated LipidsCalciumNISITSHOxidationH202 TPOI2I-Anti TPOAnti TGOrganificationTGδ -IodolactoneMIT, DIT, T3, T4Apical membraneTreatment: Iodine, Magnesium, B2 and B3,Selenium, Vitamin C, as well as Antioxidants
HOW MUCH IODINE SHOULD YOUTAKE? When there is iodine sufficiency, there is little(or no) radioactive iodine uptake by the thyroidglandHow much iodine is required to achievesufficiency?
HOW MUCH IODINE SHOULD YOUTAKE?Thyroid 3-5mg I/day decreased absorption ofradioactive iodine by thyroid below 5%Saxena. Science. 138:430-31. 1962
HOW MUCH IODINE SHOULD YOUTAKE?Amt. Iodide Ingested(12 days)10mg% Uptake RadioactiveIodide by l. N. .Eng. J. Med. 303:1083-1080. 1980
IODINE DOSAGE GUIDELINES RDA is 150 g/day RDA is inadequate to supply the body’s need Dosage must be individualized Use a combination of iodine and iodide Appropriate pre and post testing For AIT: Doses generally range from 650mg/day
IODINE AND THE THYROID GLANDIodine essential ingredient in thyroid hormones T4 contains 4 iodine atoms T3 contains 3 iodine atomsWithout sufficient iodine, thyroid unable tomake thyroid hormones Thyroid tissue will become hyperplastic in astate of iodine deficiency Precursor to autoimmune thyroid illnesses
AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDILLNESS Graves’ disease Hashimoto’s disease Chronic thyroiditis Toxic multinodular goiter Subacute thyroiditis
CAUSES OF AIT Desiccated thyroid replacement IodineBoth claims are examples ofmedical iodo- and desiccated thryoido-phobia
IODINE DOES NOT CAUSE AIT!35Urinary iodine levels µg/dl1971-2012 NHANESshowed iodine levelsdeclined 50% in theUnited States3025NHANES I 1971-420NHANES rt/pdf/Nutrition Book complete508 final.pdf#zoom 100
ASSOCIATION DOES NOT EQUALCAUSATIONHowever, a negative associationdisproves causation!
MARK TWAIN"It's easier to fool people than to convincethem that they are fooled."
ARE AUTOIMMUNE THYROID ILLNESSESCAUSED BY IODINE DEFICIENCY?(1) Two areas of Denmark studied due to differencein iodine intake 4649 Participants Ages: 18-65 Median Iodine excretion: Aalborg: 53µg/L Copenhagen: 68µg/LEur. J. Endocr. 2000 Oct; 143(4):485-991
ARE AUTOIMMUNE THYROID ILLNESSESCAUSED BY IODINE DEFICIENCY?(2)2.61.40%1.20%1.00%Aalborg 00%HyperthyroidismMinor differences in I excretion produces large increases in thyroid disorders!Eur. J. Endocr. 2000 Oct; 143(4):485-991
ARE AUTOIMMUNE THYROID ILLNESSESCAUSED BY IODINE DEFICIENCY?(3)X-ray fluorescence scanning can measure the stableiodine content of the thyroid gland Mean value of 10mg iodine/thyroid in normal population 56 subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis (normal thyroid levels)had a mean value of 4.7mg iodine/thyroid 13 subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism hada mean value of 2.3mg iodine/thyroidIf iodine were the cause of autoimmune thyroid disorders, youwould expect more iodine in an affected gland!Okerland, M. Medical Applications of Fluorescent ExcitationAnalysis. 1979
X-RAY FLUORESCENCELowest concentration of iodine in thyroid foundin thyroid cancer—75% of patients studied had 20ug/g on scanning.Br. J. Rad. 54. 626-629. 1983
DOES IODINE CAUSE AUTOIMMUNETHYROIDITIS?Results of study: KI in solution of 30mM and higher found to inhibit the normalgrowth curve of thyroid cells Arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 and G2/M after 72 hours of treatment Did not induce apoptosis or necrosis of thyroid cells“This study showed that iodine excess inhibited human primary thyroidproliferation in the presence of low dose IFN, KI could inducelymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid gland and secretion ofproinflammatory cytokines. {This} could explain the development ofhypothyroidism after adding iodide in a diet of persons that already havelymphocytic infiltration and/or mild inflammation of the thyroid gland.”Thyroid. Vol. 19. N.3. 2009
