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Oracle Data Guard 12cR1Ricardo Portilho Proniricardo@nervinformatica.com.brEsta obra está licenciada sob a licençaCreative Commons Atribuição-SemDerivados 3.0 Brasil.Para ver uma cópia desta licença, 0/br/.

Alta Disponibilidade2

Características da Alta Disponibilidade ConfiançaRecuperabilidadeDetecção de erros em tempo hábilContinuidade operacional3

Análise de Alta Disponibilidade Análise de impacto no negócioCusto de tempo fora de operaçãoObjetivo de tempo de recuperação (RTO)Objetivo de ponto de recuperação (RPO)Meta de gerenciamentoCusto total de propriedade (TCO)Retorno sobre o investimento (ROI)4

Sistemas e Alta Disponibilidade Camada 1 (Faturamento, Vendas) Camada 2 (Compras, Estoque) Camada 3 (BI, Desenvimento)5

Custos e Alta Disponibilidade Tempo máximo de parada tolerado.Frequência máxima de paradas tolerada.Custos facilmente mensuráveis (vendas, funcionários ociosos, multas contratuais)Custos dificilmente mensuráveis (processos judiciais)Custos não mensusáveis (publicidade negativa, clientes irritados)6

Implantação de Alta Disponibilidade7

Soluções Oracle para Alta Disponibilidade Fast-Start Fault RecoveryOracle RestartOracle Real Application Clusters and Oracle ClusterwareOracle RAC One NodeOracle Data GuardOracle GoldenGate and Oracle StreamsOracle Flashback TechnologyOracle Automatic Storage ManagementFast Recovery AreaRecovery ManagerData Recovery AdvisorOracle Secure BackupOracle Security FeaturesLogMinerOracle Exadata Storage Server Software (Exadata Cell)Oracle Exadata Database MachineOracle Database File System (DBFS)Client FailoverAutomatic Block RepairCorruption Prevention, Detection, and Repair8

Indisponibilidades Planejadas Operating system and hardware upgrades - Oracle RACOracle Database patches - Oracle RACOracle Grid Infrastructure upgrades and patches - Oracle RACStorage Migration - Oracle ASMMigrating to Exadata Storage - Oracle MAA best practicesUpgrading Exadata Storage - Exadata Patch ManagerMigrating a single-instance database to Oracle RAC - Oracle Grid InfrastructureMigrating to Oracle ASM - Oracle Data GuardMigrating a single-instance database to Oracle RAC - Oracle Data GuardPatch set and database upgrades - Oracle Data Guard using SQL ApplyOracle interim patches, Oracle clusterware upgrades and patches, Oracle ASM upgrades,Operating System and Hardware Upgrades - Oracle Data Guard Standby-First Patch ApplyMigration across Windows and Linux - Oracle Data GuardPlatform migration across the same endian format platforms - Transportable databasePlatform migration across different endian format platforms - Transportable tablespacePatch set and database upgrades, platform migration, rolling upgrades, and when differentcharacter sets are required - Oracle GoldenGate and Oracle StreamsApplication upgrades - Online Application Maintenance and Upgrades9

Indisponibilidades não Planejadas Site Failures - Oracle Data GuardSite Failures - Oracle GoldenGate and Oracle StreamsSite Failures - Recovery ManagerComputer Failures - Oracle Real Application Clusters and Oracle ClusterwareComputer Failures - Oracle RAC One NodeComputer Failures - Fast-Start Fault RecoveryComputer Failures - Oracle Data GuardComputer Failures - Oracle GoldenGate and Oracle StreamsStorage Failures - Oracle Automatic Storage ManagementStorage Failures - Oracle Data GuardStorage Failures - RMAN with Fast Recovery Area and Oracle Secure BackupStorage Failures - Oracle GoldenGate and Oracle StreamsData Corruption - Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software (Exadata Cell) and Oracle ASMData Corruption - Corruption Prevention, Detection, and RepairData Corruption - Data Recovery Advisor and RMAN with Fast Recovery AreaData Corruption - Oracle Data GuardData Corruption - Oracle GoldenGate and Oracle StreamsHuman Errors - Oracle Security FeaturesHuman Errors - Oracle Flashback TechnologyHuman Errors - LogMinerLost writes - Oracle Data Guard, RMAN, DB LOST WRITE PROTECTLost writes - Oracle Data Guard Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software (Exadata Cell)Hangs or slow down - Oracle Database and Oracle Enterprise Manager10

