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The Holy Spirit8what effect the influx or efflux of theSpirit had upon a man selected to be ajustWhatprophet.hints Scripture gives usare evidently not given for the purposeTheyareto conserve the facts, not toaddof satisfying our curiosity.meanttothe data for abnormalYet we may believefaultymenoftothesethatof their time,upon by the Spiritthem different, aspsychology.weremen,so actedGod as to makemake them themediators of truth which had it beenheeded would have caused a new historyof Israel to be enacted.The Spirit and the Messianic AgeBut these men not only sounded fortha futile warning to Israel under the in-fluence of the Spirit of God.toanewTheytes-coming to Israel andthe world. They were the heralds ofnew day which should succeed thetified of aeraAnight of national apostasy.Messiah was to appear.ApersonalMessianic

In the Old Testamentage was to dawnrulewhenaking shouldAnd fromrighteousness.innew day wasbeginning thatin a very peculiar9theassociatedmanner with theSpiritGod. Isaiah (xxxii. 15) connects thetime of the regeneration of Israel, whenthe wilderness should become a fruitfulfield, with the outpouring of the SpiritofofGodshallasfrom on high.**dwell in the wildernessThen;justiceand right-eousness shall abide in the fruitfulAndtheworkfield.of righteousness shall beand the effect of righteousness,quietness and confidence forever" (xxxii.16, 17). Again, " Fear not, O Jacob myand thou, Jeshurun, whom IservantFor I will pour waterhave chosen.upon him that is thirsty, and streamsupon the dry ground I will pour mySpirit upon thy seed and my blessingpeace;;;upon thineoffspring " (Isa. xliv.2,3).time of revival when all the evil efand apostasy of the oldIsrael should be forgotten and overcomeThefects of the sin

The Holy Spiritlothe obedience and joy of theinnewwas to be preeminently a day ofThe Spirit was to bethe Spirit of God.the agent and accompaniment of thisglorious work of restoration and renewal.Ezekiel (xxxvi. 27) makes the advent ofthe Spirit a time of moral and spiritualIsrael,renewal in Israel. ** I will sprinkle cleanwater upon you, and ye shall be clean.a newAnd Iheart also willwill putmyIgive you.Spirityou, and cause you to walk inwithinmystat-and ye shall keep mine ordinances,and do them" (see also xxxvii. 14). Thewell-known passage in Joel (ii. 28 ff.) exIn this case,presses the same thought.however, we have the New Testament'sexpress identification of the time of Jesuswith the time of which the prophetspoke (Acts ii. 16).So that we may freely say that the gloutes,rious era ofIsrael's historywhentheirbacksliding should be healed and the re-demption long promised should bereal-

In the Old Testamentiibe brought about by theHe was to be the agentof the change.ized wasSpirit oftoGod.The Spirit andtheMessiahBut we can go still further for thisnew day was made still more definite bythese old men of God. They were givento see not only a new epoch for the;whenall their sorrows should beand the days of their weepingshould be ended, but they were giventhe vision of the One by whom andthrough whom all this was to be accomFor the redemption of Israelplished.was to be effected by a Redeemer. Thecourse of the development of the conception of the personal Messiah is famil-nationpassediar to allBible students.We know howprophecy atshadowy gradually becameof the seer more definitethis figure infirstdim andto the visionuntilin theprophet therestood before the nation the presentmentlaterdays ofthe great

12The Holy Spiritof the suffering Saviour, thewas to be led"woundedas alambOne whoto the slaughterfor our transgressions, bruisedBut the significantthing for our study is that the same Scriptures represent this personal Messiah asin a very peculiar and sympathetic relation to the Spirit of God.If Isaiah tellsof the shoot out of the worn-out stockof Jesse and the fruit-bearing branch outof his roots, he adds as quite in naturalorder, *' and the Spirit of Jehovah shallrest upon Him," which is '' the spirit ofwisdom and of understanding, the spiritof counsel and of might, the spirit ofknowledge and of the fear of Jehovah"(xi. 1).That is, the equipment of theMessiah for His great work shall be duefor our iniquities."directly to the Spirit of Jehovah.In the latter part of the book of Isaiahwhere we read of the Servant of Jehovahthe same combination is found (xlii. 1).There is of course no doubt that the Servant is in some passages not thought of