DOES IODINE CAUSE AUTOIMMUNETHYROIDITIS?What amount of KI do you need to ingest toachieve a serum level of: 10uM KI: 100uM KI: 10mM KI: 30mM KI: 100mM KI:Thyroid. Vol. 19. N.3. 2009
DOES IODINE CAUSE AUTOIMMUNETHYROIDITIS? 1mM of KI 127mg/L The renal clearance of I is approx. 42.5L/day So: 1mM of KI 127mg/L x 42.5L/day 5,398mg/dayThyroid. Vol. 19. N.3. 2009
DOES IODINE CAUSE AUTOIMMUNETHYROIDITIS?What amount of KI do you need to ingest toachieve a serum level of: 10uM KI: 54mg/day 100uM KI: 539mg/day 10mM KI: 54000mg/day 30mM KI: 161,000mg/day 100mM KI: 540,000mg/dayThyroid. Vol. 19. N.3. 2009
DOES IODINE CAUSE AUTOIMMUNETHYROIDITIS?Conclusions of article:“Normal human thyroid cell proliferation is inhibited in a dosedependant manner by iodine concentrations over 10mM{REMEMBER: 161gm/day).”MEDICAL IODOPOBIA!Thyroid. Vol. 19. N.3. 2009
DOES IODINE CAUSE AUTOIMMUNETHYROIDITIS?Real conclusion: Iodine doses up to 161gm/day did not cause changes innormal human thyroid cell proliferation. Iodine is notassociated with autoimmune thyroid illness unless it wasgiven in large doses along with a goitrogen such as IFN.Thyroid. Vol. 19. N.3. 2009
DOES IODINE CAUSE AUTOIMMUNETHYROIDITIS?In vitro studies with purified fractions of calfthyroid glands showed 10-5 molar I protects TPOagainst oxidative damageTo achieve 10-5 molar iodide, a human adult needs to take in50-100mg I per day.Endocrin. 1965;76:632-45
ALEX 16 YEARS OLD Goiter for three years Hashimoto’s disease Recommended to have irradiation by endocrinologist Original iodine levels: Below detectable levels of spot urinary iodine Iodine-loading test 20% excretion Euthyroid upon initial testing Normal Se levels on RBC and hair testing
ALEX 16 YEARS OLDTreated with: Unrefined salt 1tsp/day Vitamin C 2gm/day Iodine 50mg/day Magnesium 200mg/day Multi-vitamin/mineral product
GRAVES’ DISEASE Autoimmune illness Enlarged thyroid gland and thyroid antibodies Protruding eyes More common in women 5 out of 10,000 people Between ages of 20 and 40 years old Women who have just given birth.
Serum inorganic iodide levels (mg/L)3530 Mean of 6 normal female subjects3 Patient with Grave’s DiseasePrior to intervention2.5– % iodide load excreted 90%– Baseline serum iodide 0.016 mg/L21.510.50vPre 0.512345678910111224 hrsTime Post ingestion of Iodoral 50 mg loadFig. 1Serum profile of inorganic iodide levels following the iodine/iodide load (50 mg) in 6 normal femalesubjects; and in a patient with iodide transport defect. Patient excreted 90% of the iodine load, buther basal serum inorganic iodide level was very low at 0.016 m/L. This pattern suggests a defect inthe iodine retention mechanism.
Serum inorganic bromide levels (mg/L)25024 hr urine bromide level 192 mg200150100500012468.5Time post ingestion of Iodoral 50 mgload11hrs
Serum inorganic iodide levels (mg/L)3 Mean of 6 normal female subjects2.5 Patient with iodide transport defectPost 3 months Vitamin C 3g/day2– % iodide load excreted 49.2%– Baseline serum iodide 0.42 mg/L1.510.50vPre 0.512345678910111224 hrsTime Post ingestion of Iodoral 50 mg loadFig. 2Serum profile of inorganic iodide levels following the iodine/iodide load (50 mg) in 6 normal femalesubjects; and in a patient with iodide transport defect following 5 years of intervention with asustained release Vitamin C at 3 gm/day. Her serum level was 0.42 mg/L, evidence of improvedfunction of the iodine cellular transport mechanism.
