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Grammar and Beyond Workbook 4 Answer KeyUnit 1 Cause and Effect 1The Environment and YouSentence Structure: Simpleand Compound Sentences1 page 22.3.4.5.VOBJOBJS2 page 22. d3. c4. f6.7.8.9.OBJVOBJV10. S11. S; however,, and; furthermore,; as a result, or ; consequently,Consequently, or As a result,4 page 32. Some companies are going paperless. Employees sende-mails instead of letters.3. Telecommuting is becoming popular. Working fromhome saves energy.4. Telecommuting means less travel, and less travel meansless pollution.5. A hundred years ago, no one recycled. Most of us dothese days.6. In every city there are recycling facilities, so it’s easyto recycle.Complex Sentences1 page 42. DC3. DC4. IC2 page 45. IC6. IC7. IC2. if3. Since / Because4. although2. a. C b. E3. a. E b. C4. a. C b. EB page 52. c3. b4. c5. a. E b. C6. a. C b. E5. a6. aCommon Patterns with NounsThat Show Cause1 page 65. e6. a3 page 32.3.4.5.6.3 A page 58. DC9. DC10. IC5. whereas6. because / since7. Whether2. Another important cause of forest loss is the need foragricultural land for crops.3. The loss of forests in richer countries is the primarycause of large ecological footprints.4. The lifestyles in richer countries can be a root cause ofecological problems in less well-off countries.5. Governments that focus on the obvious causes ofdeforestation may miss the underlying causes.6. Economic and social policies are also leading causes offorest loss.7. Agriculture is probably the leading cause ofdeforestation, but it is not the only cause. or Agricultureis probably not the only cause, but it is the leading causeof deforestation.2 page 72. changes to the Earth’s climate; natural changes3. climate change has increased; our use of resourceshas increased4. people should think about their actions; individuals’actions have consequences5. making an estimate of one’s footprint can be helpful; itcan help in making changes6. many people support environmental organizations;environmental organizations can be effective7. people participate in neighborhood cleanup days;people are more interested in protecting theenvironment3 page 72. cause of3. reason4. factor5. reason6. reason7. factor4 page 8Answers will vary.Grammar and Beyond Workbook 4 Cambridge University Press 2013 Photocopiable1
Unit 2 Cause and Effect 2Consumer BehaviorAvoid Common Mistakes1 page 82.3.4.5.baaa6. a7. c8. bSubordinators and PrepositionsThat Show Cause, Reason, or Purpose1 page 122 page 9are2. a; The consequences of oil spills disastrous to both plant and animal marine life.3. e; For example, oil that spills on the surface of thewater blocks oxygen to marine plant life.because4. b; Marine plants require oxygen to live, and cuz of oilon the surface of the water, they cannot access theoxygen that is necessary for survival.die5. a; When this happens, marine plants . cause6. c; Oil can because birds and animals to lose theirability to stay warm and dry; as a result, they can die.Oil7. d; And oil can also cause serious health problems infish and in their eggs.8. c; When sea birds and animals try to clean themselves,becausethey may die cause the oil they consume can bepoisonous.9. e; After an oil spill, many veterinarians are neededto help clean birds and animals who have come intocontact with the oil.are10. a; Once they clean, the animals can be returned to the environment.However,11. d; But they are still in danger if the oil is still inthe water.Self-Assessment pages 10–111. b2. c3. b4. b5. b6. a7. b8. a9. c10. a11. b12. bGrammar and Beyond Workbook 413. b14. c15. b2. PP3. PP4. IC5. DC6. PP7. DC2 page 132.3.4.5.6.because of; C/Rso that; Pdue to; C/Rso that; Pbecause of; C/R3 page 142.3.4.5.due toSoBecauseSince4 pages 14–152. c3. c4. b5. a6. b7. a8. IC9. DC10. IC7.8.9.10.so that; Pbecause; C/Rso that; PSince; C/R6. because of7. because8. as a result of8. b9. c5 page 15Answers will vary.Transition Words and PhrasesThat Show Effect1 page 152. e3. g4. b5. a6. c7. f2 page 162. Some consumers want to be environmentally conscious.Therefore, they look for green products. or Someconsumers want to be environmentally conscious;therefore, they look for green products.3. Businesses want to attract these consumers. As a result,they may look for green products to sell. or Businesseswant to attract these consumers; as a result, they maylook for green products to sell.4. Green products are sometimes made from recycleditems. Consequently, they may be more expensive. orGreen products are sometimes made from recycleditems; consequently, they may be more expensive.5. Consumers may care about good prices and about theplanet. As a consequence, they may have to make adifficult choice. or Consumers may care about goodprices and about the planet; as a consequence, they mayhave to make a difficult choice. Cambridge University Press 2013 Photocopiable2
