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THE BACK EDGE OF THE TONGUE, UPTURNED, WHENTOUCHING THE ROOTS OF THE MOLARS AND THE PRE-MOLARSft.From this Makhraj the letter j*is pronounced.There are three ways of pronouncing the Jfi1. From the right side2. From the left side3. From both sides at the sametimeBut it is commonly easier to pronounce the J?the left side.NOTE: The letterJe is known as:fromHARFE-HAFIYAH Uj because it is pronounced from the upturned sides ofthe tongueTHE EDGE OF THE TONGUE, WHEN TOUCHING THE GUMS OFTHE TEETH, WHICH EXTENDS FROM THE PRB-MOLAR ON ONESIDE, TO THE PRB-MOLAR ON THE OTHER SIDE.9.From this Makhraj the letterJis pronounced.THE EDGE OF THE TONGUE, WHEN TOUCHING THE GUMSOF THE TEETH, WHICH EXTENDS FROM THE CANINE ON ONESIDE, TO THE CANINE ON THE OTHER SIDE10.From this Makhraj the letter11.Ois pronounced.THE EDGE OF THE TONGUE, INCLUDING THE IMMEDIATETOP, WHEN TOUCHING THE GUMS OF THE CENTRAL INCISORS(THANAYA ULYA) AND THE LATERAL INCISORS (RABA'IEYAH)From this Makhraj the letterNOTE: The lettersTARFIYA'J L XyJjJJis pronounced.are known as HUROOFE-AND HUROOFE-ZHALKIYA Z jbecause they are pronouncedtongue.13J &from the edge ofthe

,12. THE TIPOF THE TONGUE WHEN TOUCHING THE ROOTS OPTHE THANAYA ULYA.From this Makhraj the lettersNOTE: The letters-NIET'IEYAH k J,O t/S 2 O arepronouncedare known as HUROOFEbecause they are pronouncedfrom the cavity of the roots of the THANAYA ULYATHE TIP OF THE TONGUE WHEN TOUCHING THE EDGE OFTHE CENTRAL INCISORS (THANAYA ULYA)13.From this Makhraj the letters NOTE: The lettersHUROOFE-LIETHWIYAHj Jj are pronouncedare known as %%because they arepronounced from the teeth which are attached to thegums which in turn are known as LITH-THA.&THE TIP OF THE TONGUE WHEN TOUCHING THE EDGE OF(THANAYA SUFLA)INCISORSLOWER CENTRALTHEINCLUDING THE UPPER CENTRAL INCISORS (THANAYA ULYA)14.From this Makhraj the letters jP {jT J are pronouncedNOTE: The letters j HUROOFE-ASALIYA /l/"Jare known as 2*j?because they arepronounced from the sharp tip of the tongue.THE INNER CENTRE OF THE BOTTOM LIP WHEN TOUCHINGTHE EDGE OF THE UPPER CENTRAL INCISORS (THANAYA15.ULYA)From this Makhraj the letter.14 is pronounced.

16.BOTH THE LIPS (WHEN MEETING)From this Makhraj theare pronounced.NOTE:1. letters ( JGHAIR MADDAHportions ofis pronounced from the wetthe lips.ofis pronounced from the dry portionsthe lips.is pronounced by the incomplete meetingof the lips.fJ2.The letters J»HUROOFE-SHAFAWIYAH*-r *j *jV7f}are known asbecause they arepronounced from the lips.17.KHAISHOOM-?j?THE NOSTRILS.From this Makhraj the GHUNNA is Define Makhraj.2. How many Makharij are there?3. a. What is the Makhraj of J i5 ghair maddah?b. Explain S ghair maddah.4. Recite the poem regarding the teeth.5. a. Which letter is known as Harfe Hafiyah?b.And what is it's Makhraj?c.How many ways are there of pronouncing thisletter?6. Which letters are known as Huroofe Niet'ieyah?7. a. What is the Makhraj of the Huroofe Shafawiyah?b. Describe the difference in the Makhraj of1. 315

