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Prologue:"The"Story"of"Psychology"1"

History"of"Psychology"Introspec6on"" structuralism" tails)."" Then"William"James"wrote"The Principles of Psychology ."

Psychoanalysis" d"Freud"(in"the"early"1900 s)." place"in"your"mind"called"the"unconscious." g"defense"mechanisms."

Behaviorism" some"aspects"of"humanity." Changing"your"behavior" "how"you"feel"" ind"since"it"cannot"be"observed"in"a"laboratory." Very"popular"during"the"conserva6ve"1950 pression."

John%B.%Watson%(187801958)% First"to"use"the"term"behaviorism " Famous"experiment"with"LiYle"Albert" Emo6ons"like"fear"could"be"condi6oned"

d"acceptance.""

ntal"processes"(inner"thoughts"and"feelings)."7"

Psychology ect"one"another."8"

Research"

ure"of"the"rela6onship"between"two"variables."r% % r%negaAve)% 10"

"

Independent"&"Dependent"Variables" "variable"is"the"focus"of"the"study."" "independent"variable." " pendent"variable."

:"The"middle"score"in"a"rankcordered"distribu6on."

"scores"vary"around"the"mean."

lpha"level"set"at"5"percent."

"be"carried"out."

Neuroscience"

smit"messages"to"other"neurons."

d"out"of"channels"in"the"axon’s"membrane.""

making"them"ready"for"another"ac6on"poten6al."

hrenia"and"Parkinson’s"disease."

The"Nervous"System" a6on"system." "cord." em"(CNS)"to"the"rest"of"the"body." etal"muscles." trols"the"glands"and"other"muscles." sful"situa6ons." "that"calms"the"body,"conserving"its"energy."

es "(fightcorcflight)"""Parasympathe6c"NS"Calms "(rest"and"digest)"23"

"scalp."

ms"a"given"task."

tra6ons"

"area"(impaired"understanding)."

Developing"Through"the"Life"Span"

r"our"experiences."

esent"what"they"see."

"the"errors"we"make."

nd."

y"contact"and"not"because"of"nourishment.""

onment."

leY"

Insecure"AYachment"Harlow w"Primate"Laboratory,"University"of"Wisconsin"

oved"one s"life? ave"Mar6n"

people ed"ethical"principles."

Sensa6on"&"Percep6on""

as"shown"in"the"inset."

aller"re6nal"image"to"be"farther"away."

on.""

ves"to"or"from"an"object."

"size"of"the"s6muli."Size"Constancy"

Sensa6on"&"Percep6on percep6on."

Parts"of"the"eye"1. ye."2. the"size"of"the"opening"(pupil)"for"light."3. Lens:"Focuses"the"light"rays"on"the"re6na."4. ual"informa6on"and"sends"it"to"the"brain."46"

na.""Accommoda6on:"The"process"by"which"the"eye ects"on"the"re6na."47"

"the"re6na"around"which"the"eye s"cones"cluster."hYp://www.bergen.org"48"

States"of"Consciousness"

rselves"and"our"environment."

to"a"drug,"the"drug effects"consciousness)."

Withdrawal"&"Dependence"1. ts"of"withdrawal."2. dence)."

sequences"(physical"&"psychological)."1. Addic6ve"drugs"quickly"corrupt."2. Addic6on"cannot"be"overcome"voluntarily."3. eeking"behaviors."

"in"an""organism’s"behavior"due"to"experience."

"s6mulus"with"another."

e"a"response"with"a"consequence."

936)"

place."1. 6mulus."2. half"a"second."

ntually"causes"ex6nc6on."

Reinforcement"Schedules"1. sponse"each"6me"it"occurs."2. art"of"the"6me."Though"this""results"

Behaviorism" scien6fic."" to"psychology,"