6. Safe, natural household items like vinegar can be usedinstead of more dangerous products. Therefore, theyare also considered green products. or Safe, naturalhousehold items like vinegar can be used instead ofmore dangerous products; therefore, they are alsoconsidered green products.7. There is a lot of interest in green products amongconsumers. Thus, businesses have responded to thisaspect of the environmental movement. or There isa lot of interest in green products among consumers;thus, businesses have responded to this aspect of theenvironmental movement.8. Consumer demand for green products has increased.As a result, there are more and more green productsavailable. or Consumer demand for green products hasincreased; as a result, there are more and more greenproducts available.3 pages 16–17Answers will vary.Common Patterns with NounsThat Show Effect1 page 172. result3. effects4. effects5. effect6. result / results7. effect8. result9. result10. effects2 pages 18–192.3.4.5.bcac6. a7. b8. a3 page 192. Consumers’ choices are frequently the result of seeing acommercial on TV.3. Advertising on TV is known to have a significant effecton young children.4. When children see a commercial, often the result is thatthey want the item being advertised.5. Children asking their parents to purchase toys andclothes is a direct result of seeing TV commercials.6. Toy manufacturers are aware that advertising often hasa positive result for them.7. One effect of advertising is that parents feel pressuredto buy items they can’t afford.8. Advertising can therefore have negative effects on afamily’s budget.4 page 20Avoid Common Mistakes1 page 202.3.4.5.acac6. b7. b8. b2 page 21of2. b; The average rebate was 958; as a result on this,many families had some extra money.effects3. a; In 2011, the government did a study on the affectsthe rebates had on those households’ spending.4. c; According to the study, about half of the householdswho received a rebate used the extra money mostly toofpay off debts because very high credit card bills and loans.5. b; About 30 percent of recipients spent their rebate,onwhich had a positive effect in the economy.6. a; About 17 percent put the money in savings, havingeffecta positive affect on the household, but not on theeconomy.7. d; The government also looked at the data to seewhether age or income level affected the way peopleused their rebates.8. d; People younger than 55 were more likely to use therebates to pay off debt; people older than 55 savedmore of the rebate.9. d; Of people under the age of 25, only about 13 percentput most of the money into savings.10. b; Interestingly, the study showed that income levelonhad little effect of the way that people used the money.Self-Assessment pages 22–231. a2. a3. a4. c5. b6. c7. c8. b9. a10. b11. b12. c13. a14. b15. cAnswers will vary.Grammar and Beyond Workbook 4 Cambridge University Press 2013 Photocopiable3
Unit 3 Cause and Effect 3Social Responsibility7. knew; would be8. started; would work / could workPresent and Future Real Conditionals2. If the company donated money or time to communityorganizations, it would / could / might be a realmember of the community.3. If the company’s owner lived in the community, shewould / might be aware of some of the problems it has.4. If the owner knew that schools in the area need donatedschool supplies, her employees would / might helpcollect them.5. If the owner was / were interested in acting responsibly,the company would / might check all of its products tomake sure they are safe.6. If employees were encouraged to pay close attention toproduct safety, the company’s products