KhaishoomJowf

tSIFAATDEFINITION The qualities with which a letter ispronounced is called SIFATSIFAAT ARE OF TWO TYPES s1.LAAZIMAH2.AARIDHAH\ jjfi [fLAAZIMAH t That quality which isletter itself.2. AARIDHAH t That quality which iscircumstances.1.found in thefound duetoLAAZIMAH IS OF TWO TYPES »1.ZHAATIYAH2.MAHALLIYAH1.ZHAATIYAH l5*That quality which has to do with the pronouncing ofthe letter itself. Without the quality,it isimpossible to pronounce the letter. If- the letter ispronounced, it will be incomplete.2.MAHALLIYAH IThat quality which describes the MAKHRAJ ofletter.16the

ZHAATIYAH IS OP TWO TYPES JA,MUTADHAADDAHB.GHAIR MUTADHAADDAHA.MDTADHAADDAHsThose two qualities which are opposite to eachother.NOTE: MUTADHAADDAH has five pairs. From each pair,NEITHER can the two qualities be found together inany one letter, NOR can any letter be without anyone of the two qualities. From each pair, onequality will DEFINITELY be found in a letter.GHAIR MUTADHAADDAHs Those qualities which have NOOPPOSITES.B.A. THEREARE TEN TYPES OF MUTADHAADDAHs -f (1st pair)2.JAHR l5(2nd pair)4.RIKHWAT6.ISTIFAALJlXli» 8.INFITAAH hil]ISMAAT J1.HAMS3.SHIEDDAT5.ISTIE'LA&u (3rd7.ITBAAQ Lt 9.IZHLAAQb A'- "Vpair)(4th pair)(5th P air)10' 4*OJ Jwhich whenis that quality(ftHAMSpronounced, the VOICE of the letter ends off so LOWin the Makhraj, that the BREATH will REMAIN FLOWING.1.,ine.g. TheJ jNOTE:There are 10 LETTERS of HAMS, which are;1. t* j,'jy *o*f/17

2.The LETTERS of HAMS are known as MAHMOOSAH.3.The OPPOSITE of HAMS is JAHR.which whenis that quality,JAHRjf*endsoff so HIGHpronounced, the VOICE of the letterin the Makhraj, that THE BREATH will not continue to2.flow.e.g.The*ingreNOTE: 1. The LETTERS of JAHR are known asMAJ HOORAH'.0j%2. Besides the LETTERS of MAHMOOSAH, the restare MAJ 'HOORAH. *Xs,is' that quality, which whenSHIEDDATpronounced the VOICE of the letter will be HARD, andthe VOICE of the letter will END OFF in the Makhraj3.e.g. The in cU-lNOTE: 1. There are2.8LETTERS of SHIEDDAT, which are;The LETTERS of SHIEDDAT are known asSHADEEDAH l&3.The OPPOSITE of SHIEDDAT is RIKHWAT.RIKHWAT&3P2is that quality, which whenpronounced the VOICE of the letter will be SOFT andthe VOICE of the letter will REMAIN FLOWING in theMakhraj4.e.g.The jin &U18

NOTE:1.The LETTERS of RIKHWAT are known asRIKHWAH2.p/lBETWEEN the QUALITIES of SHIEDDAT andRIKHWAT, there is ANOTHER QUALITY known asTAWASSUTJcuyTAWASSUTis that quality, which whenpronounced, the VOICE of the letter will be BETWEENTHE QUALITY of SHIEDDAT AND RIKHWATe.g. TheNOTE:1.JinJjThere are five LETTERS of TAWASSUT, whichare,, j j,2.The LETTERS of TAWASSUT are known asMUTAWASSITAH.3.Besides the LETTERS of SHADIDAH, ANDMUTAWASSITA the REST are the LETTERS ofRIKHWAT.l&"that quality, which whenIL-IZ'LA / V pronounced, the MAJOR PORTION of THE TONGUE from theBACK, will rise towards the palate5.e.g. TheNOTEi1. inljuapvj\j There are seven LETTERS of ISTIE'LA, which&&&2.The LETTERS of ISTIE'LA are known asMUSTA LI YAH J&f'3.The OPPOSITE of ISTIE'LA is ISTIFAAL.19