Maiores informaçõesHigh Availability /toc.htmHigh Availability Best T/toc.htm11

Oracle Data Guard: Evolução12

New Features Data Guard 10.1 Data Guard Broker Support for RACAutomatic LogMiner ConfigurationLog Miner Support for Index-Organized TablesLogMiner Support for More Types: LONG, Multibyte CLOB and NCLOBFine-Grained Supplemental LoggingSecured Redo TransmissionUniquely Named Databases with DB UNIQUE NAMESimplified Zero Data Loss for Data Guard SQL ApplyZero Downtime Instantiation for SQL ApplyReal Time ApplyAutomating Recovery Through Open Resetlogs in Standby Databases13

New Features Data Guard 10.2 Fast-Start FailoverAutomatic Conversion of the Primary Database to a Standby Database Upon FailoverOptimized Asynchronous Redo TransmissionFaster Redo Apply FailoverFaster SQL Apply FailoverAdditional Data Type Support in LogMiner and SQL ApplyAutomatic Deletion of Applied Archive LogsData Guard: Improved Manageability for Redo Transport, Log Apply, and BrokerEasy Conversion of a Physical Standby Database to a Reporting DatabaseFlashback Across Data Guard SwitchoversFine-Grained, Automated Tracking of SQL Apply Runtime PerformanceOptimized Creation of Logical Standby Database14

New Features Data Guard 11.1 Fast-Start Failover for Maximum Performance ModeCompression of Redo Traffic (Only for Gap Resolution)Real-Time Query Capability of Physical Standby DatabaseFast Role Transitions in a Data Guard ConfigurationUser Configurable Conditions to Initiate Fast-Start FailoverDynamic Setting of Oracle Data Guard SQL Apply ParametersEnhanced Data Guard Broker Based Management FrameworkEnhanced Data Guard Management Interface (Using SQL*Plus)Histogram for Redo Transport Response TimeSnapshot StandbyStrong Authentication for Data Guard Redo TransportEnhanced DDL Handling in Oracle Data Guard SQL ApplyEnhanced Oracle RAC Switchover Support for Logical Standby DatabasesOracle Scheduler Support in Data Guard SQL ApplyFine-Grained Auditing (FGA) Support in Data Guard SQL ApplySupport Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) with Data Guard SQL ApplySupport XMLType Data Type (Only CLOB) in Data Guard SQL ApplyVirtual Private Database (VPD) Support in Data Guard SQL ApplySMP Scalable Redo ApplyArchive Log Management Improvements15

New Features Data Guard 11.2 Automatic Block RepairCompressed Table Support in Logical Standby Databases and Oracle LogMinerConfigurable Real-Time Query Apply Lag LimitIntegrated Support for Application Failover in a Data Guard ConfigurationSupport Up to 30 Standby DatabasesUniversal Connection Pool (UCP) Integration with Oracle Data GuardEnable Sampling for Active Data GuardSQL Apply Support for Object Relational ModelSQL Apply Support for Binary XML16

New Features Data Guard 12.1.0.1Global Data Services (GDS)Data Guard Support for Separation of Duty (SoD) Advanced Data Guard Broker Manageability Oracle Data Guard Broker Support for Cascaded Standby Databases Fast Sync Single Command Role Transitions Real-Time Apply is Default Setting for Data Guard Resumable Switchover Operations Active Data Guard Enhanced Security Active Data Guard Support for DML on Global Temporary Tables Active Data Guard Support for Sequences Active Data Guard Real-Time Cascade Active Data Guard Far Sync SQL Apply Extended Data Type Support (EDS) SQL Apply Support for Objects, Collections, and XMLType SQL Apply Support for XMLType SQL Apply Support for SecureFiles LOBs Data Guard Rolling Upgrade Support for Advanced Data Types Data Guard Rolling Upgrade Support for XDB Repository Disaster Protection During Database Rolling Upgrade Oracle Advanced Queuing (AQ) Support for Data Guard Database Rolling Upgrade Oracle Data Guard Broker Support for Database Rolling Upgrades Oracle Scheduler Support for Data Guard Database Rolling Upgrade Rolling Upgrade Using Active Data Guard 17

