Transcription
SUB Gottingen215.9164257S I X T HE D I T I O N2003 A 10709Literaturefor CompositionEssays, Fiction, Poetry, and DramaEdited bySylvan BarnetTufts UniversityWilliam BurtoUniversity of LowellWilliam E. CainWellesley CollegeMarcia StubbsWellesley College.;/1 i-„'*'. ". J .0* i L'.'\ I O\* New York San Francisco Boston i . " F i''; v London .'Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madridw' " NkxicoCity ', Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal
ContentsContents by Genre xxList of Illustrations xxviiPreface to Instructors xxxLetter to Students xxxvii. 'PARTIGetting Started: From Response to ArgumentCHAPTER!The Writer as ReaderReading and Responding 3Kate Chopin Ripe Figs 3Reading as Re-creation 4Making Reasonable Inferences 5Reading with Pen in Hand 6Recording Your First Responses 7Identifying Your Audience and Purpose 8Your Turn: A Writing Assignment 8A Sample Essay by a Student: "Ripening" 9The Argument Analyzed 10Other Possibilities for Writing 11CHAPTER21The Reader as Writer1' ''12Developing a Thesis, Drafting and Writing an Argument 12Pre-writing: Getting Ideas 12 .Annotating a Text 12\ .More about Getting Ideas: A Second Story by Kate Chopin 12Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour 12Brainstorming for Ideas for Writing 14Focused Free Writing 15Listing 15Asking Questions 16Keeping a Journal 17Arguing with Yourself: Critical Thinking 18Arguing a Thesis 19 'Drafting Your Argument 20, .,A Sample Draft: "Ironies in an Hour" 21 Revising an Argument 22.Outlining an Argument 23. - ; ,Soliciting Peer Review 24Final Version of the Sample Essay: "Ironies of Life in Kate Chopin's 'The Storyof an Hour'" 25. . . - ,A Brief Overview of the Final Version 26' ,
ivContentsWriting with a Word Processor 27\* Checklist: Writing with a Word Processor 27Your Turn: Two Additional Stories by Kate Chopin 28Kate Chopin Desiree's Baby 28Kate Chopin The Storm 32A Note about Literary Evaluations 36CHAPTERSReading Literature Closely: Explication37What Is Literature? 37Literature and Form 37Form and Meaning 38Robert Frost The Span of Life 39Reading in Slow Motion 40Explication 41A Sample Explication 42Langston Hughes Harlem 42Working Toward an Explication 43Some Journal Entries 44Sample Essay by a Student (Final Version): "Langston Hughes' 'Harlem'" 45Explication as Argument 47v Checklist: Drafting an Explication 48Why Write? Purpose and Audience 49Your Turn: Poems for Explication 50William Shakespeare Sonnet 73 (That time ofyear thou mayst in mebehold) 50Benjonson On My First Son 51William Blake London 52Emily Bronte Spellbound 53Li-Young Lee I Ask My Mother to Sing 54Alfred, Lord Tennyson UlyssesCHAPTER!54Reading Literature Closely: Analysis57Analysis 57Analyzing a Story from the Hebrew Bible: The Judgment of Solomon 58Thefudgment of Solomon 58Analyzing the Story 59Other Possible Topics for Analysis 60Analyzing a Story from the New Testament: The Parable of the Prodigal Son 61The Parable of the Prodigal Son 62Comparison: An Analytic Tool 63A Sample Essay by a Student: "Two New Women" 65Looking at the Essay 68i* Checklist: Revising a Comparison 69Evaluation in Explication and Analysis 69Choosing a Topic and Developing a Thesis in an Analytic Paper 70Analyzing a Story 72