would / mighthave a good record with consumer organizations.7. If the company’s employee policies were always fair,many community members would / might buy itsproducts.8. If a lot of community members bought the company’sproducts, it would / could / might do well.1 pages 24–252. a3. a4. b5. c6. a7. c2 page 252. If customers appreciate its actions, a sociallyresponsible company is going to make a profit. orA socially responsible company is going to make a profitif customers appreciate its actions.3. If customers care about a company’s social mission,they might choose to buy that company’s products.4. If a company makes socially responsible decisions, itshould have an impact on the community.5. A company may decide to donate money to anorganization if the organization’s goals are related to thecompany’s product.6. If consumers see instances of a company’s policiesbenefiting the community, the company’s image is goingto improve.7. If the company causes an environmental or healthproblem, the company’s public image will be affected.or The company’s public image will be affected if thecompany causes an environmental or health problem.8. Customers will stay loyal to a company if the companykeeps its promises.3 page 262. c; Companies3. c4. b; Companies5. b6. c7. a; WhenPresent and Future Unreal Conditionals1 page 262. UC3. RC4. UC2 page 272.3.4.5.hgaf5. UC6. RC7. UC6. d7. b8. c3 page 272.3.4.5.6.cleaned; would be / could be / might bewould save / could save / might save; didhad; would get / could getwould say; askedwould be / could be / might be; sponsoredGrammar and Beyond Workbook 44 page 285 pages 28–29Answers will vary.Common Phrases with Unless and If1 page 292.3.4.5.cbaa6. b7. c8. c2 page 302.3.4.5.Ifnotevenunless6.7.8.9.IfevenOnlyno one3 pages 30–312. Volunteer vacations are a good way to see a new place,even if you spend part of your time working.3. Even if you spend the days working on constructionor tutoring a child, you’ll have time to relax in theevenings.4. Volunteering is a great idea for families with children ifthe children are not too young.5. Volunteer vacations usually include sightseeing unlessthere are weather or security concerns.6. Only if more people go on volunteer vacations willconditions in communities around the world improve.7. Some people will go on vacation only if they don’t haveto do any work.8. Unless you are one of them, you should consider avolunteer vacation. Cambridge University Press 2013 Photocopiable4
Avoid Common Mistakes2 page 351 pages 31–322.3.4.5.abcb6. b7. c8. b2 page 32advertise2. b; For instance, a fast-food restaurant may advertises itscharitable activities on its napkins or coffee cups.will3. c; The company would mention its environmentalpolicies in its advertisements if it is proud of its work.is4. a; If a company are not strong environmentally, it canchoose to highlight its fair labor policies in its publicdocuments.5. e; When a company wants to become better known inthe community, it should consider sponsorships in itscore areas.makes6. a; If a company make products for children, it mightchoose to sponsor a children’s sports team or summercamp.7. e; If every company were socially responsible,communities might see some real changes.unless8. d; It’s difficult to make those changes otherwiseindividuals play a role, too.9. e; Real change can happen only if each person, and eachorganization, plays a part.Self-Assessment pages 32–331. c2. a3. c4. a5. b6. b7. c8. b9. b10. c11. a12. b13. a14. c15. aUnit 4 Cause and Effect 4Alternative Energy Sources-ing Participle Phrases That Show Effect1 page 342.3.4.5.6.7.avoiding the need to buy and recycle batteriesmaking it unnecessary to carry adapters and batteriesreducing their air-conditioning billslowering their energy costsdecreasing people’s utility billssaving them moneyGrammar and Beyond Workbook 42. The chemical energy in plants is passed on to animalsand people that eat them, giving them energy.3. There will always be waste from animals and plants,offering us a good alternative to nonrenewableresources.4. Biomass is organic material obtained from the waste ofplants and animals, making it a renewable resource.5. Energy is extracted from leftover food products such asvegetable oil and animal fats, producing