is that quality, which whenISTIFAALO f ipronounced, the MAJOR PORTION of THE TONGUE, fromthe BACK, will NOT rise towards the palate6.ie.g. TheNOTE: ineU.J 1.The LETTERS of ISTIFAAL are known asMUSTAFILAH , '.ly2.Besides the LETTERS of MUSTA'LIYAH, theREST are the LETTERS of MUSTAFILAH,is that quality, which whenITBAAQ&\?Hpronounced, the CENTER of the TONGUE, WILL MEET andEMBRACE the palate7.e.g. TheJ?inj \ &NOTE: 1. There are four LETTERS of ITBAAQ, whichliare2.The LETTERS of ITBAAQ are known asMUTBIQAH*Jf3.The OPPOSITE of ITBAAQ is INFITAAH.INFITAAHis that quality, which whenZ ipronounced, the CENTER of the TONGUE, WILL NOT MEETand COVER the palate8.e.g. TheNOTE:1.lJin} The LETTERS of INFITAAH are known as'*'MUNFATIHAH,'%2.Besides the LETTERS of MUTBIQAH, the RESTare the LETTERS of MUNFATIHAH.20

* 1l y \IZHLAAQis that quality, which whenpronounced, THE LETTERS, IN THEIR MAKHRAJ, arepronounced QUICKLY and SWIFTLY.9.e.g. TheNOTE:finj q 1.There are six LETTERS of IZHLAAQ which are2.The LETTERS of IZHLAAQ are known asMUZHLIQAH * 3.The OPPOSITE of IZHLAAQ is ISMAAToW )is that quality, which whenISMAATpronounced, the LETTERS, IN THEIR MAKHRAJ, arepronounced SLOWLY AND FIRMLY.10.e.g. The JfNOTE:in Q 1.The LETTERS of ISMAAT are knownMUSMITAH,*j *2.Besides the LETTERS of MUZHLIQAH, the RESTare the LETTERS of MUSMITAH.21

:B.THERE ARE SEVEN TYPES OF GHAIR MOTADHAADDAH1QALQALAH XlS?23.TAFASHSHEEQ F- &\cJlt lis that quality, which whenQALQALAHidJtiS(WHEN IT HAS Apronounced the VOICE of the letterSUKOON) will be pronounced WITH AN ECHOING SOUND.1.e.g.NOTE:TheJino J»tiiilThere are five LETTERS of QALQALAH, which are ZrSAFEERis that quality, which whenpronounced the VOICE ofthe letter willbepronounced QUICKLY, WITH A SOUND LIKE THAT OF AWHISTLE2.e.g. Thew-ink\j j . NOTE: There are three LETTERS of SAFEER, which arewwJ TTAFASHSHEEis that quality, which whenpronounced, the VOICE of the letter will FLOWTHROUGHOUT THE MOUTH3.e.g.The J.in&jtf ;NOTE: This quality is found ONLY in the LETTER22

TAKREKRis that quality which whenJ pronounced there will be a shiver on the tongue.4.e.g. TheJin o JlfIMPORTANT: Takreer is shown for this reason that aperson should refrain from it.NOTE: This quality is found only in the letter jis that quality, which when lfi?LEENpronounced the VOICE of the letters is SO SOFT, thatif a person wants TO MAKE MADD ON THEM, it will bePOSSIBLEc 35.e.g. TheNOTE:Jinc ci iand theiS in0ca1 )Ij1.This quality is found ONLY in the LETTERSof LEEN2.will be the LETTERS of LEENhavea sukoon and the letteronly when theybefore them has a zabar (fat 'ha).e.g. The3Jandin Sj\and thel in ,\LZK \is that quality, which whenINHIRAAFpronounced, the SOUND of the letter, RETURNS IN THEMAKHRAJ6.when pronounced, RETURNSJThe Makhraj ofLAAMand VICE-VERSA.ofMakhrajTOWARDS theNOTE: This quality is found ONLY in the LETTERSJ ande.g.JcJlia -'j,is that quality, which whenISTITAIATthe letter will REMAIN,ofpronounced, the VOICEFROM THE BEGINNING of the MAKHRAJ, TILL THE END.7.e.g. TheJfin % % mNOTE: This quality is found ONLY in the LETTER23

Makhrajof Theteckedgeof etoweupturned, touching ttegums of the Molarsand Premolars. Sifaat. Back of tongueshould rise towards P ewhfle the centremil meet and embrace-it, and also sound ofthe letter will remain from beginning tffl end ? SSgfj - of tonguGfSuflatheedge of the Thanaya SulBack ofJSS Thlna Ulya. Stfaat.the palate while owaro S, „-* ac* rf.of makhraj.-*» The tip of the tongue whentouching the roots of the Thanaya LRya.Sifaat. Back of tongue should rise towardsthe palate while the centre wi meet andMakhraj ofof the tongue whentouching the edge of the Thanaya my a.Sifaat. Back of tongue should rise towardsthe palate while the centre will meet andembrace it, and voice will flow in makhraj.Makhraj of -b Thetipembraceit.