In the Old Testamentas a single person, thatto speakHeis13identified sowith the Messianic people, butfrom the wholedrift ofthe teachingconcerning the Servant we gather thatthe Messianic people were to be gatheredup in one personal representative. WhatHe does, He does as the idealized headof the true Israel, the Servant ofJehovahbe in Him, in thenew time of which the prophet speaks.So also the Servant speaking in the 48thchapter of Isaiah in a remarkable passagewhose meaning is not altogether clear,as Israel willclaims thein aworkcometoaccompaniment of the Spiritjudgment upon the enemiesofof Jehovah and of chastening for Israel.Behold, I have refined thee, but not assilverI have chosen thee in the furnace*';of affliction.He whomJehovahloveth (Israel) shall perform his pleasureon Babylon, andarmbe on theChaldeans.Come ye near untome, hear ye this from the beginning Ihave not spoken in secret from the time.hisshall.;;

The Holy Spirit14amand now theLord Jehovah hath sent me and his Spir-thatit"was, thereit(vv.:We14-16).10,Iare probablyto take "his Spirit" here as object andnot as subject of the sentence, and if soit simply corroborates our previous findings as to the relation between the Servant and the Spirit of God.The Spirit andThetheIndividualthird function of the Spirit in theOld Testament was the promotion offellowship withof theGod andspiritual lifewhom Godcalledthe cherishingof thetoHimself.there was a personal religiousandpracticedsaintsby the Olddisregarding the sible to deny withoutisitindividualsmuchpassagesofteaching of thethewhichprophets.indicate thatthe Spirit was the guide and helper oftheman who wasness.**Castmeambitious after holinot away from thy

In the Old Testament15presence; and take not thy holy Spiritmefrom me" (Ps. li. 11).*' Teachto do thy willfor thou art my Godcxliii.(Ps.thy Spirit is good"10).;This sanctifying agency of the Spirit isnot yet fully developed.It needed thefuller teaching of Jesus and His apostlesto bring it to maturitybut as surely as;sanctificationcovenant soeffectedit.was possible under the oldsurely was it the Spirit whoMuch could not be revealedabout the way of sanctification until itsmeans were provided for all men. God'ssacrifice for sin must first be offered, andthe Old Testament fromfirstmarily concerned with theforaWeRedeemer.to lastispri-preparationmustexpecttherefore, to find that the function of theSpirit ofisGod on which mostthe function whichisrelated to the purpose ofastress is laidmost intimatelyGodto provideRedeemer.Whatthen havewe foundas totheteaching of the Old Testament about the

The Holy Spirit1That the Spirit isThat He isGodespecially the divine principle workingGod in thefor the redemption of men.Old Testament works, at least fromwithin, on the hearts of men, by HisSpiritChiefly?this.active in the world.Spirit.We should doubtless find that Heexercised His rule from without, by ex-by the Angel ofredemptive agentthat worked in men's hearts was HisSpirit, His good Spirit, His holy Spirit,ternal manifestations,Jehovah.asitisButthevariously called.Fromthe be-ginning of the manifestations of the Theocracy, in thelifeand work of Moses,in the building of the tabernacle, in theworkof the prophets ofIsrael,andlastlyJudah and ofand most gloriouslyinthe mission of the Messiah and in thepromised wonders of the Messianic age,it isthe SpiritwhoisGodactive,equip-ping lawgiver and artificer, prophet andking to do God's work to prepare Israeland the world for the great work of re-

In the Old Testament17demption through the Messiah of Jehovah.Other functions of the Spirit are notThe cosmic Spirit is givenhis true place and left in order to describedwelt upon.hismore important functionof guidingKingdom towardSo also we have found thebe the agent of God in sanctifi-the progress oftheJesus Christ.Spirit tocation, but as already indicated this func-tion could not as yetbe revealed initsma-The Old Testament looks towardturity.Christ.It istherefore natural that thechief function of the Spirit ofGodshouldbe the superintendence of the plan of salwhose preparatory stages it was thepurpose of the Old Testament to devationscribe.Wehave found also that there wasa time when the Spirit thenworking within limits which were preforetoldby the historical necessities ofthe case, would be poured out withoutmeasure. This thought of the two erasscribedB