biodiesel.6. Biomass can be used instead of oil, making the world abetter place.3 page 352. thereby making3. thereby producing4. thereby supplying5. thereby constituting6. thereby benefiting7. thereby providing-ing Participle Phrases That Show Cause1 page 362.3.4.5.LivingComingBeingOriginating6. Containing7. Being located8. Heating2 page 372. Not having; are3. Being; is4. Wanting; invests inor is investing in5. Depending on; work6. having; aren’t / are not7. having; are8. possessing; gets3 page 37Answers will vary.4 page 382. d3. b4. c5. g6. f7. aVerbs That Show Cause and Effect1 page 382.3.4.5.6.is producedcontributes tobe caused bycontributes tois produced2 page 392.3.4.5.6.resulted fromresult inresult fromresulted inresult in7.8.9.10.leads toled tois caused byleads to7.8.9.10.result inresult fromresult inresult in Cambridge University Press 2013 Photocopiable5
3 page 392.3.4.5.toinfromto6.7.8.9.5. about which many experts have strong ideas orwhich / that many experts have strong ideas about6. that / which recently appeared in journals7. that / which indicate completely different reasons8. that / which looked at family size9. who / that came from small familiesfromintotoAvoid Common Mistakes1 page 402.3.4.5.ccbb3 page 432.3.4.5.6. c7. a8. c6. that7. who8. that4 page 43Answers will vary.2 page 402. d; They are interested in developing energy sources thatcontributecontributes to a smaller environmental footprint.3. e; An alternative energy source that has manyadvantages is solar power.to4. c; First, solar power does not contribute for air or waterpollution.from5. b; For example, no emissions of any kind result byoperating solar power plants.to6. c; Therefore, these plants do not contribute for climate5 page 442. who / that think sibling rivalry only affects youngchildren should be aware it can also be a problemin adulthood3. who / that have aging parents must sometimescooperate in taking care of them4. who / that lives closer to the parents often has to spendthe most time taking care of them5. whose children get along well as adults tend to get thebest care6. who / that are used to making decisions need to respectthe views of their younger brothers and sisters7. who / that act as peacemakers in families may findconflict difficultchange.Comparatives with As . . . Asno waste or garbage of any kind by.1 page 45in7. a; In addition, the production of solar energy results ofSelf-Assessment pages 40–411. c2. a3. a4. c5. b6. a7. c8. a9. b10. b11. c12. b13. b14. b15. aUnit 5 Comparison and Contrast 1Family Size and PersonalityIdentifying Relative Clauses1 page 422.3.4.5.whowhosethatwhomSPOS6. P7. O8. S2.3.4.5.as tall asas dark asas recently asas short as6. as quickly as7. as energetically as8. as loudly as2 pages 45–462. He is not doing as well as he did as a child.3. Matt’s life is not as satisfying as Laura’s.4. Matt’s relationship with his parents is not as goodas Laura’s.5. Matt is not as secure now as he was when he wasgrowing up.6. Laura’s life is as good now as it was when she wasgrowing up.7. Laura works as hard now as she did when shewas in college.8. Laura is as happy now as she was when she was inher twenties.2 pages 42–432. who / that are born last3. that / which many people have4. that / which researchers have doneGrammar and Beyond Workbook 4 Cambridge University Press 2013 Photocopiable6
live7. c; In addition, the study showed that children who lives3 page 462. just as much3. quite as many4. nearly as5. not quite as6. nearly as7. nearly aswith adoptive parents tend to do well in school.8. d; According to parents who have both adopted and4 page 46biological children, their adopted children have theassame levels of achievement in school than theirCommon Patterns That Show Contrastbiological children.Answers will vary.9. e; The study’s authors concluded that parents of1 page 472.3.4.5.InbetweenInfrom2 pages 47–482.3.4.5.6.adopted children tend to give their adopted children6. In; to7. from8. betweendifferenceIn contrastdifference betweenUnlikeIn contrast7.8.9.10.11.the same degree of attention as their biologicalchildren.differs fromIn contrast todiffer fromdifference betweenUnlike3 page 48Answers will vary.10. b; Many experts agree that this is one of the mostthat / whichimportant