Oracle Data Guard - Conceitos18

Configurações Primary databasePhysical standby databaseLogical standby databaseSnapshot Standby Database19

Serviços Redo Transport Services Apply Services Role Transitions20

Role Transitions SwitchoverSwitchbackFailoverReinstateConvert21

Interfaces Enterprise Manager / Grid Control / Cloud ControlDGMGRLSQL*PlusInitialization Parameters22

Modos de Proteção Maximum Performance Maximum Availability Maximum Protection23

Tecnologias Complementares Oracle RAC Flashback Database RMAN24

Por que Data Guard?Vantagens Proteção contra desastres. Completa proteção de dados. Uso eficiente de recursos. Flexibilidade entre disponibilidade e desempenho. Flexibilidade entre configurações. Detecção e resolução automática de erros. Gerenciamento simples e centralizado. Integração completa com Oracle Database. Automatic role transitions.Desvantagens Maior complexidade do ambiente. Maior custo de licenças. Maior custo de equipamentos. Maior custo de conhecimento.25

Lab 1: Standby Manual26

Lab 1.1: Standby ManualNa máquina nerv01, crie um banco de dados com o nome “SeuNome01”. dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName New Database.dbt -gdbName TERRA01-sysPassword Nerv2015 -systemPassword Nerv2015 -characterset WE8ISO8859P1-nationalCharacterSet AL16UTF16 -emConfiguration NONE -databaseType OLTPNa máquina nerv01, coloque o banco de dados em modo ARCHIVELOG.Na máquina nerv01, Habilite o FORCE LOGGING.SQL ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;Na máquina nerv01, habilite o backup automático de CONTROLFILE.RMAN CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;Na máquina nerv01, execute um backup:RMAN BACKUP DATABASE;Copie para a máquina nerv02 os BACKUPPIECEs criados pelo backup executado namáquina nerv01, para qualquer diretório.Copie o SPFILE da máquina nerv01 para a máquina nerv02, em ORACLE HOME/dbs.Na máquina nerv02, crie todos os diretórios utilizados por parâmetros no SPFILE.27

Lab 1.2: Standby ManualNa máquina nerv02, inicie a instância em NOMOUNT.RMAN STARTUP NOMOUNT;Na máquina nerv02, restaure o CONTROLFILE.RMAN RESTORE CONTROLFILE FROM ‘/home/oracle/o1 mf s 775375054 7msfqgo1 .bkp’;Na máquina nerv02, altere a instância para o estágio MOUNT.RMAN ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;Na máquina nerv02, catalogue o BACKUPPIECE do BACKUP DATABASE.RMAN CATALOG BACKUPPIECE '/home/oracle/TAG20120216T055648.bkp';Na máquina nerv02, restaure o banco de dados.RMAN RESTORE DATABASE;Na máquina nerv02, abra a instância em READ ONLY.RMAN ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;Por que não funciona?Na máquina nerv02, execute RECOVER no banco de dados.RMAN RECOVER DATABASE;Por que não funciona?28

Lab 1.3: Standby ManualNa máquina nerv01, verifique os ARCHIVED REDO LOGs gerados antes e depois doBACKUP DATABASE.RMAN ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;RMAN ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;RMAN ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;RMAN LIST ARCHIVELOG ALL;Na máquina nerv01, copie os ARCHIVED REDO LOGs para a máquina nerv02, para qualquerdiretório.Na máquina nerv02, catalogue os ARCHIVED REDO LOGs copiados.RMAN CATALOG ARCHIVELOG '/home/oracle/o1 mf 1 70 7mshox4j .arc';Na máquina nerv02, execute RECOVER no banco de dados.RMAN RECOVER DATABASE;Por que continua com erro?Na máquina nerv02, abra a instância em READ ONLY.RMAN ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;29

Lab 1.4: Standby ManualNa máquina nerv01, gere mais ARCHIVED REDO LOGsRMAN ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;RMAN ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;RMAN ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;Na máquina nerv01, copie os ARCHIVED REDO LOGs para a máquina nerv02, para o mesmodiretório que está na máquina nerv01.Na máquina nerv02, execute RECOVER no banco de dados.RMAN SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;RMAN STARTUP MOUNT;RMAN RECOVER DATABASE;Por que continua com erro?Na máquina nerv02, abra a instância em READ ONLY.RMAN ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;30

Physical Standby31