J" The tip of the tonguewhen touching the edge of the ThanayaSuf la including the Thanaya Ulya.Sif aat. Uoice of letter should be soft andMakhraj of jwill flow in makhraj, and will be pronouncedsharply with a whistling sound.Makhraj of v—5 The inner centre of thebottom lip when touching the edge of theThanaya Ulya. Sif aat. Voice of letter shouldbe soft and will flow in the makhraj.Makhraj ofO- Thetipof the tonguewhen touching the roots of the ThanayaUlya. Sif aat. Uoice of letter shouldandwillend offMakhraj of— in-be haremakhraj.Thetipof the tonguewhen touching the edge of the ThanayawillUKjUoice of letter should be soft andflow in makhraj.Sif aat.

.QuestionsWhat is the definition of Sifat?2. How many types of Sifaat are there?3. a. What does Zhaatiyah mean?b.Name the two types of Zhaatiyah.4. Define Mutadhaaddah5. Give only the ten names of Mutadhaaddah.6. a. What is the definition of Hams?b.Name the ten letters of Hams.7. What does Rikhwat mean?8. What is the difference between Istie'lah andItbaaq?9. What does Ghair Mutadhaaddah mean?10. Give only the seven names of GhairI.Mutadhaaddah11. Define Qalqalah.12, What are the letters of Inhiraaf?13 .a Istitalat is found in which letter?b Define Istitalat?.AADAAB OF THE HOLY QURANshould be known that true benefit canonly be derived from something when allit's aadaab and etiquettes are carried outin full. The same applies to the Quran.Some of the etiquettes of the Quran areItas follow :1. To have wudhu'2.Face the Qiblaha clean placeSit in a respectable posture3. Sit in4.Recite with humility6. Correct the intention7. Keep the pleasure of Allah in mind8. Concentrate during recital9. Do not allow the mind to stray10. To apply Itr before recital11. To make miswaak before recital12. To wear good, clean clothes5.

.TERMS TO KNOW #HAR'KAATare three:ZABAR'J)FAT 'HA-ZER/J'KASRAH-"»PESH DHAMAAHA letter with a harkat is known as a MUTAHARRIEKTANWEENare also three. J* FAT'HATAINJ&D0 ZABARKASRATAIN*gjgDO ZER DHAMMATAINjo DO PESH/%/)SUKOONA LETTERTASHDEBD jj JAZMjjjfcg fif J&»WITH A SUKOON IS KNOWN AS SAAKINi'-UU-»A LETTER WITH A TASHDEED IS KNOWN AS MJSHADDADQuestionsName the three Harkatsname them?2. How many tanween are there3. What is a Sakin and Mushaddad?1.,24

.SIFAAT-E-AARIDHAH1.The LETTERS OF MUSTAA'LIYAH' - are sevens *NOTE: These letters in every conditionrecited with a FULL MOUTH ( MUFAKH KHAM )willbe'EXAMPLES OF THE LETTERS OF MUSTAA'LIYAHti.JLiC3 -J * 5.45"#»'J,6.J- p*L li-7BesidestheLETTERS OF MUSTAA'LIYAH,remaining are the LETTERS OF MUSTAFILAH2.NOTE:These letters in every conditionrecited with an EMPTY MOUTH, (MURAQQAQ)thewillbeEXAMPLES OF SOME OF THE LETTERS OF MUSTAFILAH:1.2.9,'Mi25 I

.w5 ss6.From the LETTERS OF MUSTAFILAH, there are threeLETTERSJJ.which are sometimes recited*/*MUFAKH'KHAMMURAQQAQ and sometimes recitedty********************Questionsl.How should the letters of Musta'liyah be read?2, How will the letters of Mustafilah be read?3. Which letters will sometimes be read Mufakh'khaior sometimes Muraqqaq?26