factors contribute to the health and welfare of children in general.Self-Assessment pages 50–511. b2. a3. c4. c5. a6. c7. a8. c9. a10. c11. b12. a13. b14. c15. aAvoid Common Mistakes1 page 482.3.4.5.cbab6. a7. b8. b2 page 49which / that2. a; However, a study who the Children’s Health ResearchCenter published in 2008 shows that adopted childrentend to be happy and well adjusted.3. e; The study indicated several interesting facts about thecharacteristics of children who are adopted.4. c; It showed that a significant percentage of adoptedhavechildren who has siblings were adopted along with theirbrothers or sisters into the same families.which / that5. a; Studies who look at the mental health of adoptedchildren have looked at children adopted with andwithout their siblings.who / that6. b; Most of these studies show that children are adopted along with their siblings tend to be happier andhealthier than children who are not adopted withtheir siblings.Grammar and Beyond Workbook 4Unit 6 Comparison and Contrast 2Men, Women, and EqualityComplex Noun Phrases1 page 522.3.4.5.6.7.8.gender inequalitysuccessful female entrepreneurshands-on business trainingfemale business ownerextremely attractive career changeflexible work schedulegreat financial advantages2 A pages 0.11.withwantingofforthatB page 53b. 3, 11c. 6, 8d. 53 pages 53–542. The men and the women who participated in thesurvey3. significant differences in the emotional attitudes ofmen and women Cambridge University Press 2013 Photocopiable7
4. feelings of confidence about their financial futures5. positive feelings about the future6. the majority of women in the study7. small amounts of money growing in investmentaccounts8. much larger amounts of money investedParallel Structure1 page 55less traditionalmake all the arrangementsarranging for the food and drinkshost a rehearsal dinnerparticipate in the planningformalthird weddingsmore environmentally conscious weddingsapproach to life2 page 562. the acceptance of the proposal or its acceptance3. choosing the date for the wedding4. the bride’s family gave the groom’s family foodand clothing5. carried the gifts back and forth between thetwo families6. lived with friends7. covered it with special fruits8. the hope for many children9. noisy10. happiness11. for his parents3 page 56Common QuantifiersmostnoneallAlmost all2 pages 57–582.3.4.5.muchMost ofnoa few6. considerably less7. considerably more8. substantially more1 page 592.3.4.5.bbcb6. b7. b8. a2 page 602. c; As the law states: “No person in the United States shall,on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, beor be subjecteddenied the benefits of, or you cannot subject them todiscrimination under any education program or activityreceiving Federal financial assistance.”3. b; Title IX applies to any educational program thatreceives federal funding, including public institutionsof higher education such as colleges and universities,and to vocational schools, and it also applies toprofessional schools.4. b; Two significant benefits of Title IX are the rise inincreasedwomen’s participation in athletics and the enrollment of women in institutions of higher educationhas increased, too.5. e; Before Title IX, there were few opportunities for girlswho wanted to play on school teams or participate inschool-sponsored athletic activities.6. d; Today, thanks to Title IX, women play on collegesports teams, female athletes receive sports scholarships,women’s sports continue to rise in popularityand the rising popularity of women’s sports.Answers will vary.2.3.4.5.slightly moresubstantially lessconsiderably lesssignificantly fewer 2. A significant difference in gender roles3. A recently released study4. the belief held by previous generations or the belief ofprevious generations5. The most significant difference6. The increasing participation of Millennial fathers7. This popular belief8. Equal parenting1 page 572.3.4.5Avoid Common Mistakes4 page 542.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.3 pages 58–596.7.8.9.a fewSomeMostA great many6. little7. a few8. a great manyGrammar and Beyond Workbook 47. a; Because of the access to sports and higher educationthat Title IX affords, many women now lead lives thatmore rewardingare healthier, happier, and they receive more rewards.Self-Assessment pages 60–611. b2. a3. a4. b5. c6. a7. c8. c9. b10. a11. a12. a13. b14. c15. a Cambridge University Press 2013 Photocopiable8