ContentsJames Thurber The Secret Life of Walter Mitty 72Working Toward a Thesis: Journal Entries 76Developing the Thesis: List Notes 76Sample Draft by a Student: "Walter Mitty Is No Joke" 77Developing an Argument 78Introductory Paragraphs 78Middle Paragraphs 80Concluding Paragraphs 81Coherence in Paragraphs: Using Transitions 82*** Checklist: Revising Paragraphs 83Review: Writing an Analysis 83A Note on Technical Terminology 84A Lyric Poem and a Student's Essay 84Aphra Behn Song: Love Armed 84Journal Entries 85A Sample Essay by a Student: "The Double Nature of Love" 86* Checklist: Editing a Draft 88Your Turn: Short Stories and Poems for Analysis 89Edgar Allan Poe The Fall of the House of Usher 89Virginia Woolf A Haunted House 101Guy de Maupassant The Necklace 103Jose Armas El Tonto del Barrio 109Leslie Marmon Silko The Man to Send Rain Clouds 115Elizabeth Bishop Filling Station 119Elizabeth Bishop The Fish 120Elizabeth Bishop One Art 122CHAPTERJOther Kinds of Writing about LiteratureSummary 124Paraphrase 125What Paraphrase Is 125The Value of Paraphrase 125Literary Response 127Writing a Literary Response 127A Story by a Student: "The Ticket (A Different View of 'The Storyof an Hour')" 127A Poem Based on a Poem 131William Blake TheTyger 131X. J. Kennedy For Allen Ginsberg 132Rewriting a Poem 132William Butler Yeats Annunciation133William Butler Yeats Leda and the Swan [1924] 134William Butler Yeats Leda and the Swan [19331 134Mona Van Duyn Leda 135Parody 136William Carlos Williams This Is Just to Say 137124
viContentsReviewing a Dramatic Production 139'A Sample Review by a Student: "An Effective Macbeth"The Review Reviewed 142CHAPTER 139Reading and Writing about Visual Culture143The Language of Pictures 143Analyzing a Picture: Navajo Dancers Entertaining a Tourist Train 145Notes and a Sample Essay by a Student 145The Analysis Analyzed 150Thinking about Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California 151A Sample Documented Essay by a Student 153Photographers on Photography 162Lou Jacobs Jr. What Qualities Does a Good Photograph Have? 163An American Picture Album: Ten Images 168PARTI IUp Close: Thinking Critically about Literary Worksand Literary FormsCHAPTER/Critical Thinking: Asking Questionsand Making Comparisons177179What Is Critical Thinking? 179:Asking and Answering Questions 179Comparing and Contrasting 181Analyzing and Evaluating Evidence 182Thinking Critically: Asking Questions and Comparing—E. E. Cummings's"Buffalo Bill 's" 183E. E. Cummings Buffalo Bill 's 183Emily Dickinson: Three Versions of a Poem, and More 187Emily Dickinson Ifelt a Funeral, in my Brain 188Emily Dickinson Ifelt a Cleaving in my Mind— 191Emily Dickinson The Dust behind 1 strove to join 191Imaginative Play: Thinking about Four Poems 191 William Butler Yeats The Wild Swans at Coole 192Gwendolyn Brooks We Real Cool 193Andrew Hudgins The Wild Swans Skip School 194Anonymous The Silver Swan 195CHAPTER Reading and Writing about EssaysTypes of Essays 197The Essayist's PersonaVoice 198Tone 199198197
ContentsPre-writing: Identifying the Topic and Thesis 200Brent Staples Black Men and Public Space 200Summarizing 202Summary and Analysis 203Preparing a Summary 203Stating the Thesis of an Essay 205Drafting a Summary 206» Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Essays 208Your Turn: Essays for Analysis 209Langston Hughes Salvation 209Louis Owens The American Indian Wilderness 211May Sarton The Rewards of Living a Solitary Life 213John Updike Talk of the Town: September 11, 2001 215CHAPTER7Reading and Writing about FictionStories True and False 219GraceJPaley Samuel 219Elements of Fiction 222Plot and Character 222Foreshadowing 223Setting and Atmosphere 224Symbolism 224Narrative Point of View 226Style and Point of View 228Theme 228t Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Fiction 229Your Turn: Short Stories for Analysis 231Nathaniel Hawthorne Young Goodman Brown 231Anton Chekhov Misery 240,Eudora Welty A Worn Path 244Isabel AUende If You Touched My Heart 250Alice Elliott Dark In the Gloaming 256C H A P T E R I O219.(.Thinking and Writing Critically about ShortStories: Two Case StudiesCase Study-. Writing about Ralph Ellison's "Battle Royal" 269Ralph Ellison Battle Royal 269Booker T. Washington Atlanta Exposition Address 280W. E. B. Du Bois Of Our Spiritual Strivings 283W. E. B. Du Bois OfMr. Booker T. Washington and Others 284Gunnar Myrdal On Social Equality 287Ralph Ellison1 On Negro Folklore 291Ralph Ellison Life in Oklahoma City 293. 269