.THE RULES OF ALIF1.Ifbefore AN ALIF there is a MUFAKH'KHAM LETTER,ALIF will also be recited with a FULLthen thatMOUTHbefore AN ALIF there is a MURAQQAQ LETTER,then that ALIF will also be recited with an EMPTYMOUTH2.IfEXAMPLES OF THE SEVEN LETTERS OF MUSTA'LIYAHt4.J&5.Q 4 J,6j ejEXAMPLES OP SOME OF THE LETTERS OF MUSTAFILAH:*W1.2.ETC3.4.i;jjii* Hfc L 5.6.7.ajg V w 4 -c *li*l ti *v«': & c*c27ii

THE RULES OF BOTH THE LAAMS JOF ALLAH1.If before the twoJINTHE NAMEin ALLAH, there is a letterwith a ZABAR (FAT'HA), or a PESH (DHAMMAH), thenboth the2.Jwill be recited MUFAKH-KHAM (FULLMOUTH)If before the twoin ALLAH there is a ZERJ(KASRA), then both thewill be recitedJMURAQ-QAQ (EMPTY MOUTH).EXAMPLES OF THE NAME OF ALLAHLETTER WITH At*J \A.ZABAR - FAT'HAA\jJsgB.PESH - DHAMMAH &\\j \jC.ZER - KASRA,BEFORE IT AjUJll%-&\& ?#\s'i),J#UljjJfil PQuestionsl.When will the alif be read Mufakh'kham?2. Give some examples of the alif when it will beread Mufakh'kham?be read Mufakh'kharrin %&\3. When will the two Jor Muraqqaq?4. How should these examples be read?'Is*'-i3- a -»'."-O4-28

.THE RULES OF RAA JTHE RAACONDITIONS:HAS THREEJRAA MUTAHARRIK: The RAAthree HARKATSA.e.g.Jwill have any of theiijis; feRAA SAAKIN, BEFORE IT A MUTAHARRIK: The RAAwith a JAZM (SUKOON), the letter before it will havea HARKAT.B.e.g.*Lr'-? M*5L-j - RAA SAAKIN, BEFORE IT A SAAKIN, BEFORE THAT AMUTAHARRIK: The RAA with a JAZM, the letter beforeit will have a JAZM, and before that the letter willhave a HARKATC.A.THE RULES OF RAAMUTAHARRIEK.Jthe RAA has a ZABAR or a PESH, the RAA willbe recited WITH A FULL MOUTH.2.If the RAA has a ZER, the RAA will be recitedWITH AN EMPTY MOUTH.1.IfEXAMPLES OF RAAA.ZABARB.PESHC.ZER--JON IT A:FAT 'HA2jJ ijDHAMMAHsjli/iZKASRAH[f;\29'' A'

.B.THE RULES OF RAA SAAKIN JMUTAHARRIEK.BEFORE IT Athe MUTAHARRIEK before the RAA SAAKIN has aFAT 'HA or a DHAMMAH, the RAA will be recited WITH AFULL MOUTH.2. If the MUTAHARRIEK before the RAA SAAKIN has aKASRA, the RAA will be recited WITH AN EMPTY MOUTH1.IfEXAMPLES OF A RAA SAAKIN, BEFORE IT A LETTER WITH A:A.ZABAR - FAT' HAB.PESHC.ZER - KASRAH-DHAMMAH Jj\ gu j ?y\' - \} JlZ &ufcNOTES There are THREE CONDITIONS for this RAA to berecited MURAQQAQ:Before the RAA SAAKIN, the KASRAH should beASLI (ORIGINAL), AND NOT'ARDHI (TEMPORARY).Therefore, if the KASRAH is ARDHI (TEMPORARY) theRAA will be recited WITH A FULL MOUTH.2.1.EXAMPLES OF KASRAH-E-ASLI lEXAMPLES OF KASRAH-E-ARDHI x J j j\&p\2.2. Before the RAA SAAKIN the KASRAH will be in thePRECEDING woratheinNOTandsameword,Therefore, if the KASRAH is in the PRECEDING word,then the RAA WILL NOT be recited MURAQQAQ, but willbe recited MUFAKH'KHAM.EXAMPLES OF KASRAH BEING IN THE SAME WORDfa* & *&*EXAMPLES OF KASRAH BEING IN THE PRECEDING WORD30