Unit 7 Comparison and Contrast 3Family Values in Different CulturesComparative and Superlative Adjectivesand Adverbs1 page 622.3.4.5.more diverse thanharder thanthe least likelythe most important2 pages 62–632.3.4.5.morethe mostthanas3 page 632.3.4.5.egfc6.7.8.9.luckier thanharder thanmore readily thanthe most significantAvoid Common Mistakes1 page 672.3.4.5.2. c; The Mr. Brown has been an instructor of English herefor three years,3. e; and now he is having a larger role in his students’ lives6. Ø7. less8. the least6. h7. b8. aby coordinating their social events.4. d; Of course the interests of one group of studentstheare never same as another, so it is important to offer different activities each semester.best5. b; Last semester, one of the most-reviewed activitieswas a trip to Niagara Falls.best6. b; This shows that the most-planned programs are notalways successful.7. e; In order to offer more variety, Mr. Brown is going to1 page 64Ø; ØØ; ana; Ø; a; aØ; Ø; Ø2 page 642.3.4.5.6.aaathethe3 page 652.3.4.5.6.ØØathea6. Ø; an; a7. Ø; a8. Ø; Ø2. b3. b4. aplan a new program.8. a; He hopes to have a more wider range of activities,including activities to learn about American sports,food, and eantheSelf-Assessment pages 68–691. b2. a3. b2. Likewise3. in common4. Like7. c8. b9. b10. a11. c12. c13. c14. b15. aAdverb Clauses of Contrast andConcession1 page 702.3.4.5.6.5. a6. a7. c2 pages 66–674. c5. c6. cUnit 8 Comparison and Contrast 4Intercultural CommunicationCommon Expressions That ShowSimilarity1 page 666. b7. b8. a2 page . have something6. similar toGrammar and Beyond Workbook 4 Cambridge University Press 2013 Photocopiable9
febg3 pages 71–722.3.4.5.Avoid Common Mistakes6. a7. d8. cØAlthough / ThoughWhile / Whereaswhile / whereas1 page 746.7.8.9.while / whereasØAlthough / ThoughØTransition Words and Phrases That ShowContrast and Concession2. Businessmen’s clothing doesn’t change dramaticallyacross cultures. On the other hand, businesswomen’sclothing does. or Businessmen’s clothing doesn’tchange dramatically across cultures; on the other hand,businesswomen’s clothing does.3. Informal clothing is acceptable in the United States. Incontrast, it may not be suitable in other countries. orInformal clothing is acceptable in the United States; incontrast, it may not be suitable in other countries.4. In spite of trying to look professional, American womenmay find that their clothing is not appropriate in allinternational business environments.5. Latin American and European women can wear colorfulbusiness clothing in their own countries. Nevertheless,they should wear neutral colors when doing business inEast Asia and the Middle East. or Latin American andEuropean women can wear colorful business clothingin their own countries; nevertheless, they should wearneutral colors when doing business in East Asia and theMiddle East.6. Pant suits are accepted in the United States. Conversely,they are not always accepted in Japan and the MiddleEast. or Pant suits for women are accepted in theUnited States; conversely, they are not always acceptedin Japan and the Middle East.7. Businesswomen can show their knees in the UnitedStates. However, they should not do this in Russia,India, or East Asia. or Businesswomen can show theirknees in the United States; however, they should not dothis in Russia, India, or East Asia.8. Businesswomen in Russia, India, or East Asia mightwear more conservative clothing instead of skirts.2.3.4.5.howeverneverthelessConverselyon the other handcbcc6. c7. a8. c2 page 752. e; On one hand, this is desirable because points can bemade very quickly.the other3. b; On another hand, this can get too competitive!4. c; In contrast , business conversation styles in most of1 pages 72–732 page 732.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Instead ofOn the contrarynonethelessInstead3 page 74Answers will vary.Grammar and Beyond Workbook 4Asia are more structured. 2.3.4.5. 