DENNI: 5 YEARS LATER Feeling better with unrefined salt and vitamin C Euthyroid TPO titers: WNL Agreed to do another loading test (7.26.11)
Serum inorganic iodide levels (mg/L)35Denni: 5 Years Later30 Mean of 6 normal female subjects3 Patient with Grave’s Disease 5years later2.5– % iodide load excreted 90%– Baseline serum iodide 0.016 mg/L21.510.50vPre 0.512345678910111224 hrsTime Post ingestion of Iodoral 50 mg loadFig. 1Serum profile of inorganic iodide levels following the iodine/iodide load (50 mg) in 6 normal femalesubjects; and in a patient with iodide transport defect. Patient excreted 90% of the iodine load, buther basal serum inorganic iodide level was very low at 0.016 m/L. This pattern suggests a defect inthe iodine retention mechanism.
Serum Inorganic BromideLevel (mg/L)Denni: 5 Years Later25020015020052011100500012468Time Post Ingestion of Iodoral 50mg Load24
DENNI: 2014 Feeling well for six months No Antithyroid medications Agreed to do another loading test
Serum inorganic iodide levels (mg/L)35Denni: 201430 Mean of 6 normal female subjects3 Patient with Grave’s Disease 5years later2.5– % iodide load excreted 90%– Baseline serum iodide 0.016 mg/L21.510.50vPre 0.512345678910111224 hrsTime Post ingestion of Iodoral 50 mg loadFig. 1Serum profile of inorganic iodide levels following the iodine/iodide load (50 mg) in 6 normal femalesubjects; and in a patient with iodide transport defect. Patient excreted 90% of the iodine load, buther basal serum inorganic iodide level was very low at 0.016 m/L. This pattern suggests a defect inthe iodine retention mechanism.
Serum Inorganic BromideLevel (mg/L)Denni: 2014250200150200520111002014500012468Time Post Ingestion of Iodoral 50mg Load24
IODINE TRANSPORT PROBLEMSWhen problems develop with iodine use, thinkdetoxification Vitamin C Salt Water Liver and kidney support Exercise Clean Diet
FIRST DOUBLE-BLIND COHORTSTUDY IN GRAVES’ DISEASE (1863)Dr Armand Trousseau in 1863 accidentallytreated Graves’ disease patient (exopthalmicgoiter) with iodine instead of digitalis Patient improved Upon realizing his mistake, stopped iodine andgave him digitalis Patient worsenedHe used 75-100mg of tincture of Lugol’s iodine!
FIRST STUDIES ON GRAVES’ DISEASEAND IODINE: 1923 DR. PLUMMER Hypothesis: Hyperthyroidism of Graves’ disease wasdue to iodine deficiency Before surgery, iodine was used to control the highmortality of surgery for Graves’ disease Thyroid storm Plummer administered 20-30 drops Lugol’s (130195mg I) pre-op and 10 drops (62.5mg I) post-opMortality declined from ‘high’ to zero.Med Cl North America, 1925; 8:1145-1151J Iowa Med Soc, 1924; 14:65
NEONATAL HYPERTHRYOIDISM CAUSEDBY MATERNAL GRAVES’ DISEASEFemale 39 wks gestational age born to motherwith Graves’ Mother treated with PTU Fetal goiter detected on US Newborn had hyperthyroid sx’s from 2nd-3rd day of life Treated with KI 8mg t.i.d. At 13 weeks, after normalization of TFT’s, iodide discontinued.Fetal Diag. Therapy. 2000. 15: 122-126
HASHIMOTO’S DISEASE Autoimmune illness Lymphocytes attack the thyroid gland Antithyroid antibodies Antimicrosomal antibodies Goiter 2% of the population More common in women (30’s and 40’s)
HASHIMOTO’S DISEASE ANDPREGNANCYTPO antibodies found in 10% of women in earlypregnancy Associated with decreased thyroid functional reserve duringgestation and associated with hypothyroidism TPO Ab’s also associated with a 50% risk of postpartumthyroiditisThe presence of TPO antibodies at 32 weeks gestationhas resulted in a significant IQ decrease in children,even when mothers were euthyroid.Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrin. Metab. 2004;18;213-4J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1995;80:3561--6
THYROID ANTIBODIESWill only be formed when there is oxidativedamage to the thyroid
INFECTIOUS ETIOLOGY OFHASHIMOTO’S?Parvovirus B19 detected in 29/32 (91%)Hashimoto’s subjects by PCR testing comparedwith 7/16 (44%) normal thyroid tissue.Parvo B19 EM in bloodJ. of Infection. 2010. 60. 360-70
DR. HASHIMOTO Pathologist 1912 Dr. Hashimoto reported histological changes in 4 thyroidglands Numerous lymphoid follicles, extensive connective tissueformation, diffuse round cell infiltration and significant changesof the acinar epithelium“Struma Lymphomatosa”Not observed in the U.S. at that time!