The Holy Spirit1of the Spirit'smust keeppower and influence (vein mind as it is notclearlypossible to understandJesus without givingThe Trinityinin thethe teaching ofit itsfullweight.Old Testament But what shall we say as to the TrinityMerely this,the Old Testament?that the doctrineThemenSpiritisisGodnot therein revealed.active in the hearts ofaccomplish His glorious purIn theposes, chiefly of redemption.tosame way the doctrine of the Son ofGodisnot specificallyOld Testament.revealed in theThis does notaffectour attitude to the very explicit teachingof the New Testament concerning theWe can byeternal Sonship of Christ.the aid of the later teaching trace Hisworkingin the days of the older revela-and find a fine harmony betweenthe dim and shadowy outlines of the pastand the clearly defined presentation ofthe present era.So with respect to thetion

In the Old Testament19There were nodoctrine of the Spirit.doubt reasons which we cannot fathomwhy God chose so to unfold His natureThe weakstep by step to His people.couldnot reand faulty minds of menParticuceive the whole truth at once.wassomuchlarly in Israel where thereinclination to idolatry He no doubt revealed Himself in His unity rather thanin His triune nature to save His peoplefrom further temptation to this sin.There are, however, not lacking indicationswhichteachingin the light ofwe maytions of thethe latertranslate into manifesta-advanceddoctrine ofthenature of God.There are passageswhere God and the Spirit are distinguished.The Spirit is sent from God asif it were a distinct entity.Men are saidto grieve the Spirit of God.Further,Godincreationspeaks in the plural,Let us make man in our image.Some have held this to be an indication'*of theother persons in the Godhead.

The Holy Spirit20Others have regarded it as a plural ofBut God never hesitates to saymajesty.**Others again have thought thatI."itwas addressedwewere God's agentsareButto the angelic host.lack any other hint that the angelsmadein creation or thatimage.therefore thein theirterpretationisnally, the passageThewefirst in-Fi-safest.which we have alreadyquoted contains, if our reading of it isthe true one, a grouping of the personswhich in the light of latermost striking. The Servantof the Trinityteachingisof Jehovah says(Isa. xlviii.the Lord Jehovah hath sent16)me*'NowandhisSpirit."Theso-called " historical " interpreta-tion of theOld Testamentreject thesediscoveriesTestament truthItsadvocatesin theinsistthatwill of courseof latentNewolder writings.weare to findnothing in the Old Testament but whatwas currently known and believed at thetime of the composition of the books.

In the Old Testament21But on the contrary, it is the view of theTestament that these " holy men ofold " were frequently used by the Spiritto utter truth which they did not them-Newselves fully grasp (I Pet.10-12).i.If in-deed the prophets themselves are competent witnesses as to their relation to theSpirit ofGod we neednot be surprisedfar in advance of their dayin the teachings that they utter.to findNothemdoubtweare to treat these intimathey are such, as nothing more.are not to seek for the full-roundedteaching of the New Testament in thesetions, ifWepreparatory days, but neverthelessinstructive toonewhoprogress of revelation toOld Testament hasmoreleftspecific teaching ofitisbelieves in thefind thattheroom forthe New.theIf you go into a modern printing officewhere the full-color illustrations for oneof our great magazines are prepared youwill find that asas there aremanyplates are requiredprimary colors.First,the

The Holy Spirit22conceptionhere and a littlemore there, deep or pale according to thedegree of intended combination withyellow values of theare printed.Aartist'slittleother colors to be later applied. Thenthe red values are added in the same way,superimposed upon the first printing sored and yellow tonesthe finished proof.as to furnish all thewhichWhatwillexist inthe picture will be like no one ex-cept an expert canBut when thetell.blue values are applied in the third processand the lines are more perfectly definedby the black ink of the fourth process,thefullglory of theartist'sidea appears.somewhat the same with the picwork inthe successive revelations of the Old andItisture of the Spirit's nature andNewTestaments.thefinal state offirstimpression.It isnot easy to readthe doctrine from theThefirstvalues to beapplied are necessary to the full and finalBut they can only be perfecdyunderstood by a glance at the finishedform.

In the Old Testamentmade complete23atthe hands of theChrist and His apostles.For when withtruthand sure articulation those laterhues have been applied we gain the fullrounded and mature idea of the MasterdelicateArtist.