viiiContentsCase Study. Writing about Flannery O'Connor 296Flannery O'Connor A Good Man Is Hard to Find 297Flannery O'Connor Revelation 308Remarks from Essays and Letters 321From "The Fiction Writer and His Country" 321From "Some Aspects of the Grotesque in Southern Fiction" 322From "The Nature and Aim of Fiction" 322From "Writing Short Stories" 323On Interpreting "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" 323"A Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable" 324CHAPTER 1 1Looking at Pictures, Writing StoriesThe Impulse to Tell Stories 328Charles Baxter Music for Airports 329A. S. Byatt Christ in the House ofMartha and Mary' Your Turn: Picture to Story 336CHAPTER 1 2328331Fiction into Film338Asking Questions, Thinking Critically, and Making Comparisons 338Film as a Medium 338Film Techniques 340Shots 340Sequences 342Editing 342Theme 343Comparing Filmed and Printed Stories 344Getting Ready to Write 344Drafting an Essay 345K* Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Film 346Suggestions for Further Reading 347A Short Story and a Student's Essay on the Filmed Version 348Mary E. Wilkins Freeman The Revolt of "Mother" 348A Sample Essay by a Student: "Enjoying Mother's Revolution" 359Your Turn: Thinking about Filming Fiction 364CHAPTER 1 3Reading and Writing about DramaTypes of Plays 365Tragedy 365Comedy 366Elements of Drama 367Theme 367Plot 368Gestures 369365
ContentsSetting 370Characterization and Motivation 370Organizing an Analysis of a Character 371First Draft 371Revised Draft 372* Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Drama 374Thinking about a Filmed Version of a Play 375V" Checklist: Writing about a Filmed Play 376Your Turn: Plays for Analysis 376A Note on Greek Tragedy 376Thinking Critically about a Tragedy: Sophocles's AntigoneSophocles Antigone 378Susan Glaspell Trifles 404Luis Valdez Los Vendidos 414CHAPTER 1 4ix378Thinking Critically about Drama424Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie 425Tennessee Williams's Production Notes 466The Screen Device 466The Music 467The Lighting 467A Sample Essay by a Student 468Preliminary Notes 468Final Version of the Student's Essay: "The Solid Structure of The GlassMenagerie" 469CHAPTERlJReading and Writing about PoetryElements of Poetry 475The Speaker and the Poet 475Emily Dickinson I'm Nobody! Who are you? 475Emily Dickinson Wild Nights—Wild Nights 476The Language of Poetry: Diction and Tone 477Writing about the Speaker 478Robert Frost The Telephone 478Journal Entries 479Figurative Language 481Imagery and Symbolism 483William Blake The Sick Rose 483Verbal Irony and Paradox 484Structure 485Robert Herrick Upon Julia's Clothes 485A Sample Essay by a Student: "Herrick's Julia, Julia's Herrick" 485The Analysis Analyzed 487Christina Rossetti In an Artist's Studio 488475
xContents "Explication 489An Example 489.William Butler Yeats The Balloon of the Mind 489Annotations and Journal Entries 489A Sample Essay by a Student: "Explication of W. B. Yeats's 'The Balloonof the Mind'" 490 I-" Checklist: Explication 492Rhythm and Versification: A Glossary for Reference 492 Meter 494Patterns of Sound 496Stanzaic Patterns 497, .Blank Verse and Free Verse 498«" Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Poetry 498Your Turn: Poems about People, Places, and Things 500People 500Robert Browning My Last Duchess 500E. E. Cummings anyone lived in a pretty how town 502Sylvia Plath Daddy 504Louise Erdrich Indian Boarding School: The Runaways 506Huddie Ledbetter De Titanic 507Etheridge Knight For Malcolm, a Year After 510Places 512Basho An Old Pond 512William