.After the RAA SAAKIN, none of the LETTERS OFMUSTA'LIYAH must be found in the same word. If thereis a LETTER OF MUSTA'LIYAH in the same word, the RAAWILL NOT be recited MURAQQAQ, but it will be recitedMUFAKH'KHAM.2.3.EXAMPLES OF THE LETTERS OF MUSTA'LIYAH BEING IN THESAME WORD lwr&ANOTE :1\XeAThese are the only examples in theQuraan-e-Kareem*-:K y-'2. Inthe raa can be recited both,muraqqaq and mufakh'kham. Those Qaris who took intoconsideration both the kasrahs on either side of theRaa, recited it Muraqqaq. And those Qaris who tookinto consideration that the letter of ham.31

.C.THE RULES OF RAA SAAKIN, BEFORE IT A SAAKIN,BEFORE THAT A MDTAHARRIK.the MUTAHARRIK has a FAT 'HA or a DHAMMAH,then the RAA will be recited MUFAKH'KHAM.2,If the MUTAHARRIK has a KASRAH, then the RAAwill be recited MURAQQAQ. THUS, THE RULE IS, that ifbefore the raa saakin, besides the yaa saakin, anyother letter with a saakin appears, and before itthe mutaharrik has a fat 'ha or a dhammah, then theraawill be recited mufakh'kham and ifthemutaharrik has a kasra, then the raa will be recitedmuraqqaq1-IfFAT 'HAe.g\j & QjSi\jOjp* jv2i«DHAMMAHKASRA%;V jQl kfri before the RAA SAAKIN, there is a YAA SAAKINWHETHER THEthen that RAA, UNDER EVERY CONDITIONMUTAHARRIK HAS A FAT'HA, DHAMMAH OR A KASRAH) willbe recited MURAQQAQ ONLY.3.If(4.After RAA, there is only one (1) place in theQURAAN,MJ ?**in Surah Hud inRAHMATULLAHI ALAIH makes IMAALAHofwhich IMAM HAFS*ol*JBecauseIMAALAH, this RAA will be recited MURAQQAQ.32

*THE RULES OF RAA MOSHADDAD.Jthat ofThe rules of RAA MUSHADDAD is the SAME asIf the RAA MUSHADDAD has a FAT 'HARAA MUTAHARRIK.MUFAKH'KHAM.or a DHAMMAH, the RAA will be recitedwillAnd if the RAA MUSHADDAD has a KASRAH, the RAAbe recited MURAQQAQ.e.q.-i' lx' .'**C* iQuestionsl.Name the three conditions of Raa.2. a. What are the rules of Raa Mutaharriek?b.Give examples.3. a. Explain the rules of Raa Saakin before it aMutaharriek.b.Give examples.4. a. Mention the three conditions for the RaaSaakin to be read Muraqqaq?b.And also write the examples in each condition?5. Describe the rule of Raa Saakin, before it aSaakin, and before that a Mutaharriek?6. How will the Raa in the wordbe read?[AjJ -— P r33i?

.THE RULES OF MEEM MUSHADDAD % ANDrM NOON MUSHADDAD JIfthere is a TASHDEED on a MEEMthen the MEEM ande.g.kgiftS*for a NOON jNOON will be recited with GHUNNAH'&# g*& \ p ag'p NOTEi The duration of GHUNNAH is ONE ALIF.THE RULES OF MEEM SAAKIN fMEEM SAAKIN HAS THREE RULES er MEEM SAAKINf\J*S \fthere appears a MEEM,IDGHAAM with GHUNNAH will take place.e a''-*A-'; 'IKHFAAIfafter MEEM SAAKIN\ "{'"-'Vmi '* '-1 2.BAAs'YfM'f lPthere appears the letterIKHFAA will take place,NOTE: This IKHFAA is known a

TAJWEEDFORBEGINNERS TABLEOFCONTENTS Definition,PurposeandBenefitofTajweed 1 2.Major,Minorerrors 2 RulesofIsti'aazhahandBismillah 4 [4.TheArabicalphabet * 8 5.Makhaarij 9 6.TheTeeth 11 1.Sifaat 16 8.Sifaat-Mutadhaaddah; 17 9.Sifaat-GhairMutadhaaddah 22 Termstoknow 24 1.Sifaat-e-Aaridh