HASHIMOTO’S DISEASEBefore iodized salt, Dr. Hashimoto’s findingswere not seen in the U.S.
HASHIMOTO’S DISEASE: MICHIGANSTUDIES REVISITED“The salient histopathological feature of the thyroidglands, removed at operation in a five-year period beforeiodine prophylaxis (1915-1920—before iodized salt), wasthe paucity of lymphocytes in their parenchyma, and,more importantly, the absence of thyroiditis in any form.It should be emphasized that the thyroid glands prior to theuse of iodized salt were devoid of lymphocytes and nodularcolloid goiters with dense lymphocytic infiltrates werefound after the introduction of iodized salt in 1924.”Arch. Surg. 1966:92:796
HASHIMOTO’S DISEASE Mayo Clinic 3 Time Periods Studies 1935-1944 1945-1954 1955-1967Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1970:45:586
MAYO CLINIC idence of Haashimoto's Thyroiditis/100,000 Population
WHY DOES HASHIMOTO’S FORM? Is it iodine? NHANES Is it salt? Is it a goitrogen? Bromine, Chlorine, FluorideOr, is it a combination of iodized salt and goitrogens?
NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITIONSURVEYIt can’t be iodine!35Urinary iodine levels µg/dl1971-2000 NHANESshowed iodine levelsdeclined 50% in theUnited States302520NHANES I 1971-4NHANES 200015105019702000CDC
HASHIMOTO’S DISEASE Impossible to experimentally induce Hashimoto’sdisease in laboratory animals by administering iodine Only by the use of anti-thyroid drugs (i.e., goitrogens)can you induce Hashimoto’s disease in laboratoryanimalsGoitrogens induce not only hyperplasia theycause iodine deficiency!
MECHANISM FOR THYROIDITIS Oxidative damage of the thyroglobulin moleculecaused by low levels of iodide combined withgoitrogens Salt: Chlorine Toxins: Bromide, Fluoride, etc. Activates thyroid peroxidase (TPO) system and causesthe histopathological signs of Hashimoto’s High cytosolic free calcium and elevated levels of H2O2Only magnesium, iodine, vitamin C, and seleniumcan reverse this mechanism!
SELENIUM AND AIT Selenium-deficient area of Bavaria All patients received T4 and 200ug/d of sodiumselenite or placebo 36% reduction in TPO titers in treatment group Those with very high TPO titers ( 1,200IU/ml) had a60% reduction in titersJ. Clin. Endocrin. and Metabl. 87:1687-91
TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDCONDITIONS: CONVENTIONALAPPROACH Drugs to relieve hyperthyroid symptoms Beta blockers, PTU, etc. Radioactive Iodine Iodine taken up by thyroid gland, radioactivitydestroys thyroid cells.
HIPPOCRATES“Give no deadly medicine to anyone.”
WHERE DOES RADIOACTIVEIODINE GO?10-32% Thyroid68-90% Extra-Thyroidal Ovaries Testicles Parathyroids Adrenals Breasts Eyes Intestine Salivary glandsPituitary glandsMusclesBonesSkinGallbladderKidneys
RADIOACTIVE IODINE“Radioactive iodine is effective, safe and relativelyinexpensive.”Werner and Ingbar’s The Thyroid. 2000
RADIOACTIVE IODINE: EFFECTIVE?If the goal is to destroy the thyroid, then it iseffective Only if the cause of autoimmune thyroiddisorders is too much thyroid tissue that needsto be destroyedHOWEVER: Excess thyroid tissue is not the cause;it is the consequence of the illness.