Butler Yeats Sailing to Byzantium 513James Wright Lying, in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm in Pine Island,Minnesota 515Yusef Komunyakaa Facing It516Derek Walcott A Far Cry from Africa 518Anonymous Deep River 519Things 521William Carlos Williams The Red Wheelbarrow 521Walt Whitman A Noiseless Patient Spider 521Mary Oliver Hawk 522CHAPTER 1 6Thinking Critically about PoetryCase Study: Writing about Emily Dickinson524Emily Dickinson / heard a Fly buzz—when I died— 524Emily Dickinson The Soul selects her own Society 526Emily Dickinson These are the days when Birds come backEmily Dickinson Papa above! 527Emily Dickinson There's a certain Slant of light 527Emily Dickinson This World is not Conclusion 527Emily Dickinson I got so I could hear his name— 528Emily Dickinson Because I could not stop for Death 529Emily Dickinson Those—dying, then 529Emily Dickinson Apparently with no surprise 530Emily Dickinson Tell all the Truth but tell it slant 530524526
ContentsA Sample Essay by a Student: "Religion and Religious Imageryin Emily Dickinson" 530PARTI I IStanding Back: Arguing Interpretations and Evaluations,and Understanding Critical StrategiesCHAPTER1/535Arguing an Interpretation537Interpretation and Meaning 537Is the Author's Intention a Guide to Meaning? 537What Characterizes a Sound Interpretation? 538An Example: Interpreting Pat Mora's "Immigrants" 539Pat Mora Immigrants 539Thinking Critically about Responses to Literature 540Two Interpretations by Students 541Robert Frost Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 541Sample Essay by a Student: "Stopping by Woods—and Going On" 543Sample Essay by a Student: '"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' as aShort Story" 546Your Turn: Poems for Interpretation 549John Milton When I Consider How My Light Is Spent 549Robert Frost Mending Wall 550William Wordsworth A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal 551T. S. Eliot The Love Song ofj. Alfred Prufrock 552CHAPTERl oArguing an Evaluation557Criticism and Evaluation 557,Are There Critical Standards? 558Morality and Truth as Standards 558Other Ways of Thinking about Truth and Realism 559Your Turn: Poems and Stories for Evaluation 562Matthew Arnold Dover Beach 562Anthony Hecht The Dover Bitch 563Robert Frost Design 564Ira Gershwin The Man That Got Away 565Ambrose Bierce An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge 567Katherine Mansfield Miss Brill 574C H A P T E R ! / Writing about Literature: An Overviewof Critical StrategiesThe Nature of Critical Writing 579Criticism as Argument: Assumptions and Evidence *580579.
xiiContentsSome Critical Strategies 581Formalist Criticism (New Criticism) 581Deconstruction 583Reader-Response Criticism 583Archetypal Criticism (Myth Criticism) 585Historical Criticism 585Psychological or Psychoanalytical Criticism 587Gender Criticism (Feminist, and Lesbian and Gay Criticism) 588Your Turn: Putting Critical Strategies to Work 592Suggestions for Further Reading 593PARTIVA Thematic AnthologyC HAPTER20597Love and HateEssays 599Sei Shdnagon A Lover's Departure 599Judith Ortiz Cofer I Fell in Love, or My Hormones AwakenedLouis Menand Love Stories 604Andrew Sullivan The Love Bloat 607599600Fiction 610Ernest Hemingway Cat in the Rain 610A Student's Notes and Journal Entries on "Cat in the Rain" 612Asking Questions about a Story 613A Sample Essay by a Student: "Hemingway's American Wife" 615A Second Example: An Essay Drawing on Related Materialin the Chapter 618Sample Essay by a Student: "Hemingway's Unhappy Lovers" 619William Faulkner A Rose for Emily 621Zora Neale Hurston Sweat 632Case Study: Writing about Raymond Carver 641Raymond Carver Mine 641Raymond Carver Little Things 641Raymond Carver What We Talk about When We Talk about Love 643Raymond Carver Cathedral 651Talking about Stories 660On Rewriting 663Michael Gerber and Jonathan Schwarz What We Talk about When We Talkabout Doughnuts 663Poetry 665Anonymous Western Wind 665Christopher Marlowe Come Live with Me and Be My Love 665