CHAPTERII.The Distribution of the Teaching.TTT WWt wef f ascometo examine thewhich are themain sources of our knowledgefourGospelsthe teachingtoofJesus,struck with a significant fact.weareWedis-cover that in the Synoptic Gospels thereislittleifany advance upon the teach-ing of the Old Testament.littlemore about theSpirit ofWeknowGod whenwe have read the first three Gospels thanwe do when we have studied the passagesOld Testament which refer to theThere are only two or three passages in these Gospels in which appreciof theSpirit.24

Distribution of Teachingable progressismade andnot be intelligible hadwethese25wouldnot other say-them.The new teaching is almost all found inthe Gospel of John and in that Gospelings of Jesus byalmostwhichallwhichto interpretin the last discourses of Jesusare characteristic ofit.The Teaching of the Synoptic GospelsIn the Synoptic Gospels we have emphasized with some force the relationwhich we marked in our review of theOld Testament doctrine, of the Spirit tothe Messianic age andMessiah.claims tothe personaltoJesus appears at Nazareth andbe the one foretold in theprophecy of**Isaiah.TheSpirit of theupon me, because He anointed"me (Luke iv. 18) to do the thingswhich from of old have been promisedLordisof the Messiah(Isa.Ixi.1).In a con-which theyout demons totroversy with the Pharisees inascribetheHis powerspiritof evilto castHereplies,*'If Iby the

The Holy Spirit26God cast out demons, then is thekingdom of God come upon you " (Matt.Spirit ofxii.28).Theseare simplyidentifica-Old Testament concerning the relation of theSpirit to the Kingdom and the Messiah.They point to the fulfillment of prophtions of the predictions of theecy.Likewise the passageinregard to theHoly Spirit, which followssame connection in Matthew'sGospel. As we shall attempt to show,Pharisees was(ch. V.) the sin of thesin against thein theagainst the Spirit as the superintendingIt was not thatagent of redemption.the Holy Spirit was more inviolable inHis person than the Father or the Son,but because His work was the preparation of a salvation forof that salvation wassin againstmentitwasrejectiontherefore peculiarlyHim. He was the accompanikingdom of God to opposeoppose Him, and this was theof thetomen, and—climax of ingratitude to God.

Distribution of TeachingWehavealsoi ithe corroboration of Je-Old Testament view of thesource of the power of the prophets.He attributes the prediction of David inwhich he testified of the Messiah, to thesus of theSpirit (Ps. ex. 1Mark xii.;Matt.xxii. 43,44;cf.This simply reiterates theearlier teaching that when the Old Testament prophets worked and wrote itwas in the power of the Spirit of God.We find therefore thus far no advanceupon the former conceptions of the36).Spirit.Transitionto the laterTeachingAconnecting link between the earlierand the later teaching is, however, probably to be seen in the passage in Matt. x.19, 20, {cf.Markxiii.11;Lukexii12).Whenthey deliver you up, be not anxfor itious how or what ye shall speakshall be given you in that hour what ye*';For it is not ye that speak,but the Spirit of your Father that speak-shall speak.

The Holy Spirit28eth inyou."earlier idea thatHereisGod'scalled servants areequipped with thewhichcontinued theSpirit forthemtheworkBut thepassage contains the further notion whichwe have not as yet seen that there was aday coming in which the Spirit would bethe personal helper and guide of God'smessengers. No explicit mention is madeof His personal character to be sure.But the sort of help which is here promised would be unintelligible unless thisspeaking Spirit were personal. As suchthe passage becomes a foregleam of theJohannine promise of the Paraclete orAdvocate who should plead their causebefore men.It is at least an intimationof the time when the Spirit should berevealed in His personal and sympatheticisgivento do.character.The tworemaining references in theSynoptic Gospels to the Holy Spirit werespoken by Jesus after His resurrection.should naturally expect them to beWe

Distribution of Teachingtinged with the thoughts of the29last dis-courses uttered just before His crucifix-Onethem is indeed couched inlanguage in which direct allusion is madeto the promise of the Paraclete (Lukeion.xxiv.49;ofActsi.4).Theother couldnot be understood except on the basis ofthat promise (Matt, xxviii. 19).The Teaching of JohnTurning nowweto thesGospelGospel of Johnfind that the teaching thatteristicof that Gospelisthatcharac-iswhich wehave found by allusion only in these lastthree passages of the Synoptic Gospels.Especially in the chapterswhich containthe farewell discourses of Jesusticularlydeveloped (x

theteachingofjesus concerning theholyspirit louisburt