RADIOACTIVE I IS OVERUSEDRadioactive iodine has not improved theoutcome in patients with papillary carcinomamanaged by near-total thyroidectomy andconservative nodal excision.World J. Surg. 2002;26;879-85
RADIOACTIVE IODINE: SAFE? Radioactive iodine will bind to all tissues whereiodine is bound Glands Breasts, prostate, ovaries, etcAll tissues of the body utilize iodine.
RADIOACTIVE IODINE: SAFE? 6,841 patients with thyroid cancer Received an average dose of 162mCi of *I Dose dependant increase in cancer of: Salivary gland, bone, soft tissue and colorectum Increased risk of primary malignancy of 27%Br. J. Ca. 2003:89:1638-44FP News: 2.1.07
CANCER MORTALITY AFTER *IAll WDTC/RAI SPM SiteIncrease Incidence (%)Low-Risk WDTC/RAI Increased Incidence (%)All sites1821All Solid Tumors1213Salivary Gland3841113Melanoma61632.620All 68KidneyCancer. 2011. DOI:10.1002/cncr.26070
RADIOACTIVE IODINE: INEXPENSIVE? Cost of radioactive iodine treatment can varyfrom 3,000-6,000 per treatment Iodine costs less than .50 per day.
RADIOACTIVE IODINE Only works in an iodine deficient state Ineffective in an iodine sufficient state ? Why iodine removed from bakery products Does not treat the underlying cause of any illnessIf it does not treat the underlying cause of the illness, thenwhy should it be the primary treatment modality used?
HOW DO YOU PREVENT RADIOACTIVEIODINE FROM DAMAGING THE THYROID?Ingest enough iodine to maintain iodine sufficiencyand therefore maintain maximal suppression ofradioactive I uptake by the thyroid gland.How much iodine is necessary to achieve this?
TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDCONDITIONS: HOLISTIC APPROACH Dietary changes Gluten-free, aspartame, no trans fats, whole foods, etc. Vitamins and Minerals Magnesium, selenium, Vitamin C Natural Hormones Desiccated thyroid hormone Treat Underlying Infections Rectify an underlying iodine deficiency Detoxify .
IODINE DEFICIENCY AND THETHYROID GLAND Goiter Over 100 years ago Hypothyroidism Autoimmune thyroid illness Graves’ Hashimoto’s Thyroid cancer There is a reduced iodine accumulation detected in the majority of thyroidcancersALL OF THESE CONDITIONS HAVE BEEN RISING OVER THE LAST40 YEARS WHILE IODINE LEVELS HAVE BEEN FALLING!!
IODINE ADVERSE EFFECTSIodine-induced hyperthyroidism Hyperfunctioning autonomous nodules Nodule may become hyperfunctioning with iodinereplacement Very rare possibility
MEDICAL IODOPHOBIA“Medical iodophobia is the unwarranted fear of using andrecommending inorganic, non-radioactive iodine/iodide within therange known from the collective experience of three generations ofclinicians to be the safest and most effective amounts for treatingsymptoms and signs of iodine/iodide deficiency (12.5-50mg/day).”CURED!!Dr. G. Abraham, 2004
FINAL THOUGHTS Iodine levels have fallen over 50% during the last 40years During this time, elevations in autoimmune thyroidillness, autoimmune disorders, thyroid cancer, breastcancer, prostate cancer and other cancers If iodine were a dangerous agent for the aboveconditions, incidences of the above conditions wouldnot be rising over the last 30 years.
FINAL THOUGHTS (2) Start slow Check pre and post levels of iodine Follow patients closely Get ultrasounds before starting treatment when indicated Combine treatment with a holistic plan Diet, vitamins, minerals, detox, etc.
HOW TO DOSE IODINE Use a combination of iodine/iodide Lugol’s Solution 1 drop: 6.25mg (2.5mg iodine /4mg iodide) Lugol’s or Tableted Lugol’s 1 capsule: 12.5mg (5mg iodine/7.5mg iodide)Therapeutic doses of iodine/iodidecombinations vary between 6-50mg/day.
David Brownstein, MDTHANK YOU!If you would like a copy of thispresentation, please contact:1-855-667-1967
David Brownstein, MD Dr. David Brownstein is a Board-Certified family physician and is one of the foremost practitioners of holistic medicine. He is the Medical Director of the Center for Holistic Medicine in West Bloomfield, MI. Dr.