ContentsSir Walter Raleigh The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd 666John Donne The Bait 667William Shakespeare Sonnet 29 (When, in disgrace with Fortuneand men's eyes) 668William Shakespeare Sonnet 116 (Let me not to the marriage of true minds)John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 670Andrew Marvell To His Coy Mistress 672William Blake The Garden of Love 674William Blake A Poison Tree 67'4Walt Whitman When I Heard at the Close of the Day 676Walt Whitman /Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing 677Christina Rossetti A Birthday 680Edna St. Vincent Millay Love Is Not All: It Is Not Meat nor Drink 681Robert Frost The Silken Tent 682Adrienne Rich Novellaxiii670684Adrienne Rich XI (from Twenty-One Love Poems)Robert Pack The Frog Prince 685Joseph Brodsky Love Song 686Nikki Giovanni Love in Place 687Carol Muske Chivalry 688Kitty Tsui A Chinese Banquet 689684Drama 691Wendy Wasserstein The Man in a Case 691CHAPTER21EssaysGender Roles: Making Men and Women698698KathaPollitt Why Boys Don't Play with Dolls 698Scott Russell Sanders The Men We Carry in Our Minds . . . and How They Differfrom the Real Lives of Most Men 701Fiction 704Charlotte Perkins Gilman The Yellow Wallpaper 704Richard Wright The Man Who Was Almost a Man 715Bobbie Ann Mason Shiloh 724Doris Lessing A Woman on a Roof 733Gloria Naylor The Two 740Alice Munro Boys and Girls 146Poetry755Three Nursery Rhymes755What Are Little Boys Made Of 756Georgie Porgie 756The Milk Maid 757Anonymous Higamus, Hogamus 758Dorothy Parker General Review of the Sex Situation758
xivContents-Rita Dove Daystar 759Robert Hayden Those Winter Sundays 760Muriel Rukeyser Myth l6lTheodore Roethke My Papa's Waltz 762Lucille Clifton wishes for sons 763Sharon Olds Rites of Passage 764Frank O'Hara Homosexuality 765Shel Silverstein A Boy Named Sue 766Tess Gallagher I Stop Writing the Poem 769Julia Alvarez Woman's Work 770Maude Meehan Is There Life After Feminism 111Marge Piercy A Work ofArtifice 772Drama 774Henrik Ibsen A Doll's House 11Ap Case Study: Writing about Barbie and Gender 824 jj Anonymous Beauty and the Barbie Doll 826f§ Kevin Leary Barbie Curtsies to Political Correctness 826Meg Wolitzer Barbie as Boy Toy 827Yona Zeldis McDonough Sex and the Single Doll 829f Marge Piercy Barbie Doll 831Denise Duhamel Buddhist Barbie 831C H A P T E R 2 2Innocence and ExperienceEssay 834Maya Angelou Graduation834Fiction 842James Joyce Araby 842Langston Hughes One Friday MorningJohn Updike A&P 853Toni Cade Bambara The Lesson 858847Poetry 863William Blake Infant Joy 863William Blake Infant Sorrow 864William Blake The Echoing Green 866Gerard Manley Hopkins Spring and Fall 867A. E. Housman When I Was One-and-Twenty (A Shropshire Lad #13) 868E. E. Cummings in Just- 868Louise Gliick The School Children 870Louise Gliick Gretel in Darkness 870Drama 871Case Study- Writing about Shakespeare's Hamlet 871A Note on the Elizabethan Theater 872A Note on Hamlet on the Stage 873834
ContentsxvA Note on the Text of Hamlet 811. William Shakespeare The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark 883Ernest Jones Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex 988. 