2 page 715. c; On the contrary, jumping in to take control of theconversation is very common in these regions.6. d; Although the rugby and basketball styles have somesimilarities, such as talking when others are talking,but there are differences.7. e; For example, in the rugby style, one speaker maytouch the other speaker or move closer to him or her.On8. a; In the other hand, touching another person can beseen as too personal.9. e; Perhaps the most important thing to rememberabout conversation styles is that they are generalities.10. d; Although many people will have the style oftheir culture, but there may be differences amongindividuals.Self-Assessment pages 76–771. b2. c3. b4. c5. b6. a7. b8. b9. a10. c11. b12. a13. c14. a15. cUnit 9 Narrative 1The American DreamPast Perfect and Past PerfectProgressive1 page 782. married; hadn’t / had not received3. succeeded; had tried4. had joined; joined Cambridge University Press 2013 Photocopiable10
5. began; hadn’t / had not experienced6. arrested; hadn’t / had not given up7. had won; died2 page 792.3.4.5.6.7.8.had been working; decidedhad been considering; organizedheld; had been correspondingdecided; had been draftinghad been getting; heardhad been campaigning; becamespoke; had been questioningAvoid Common Mistakes1 page 832.3.4.5.cbab6. b7. b8. c2 page 832. c; Every time Drew’s mother saw him writing, she hadworried.Past Modals and Modal-like Expressions3. d; Drew’s mother had had a boring job for years, and she1 page 80didn’t want to see Drew in the same situation.begun4. a; Soon after Drew had began high school, his English2.3.4.5.couldcould nothad tocould2 page 802.3.4.5.baca6. could not7. did not have to8. had to6. b7. a8. b3 page 812.3.4.5.6.7.8.used toused to / would; used to / wouldused to / wouldused to / wouldused toused toused to / wouldteacher noticed his talent.had been5. b; She was reading students’ work for 20 years whenDrew’s clever stories came across her desk.seen6. a; She had never saw stories like his before.7. d; At the end of his junior year, Drew’s teacher suggestedthat he enter his stories in a competition.had been8. b; He was hoping for an opportunity like this since hewas a child.Self-Assessment pages 84–851. b2. a3. c4. b5. c6. c7. c8. b9. b10. a11. a12. b13. c14. a15. aCommon Time Clauses1 page 822. ST; When Cesar was 10 years old3. 1; After his family lost the farm4. RP; every time a crop harvest finished5. U; until he reached the eighth grade6. Q; Once he was 18 years old7. 2; Before Cesar returned to farm work8. 1; when he became tired of their horribleworking conditions9. RP; every time the farm workers were treated badly10. U; until Cesar Chavez began leading them2 page 82Answers will vary.Grammar and Beyond Workbook 4Unit 10 Narrative 2ImmigrationDemonstratives1 A page 862.3.4.5.thatThese . . . arethistheseB page 872.3.4.5.ccac6. those . . . are7. Those8. this . . . is6. a7. b8. b Cambridge University Press 2013 Photocopiable11
this3. a; In these show, actors play people from periods in our2 pages 87–882.3.4.5.abab6. b7. a8. bCommon Time Signals1 pages 88–892.3.4.5.6.acaab2 page 892.3.4.5.geah7.8.9.10.6.7.8.9.cbbabcif3 page 902. She settled in downtown Chicago when she firstarrived and lived there for about five years.3. She got a job in a department store, and over the nextfive years, she saved her money carefully.4. By 2002, she had saved enough money to be able tostart college.5. Mona worked the entire time she was in college; thatleft her little time for anything else.6. She attended college from 2002 through 2007, whenshe received a bachelor’s degree in accounting.7. When she got her first job as an accountant, her newsalary enabled her to move to the suburbs.8. After debating the costs and benefits, she finallybought a small house on a quiet street.9. It was the first time she had lived in such a quietneighborhood, and she found that she missed the city.10. Now Mona is back in the city once again, living in herold neighborhood near her old friends.4 page 91Answers will vary.Avoid Common Mistakes1 page 912.3.4.5.aaaa6. b7. a8. c2 page 922. d; I visited this museum last weekend; I wanted to seetheir “living history” show.Grammar and Beyond Workbook 4city’s history; they were wearing clothes and doing tasksfrom that time.never4. c; I ha
Grammar and Beyond Workbook 4 Cambridge University Press 2013 Photocopiable 2 Avoid Common Mistakes 1 page 8