'Anne Barton The Promulgation of Confusion 990- .Stanley Wells On the First Soliloquy 993Elaine Showalter Representing Ophelia 995Claire Bloom Playing Gertrude on Television 996Bernice W. Kliman The BBC Hamlet: A Television Production 997Stanley Kauffmann At Elsinore 999 WillSaretta Branagh'sFilm of'Hamlet 1002CHAPTER23Identity in America1005Essays 1005Thomas Jefferson The Declaration of IndependenceAnna Lisa Ray a It's Hard Enough Being Me 1010Andrew Lam Goodbye, Saigon, Finally 1013Fiction 1015Isaac Bashevis Singer The Son from AmericaAmy Tan Two Kinds 1020Louise Erdrich The Red Convertible 1028Katherine Min Courting a Monk 103510051015Poetry 1045Emma Lazarus The New Colossus 1045Thomas Bailey Aldrich The Unguarded Gates 1046Joseph Bruchac III Ellis Island 1047 Edwin Arlington Robinson Richard Cory 1048Aurora Levins Morales Child of the Americas 1050Gloria Anzaldua To Live in the Borderlands Means You 1051Jimmy Santiago Baca So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs from Americans 1053Langston Hughes Theme for English B 1054Pat Parker For the white person who wants to know how to be my friend 1056Mitsuye Yamada To the Lady 1057. Drama 1059August Wilson Fences 1059Case Study: Writing about American Indian Identity1105Anonymous Arapaho My Children, When at First I Liked the Whites 1105Anonymous Arapaho Father, Have Pity on Me . 1106Lydia Howard Huntley Sigourney The Indian's Welcometo the Pilgrim Fathers 1106,.Robert Frost The Vanishing Red 1108 : .Wendy Rose Three Thousand Dollar Death Song 1110Nila northSun Moving Camp Too Far 1111Sherman Alexie On the Amtrak from Boston to New York City 1113Representations—Visual and Verbal—of Pocahontas 1115' .
xviContents John Smith John Smith Saved by Pocahontas 1115Miss Baker Last Wish of Pocahontas 1117George P. Morris Pocahontas 1119Moses Y. Scott Pocahontas 1119Paula Gunn Allen Pocahontas to Her English Husband, John Rolfe 1120John d'Entremont Review of Disney's Pocahontas 1122C H A P T ER24Art and LifeA Note on Connections between Literature and the Other ArtsSix Quotations about the Arts 1129Your Turn: Responding to the Arts 113011271127Essays 1130Oscar Wilde Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray 1130Pablo Picasso Talking about Art 1132Willa Cather Light on Adobe Walls 1134Ralph Ellison On Bird, Bird-Watching, and Jazz 1136Fiction 1142B. Traven Assembly Line 1143James Baldwin Sonny's Blues 1151Alice Walker Everyday Use 1173Poetry 1180Edward Hirsch Fast Break 1180W. F. Bolton Might We Too? 1183Walt Whitman That Music Always Round Me 1184William Wordsworth The Solitary Reaper 1186John Keats Ode on a Grecian Urn 1187Archibald MacLeish Ars Poetica 1189Paul Laurence Dunbar The Quilting 1190Nikki Giovanni For Saundra 1191Louise Gluck The Mountain 1192Case Study: Writing about Literary Visions (Word and Image) 1194Thinking and Writing about Poems and Pictures 1194A Sample Essay by a Student 1194Word and Image 1195Jane Flanders Van Gogh's Bed 1196William Carlos Williams The Great Figure 1198Adrienne Rich Mourning Picture 1200Cathy Song Beauty and Sadness 1202Mary Jo Salter The Rebirth of Venus 1204Anne Sexton The Starry Night 1206W. H. Auden Musee des Beaux Arts 1208X. J. Kennedy Nude Descending a Staircase 1211Greg Pape American Flamingo 1212
,ContentsCarl Phillips Luncheon on the Grass 1214John Updike Before the Mirror 1216Wislawa Szymborska Brueghel's Two MonkeysCHAPTER25xvii1218Law and Disorder1220Essays 1220Henry David Thoreau From "Civil Disobedience" 1220George Orwell A Hanging 1224Martin Luther King Jr. Letterfrom Birmingham Jail 1228Case Study: Writing about the Sacco-Vanzetti Trial 1242Columbia Encylopedia Sacco-Vanzetti Case 1243Bartolomeo Vanzetti Remarks to a Reporter 1244Ben Shahn The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti 1246Bartolomeo Vanzetti (adapted by Selden Rodman) Last Speech to the Court 1247I- Katherine Anne Porter Afterward 1249Countee Cullen Not Sacco and Vanzetti 1251Edna St.-Vincent Millay Justice Denied in Massachusetts Xl lFiction 1254Six Very Short Stories 1254Aesop A Lion and Other Animals Go HuntingJohn The Woman Taken in Adultery 1256Anonymous Three Hasidic Tales 1257Franz Kafka Before the Law 1259\255Elizabeth Bishop The Hanging of the Mouse 1261Ursula K. Le Guin The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas 1263Case Study: Writing about Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery" 1268Shirley Jackson The Lottery 1268Manuscript Materials 1274The Typescript and the Letter by Gustave Lobrano 1274Galley Proofs 1278Shirley Jackson Biography of a Story 1278Encyclopaedia Britannica Scapegoat 1281Five Statements about the Theme in Jackson's "The Lottery" 1281Two Interpretations by Students 1282Poetry 1291Anonymous Birmingham Jail 1291A. E. Housman The Carpenter's Son 1293A. E. Housman Eight O'clock 1295A. E. Housman Oh who is that young sinner 1295A. E. Housman The laws of God, the laws of man 1296Edgar Lee Masters Judge Selah Lively 1297Claude McKay If We Must Die 1298Jimmy Santiago Baca Cloudy Day 1299
ContentsAPPENDIXARemarks about Manuscript Form1302Basic Manuscript Form 1302Corrections in the Final Copy 1303Quotations and Quotation Marks 1303Quotation Marks or Underlining? 1306A Note on the Possessive 1306APPENDIX!)Writing a Research Paper1307What Research Is Not, and What Research Is 1307Primary and Secondary Materials 1307Locating Materials: First Steps 1308'Other Bibliographic Aids 1309'Taking Notes 1310 Two Mechanical Aids: The Photocopier and the Word Processor 1310A Guide to Note-Taking 1311Drafting the Paper 1312Focus on Primary Sources 1313Documentation 1313What to Document: Avoiding Plagiarism 1313How to Document: Footnotes, Internal Parenthetical Citations, and a List ofWorks Cited (MIA Format) 1315APPENDixLNew Approaches to the Research Paper:Literature, History, and theWorld Wide WebCase Study on Literature and History: The Internmentof Japanese Americans 1325Literary Texts 1326Mitsuye Yamada The Question of Loyalty 1326David Mura An Argument: On 1942 1321Historical Sources 1329Basic Reference Books (Short Paper) 1330Getting Deeper (Medium Paper) 1331 Checklist: Researching a Literary-Historical Paper 1334Other Reference Sources (Long Paper) 1334Too Much Information? 1337Electronic Sources 1338Encyclopedias: Print and Electronic Versions 1338The Internet/World Wide Web 1340Evaluating Sources on the World Wide Web 1345 Checklist: Evaluating Sources on the World Wide Web 1345 , 1325
%ContentsxixDocumentation: Citing Sources on the World Wide Web 1346v Checklist: Citing Sources on the World Wide Web , 1346MLA General Conventions 1347Additional Print and Electronic Sources 1350Search Engines and Directories 1351Print Directories 1351Print Articles on Literature, History, and the WWW 1352Evaluating Websites and Materials 1353Recommended WWW Sites for Scholarly Citationand the Internet/WWW 1353APPENDlxDLiterary Research:Print and Electronic Resources1354The Basics 1354 ., Moving Ahead: Finding Sources for Research Work 1354Literature—Print Reference Sources 1355Other Reference Resources 1355.Bibliographies 1356Literature—Electronic Sources 1358,Other Useful Sites on Authors 1359'.-.-.Sites for Other Fields and Disciplines 1359History—Reference and Bibliography Sources 1360WWW Sites for History 1360Periodicals—Print and Electronic Sources 1361For General Bibliography in the Humanities 1361For Evaluating Point of View, Content, and Intended Audience of Sources 1363Other Resources 1363What Does Your Own Institution Offer? 1363APPENDIXEGlossary of Literary TermsLiterary Credits 1377Photo Credits 1387Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of PoemsIndex of Terms 140313911365
A Short Story and a Student's Essay on the Filmed Version 348 Mary E. Wilkins Freeman The Revolt of "Mother" 348 A Sample Essay by a Student: "Enjoying Mother's Revolution" 359 Your Turn: Thinking about Filming Fiction 364 CHAPTER 13 Reading and Writing about Drama 365 Types of Plays 365 T
