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The second objective was to create a tool to help product specialists according to their needs.The goal of our tool was to aid specialists to make easier production-scheduling decisions bybringing together all the information they need into one easily accessible tool. To reach oursecond objective, we created prototypes of our faceplate tool, and then interviewed theproduction specialists and business leaders of each of the eleven businesses within the Lynnplant for feedback as to what they liked about the faceplate and what they thought it was missing.We then finalized the design of the tool by using the interviewing feedback to make the additionsthought necessary.Our third and final project objective was to aid GE Aviation in future development andautomation of our production tool. In order to ensure the continued use of our faceplate as asustainable and standardized tool, automation was necessary but unfortunately out of the scopeof our project. We therefore created a process map and step-by-step recipe book to aid any futureprojects into creating an automated system.ResultsOur three main results were the production planning faceplate tool itself, the process map, whichgive and in depth look at the tool and its components, and the recipe book, which gives step-bystep instructions how and where all the data in the faceplate is to be collected.After the interviewing process, we created the final faceplate design, seen below in Figure 1.Figure 1: Final Design of Our Production Planning FaceplateThe tool starts off by displaying the Ship level part searched for, what engine it is used in, adescription of the part, its cycle, and cost (column 1). It then breaks down into all the Bill ofMaterial parts necessary for that part, what type of BOM part it is, the quantity per engine, howmuch on hand raw material GE has on hand, the material in WIP, and the unit cost of each BOMxi

part. The next section of the tool is the Schedule/ Promise production planning levels for the shiplevel part and its components. The schedule section is the number of parts GE plans tomanufacture for the week. The promise schedule takes into account demand and is what GE hastold its customers it will ship out for that week. The last section is the Need/Action block. Thisgives the production specialist a quick glance, according to the given data what actions they needto take, such as “order more of part X from vendor Y”.Conclusions and RecommendationsThe production planning tool has the potential to greatly improve the efficiency of production atGE Aviation in Lynn. By creating a faceplate tool for business leaders and productionsspecialists where all necessary information can be accessed, all confusion between managementsgoals for production and the complexity of data and how to get the data needed to meet thesegoals can be eliminated.For future sustainability, we have also recommended improvements that can be made to thefaceplate as well as the business to continue to develop GE Aviation in Lynn. For thedevelopment of the faceplate, we suggested adding a filter to the database that sorts partsaccording to the business unit for quick reference for each business unit’s production specialist.We also suggest adding a column for vendor code for each BOM part. This would make it easyfor the reordering of parts because vendor information would already be visible. We also suggestin addition to the WIP column, to add a “nonconforming (NC) parts” column that gives theamount of nonconforming parts in WIP throughout the factory. Currently, there is no easy way toaccess this information and it is important to know if 90% of what you think is WIP you can usein the week’s production is actually unusable. Our last suggested for the development of thefaceplate is to sort BOM parts by level of need action, instead of numerical/alphabetical.In addition to recommendations for the faceplate, we have made suggestions for furtherimprovements of production not relating to the faceplate. We suggested implementing aContinuous Improvements Manager within the plant to be in charge of Lean Six Sigma practices,and sustaining 5S initiatives to keep the plant as safe as possible. After learning about the currentproblems the Lynn plant has with nonconforming parts, we recommended a Red Tag System thatwill store nonconforming parts both electronic as well as designating a place within the plant tohold the parts. This will give the faceplate an easy place to access information on nonconformingparts and keep the parts from cluttering the work stations throughout the plant. Finally, wexii

suggest the evaluation of vendors in order to reduce the number of vendors when necessary andadd vendors to other areas if also necessary. By implementing the production planning faceplatetool, and taking into consideration our suggestions for further growth, GE Aviation’s productionspecialists will be able to greatly improve the yearly inventory turnover ratio, and meetproduction cost goals.xiii

Chapter 1: Introduction into Inventory ManagementInventory is the total amount of goods a business has on hand at a given time. It is an imperativeasset that keeps that business running smoothly in many ways. First, inventory helps thecompany meet demand. Customers want products in the shortest amount of time available, andcompanies often satisfy this demand by keeping final goods inventory on hand.1 Though this isgood customer satisfaction, if too much final goods inventory is kept they can become outdatedand therefore never sell. Businesses within industries where the demand is erratic must play abalancing act to get the amount of inventory at the needed levels. Inventory is also important tokeep operations running smoothly. In manufacturing, a substantial amount of raw materialinventory must be available to ensure production stays on time. In many instances, companiesalso opt to keep inventory between processes within the manufacturing of a product atdecoupling points in order to reduce lead times and reduces the dependency of operations withinthe plant. This type of inventory is known as WIP, which stands for work in progress. Though itis good to have a designated amount of WIP in between some processes, the unsanctionedbuildup of WIP can be an indicator of a production flaw such as a bottleneck. Inventory alsohelps to reduce the lead-time of placing an order, to when the product reaches the customer; thelonger the lead-time, the more inventory a firm must keep on hand. Next, inventory can be usedas a buffer for hedging, a customer buying in bulk for a number of reasons, and for when thecompany decides to buy raw materials in bulk at a discounted price. For both these instances, themoney the firm will gain (hedging) or save (buying raw materials in bulk) is greater than the costof holding excess inventory.2 Yet despite all this, inventory also represents cash that is tied upand unavailable to the company as well as costs in storage and taxes, and excess inventory can beholding up millions of a company’s money. Therefore the company must control and manage itsinventory levels at the optimal level.GE Aviation is one of the three businesses that make up the Technology Infrastructure branch ofGE, along with healthcare and transportation.3 Within GE Aviation, there are 7 worldwideplants. The plant at Lynn, MA is then broken up into 11 business units. Due to the nature andcost of the product GE Aviation in Lynn produces, any amount of inventory can cause the plant1Encyclopedia, Reference For Business. (2011). Inventory ManagementIbid.3General Electric. (2011). GE Aviation Factsheet.21

to not meet its goals for production and profit. It is the 11 business units in Lynn (explained indetail in Chapter 2) that this project aims to aid in improving production, and reducing turnoverratios, cycle times and inventory levels.2

Chapter 2: Background2.1 What is Inventory Management?Inventory Management, also called Inventory control, is a company’s efforts to comprehend theminimal cost and levels of inventory held in which they can still meet demand. Many balancingacts must be constantly addressed and monitored within inventory management. For companiessuch as GE Aviation, thousands of parts’ inventory levels must be maintained, but depending onhow often the part is used these inventory levels differ. A tool many firms use to gauge theirproficiency at allotting inventory levels is the inventory turnover ratio.4 The inventory turnoverratio is equal to sales divided by inventory and it represents the amount of times inventory is soldand replaced over a given period of time.5 While many companies strive to reduce inventoryturnover ratios, they must not sacrifice service and lead times in order to do so. Not enoughinventory results in back ordering, while too much inventory can result in getting caught withobsolete goods and large expenses.6One of the most important aspects to inventory management is purchase planning and rawmaterial management. The first decision within this is deciding how long the inventory will last.Depending on the raw material and the type of inventory management system the companyoperates within (methods discussed later), purchase planning can be done on a number ofdifferent scales; weekly, biweekly, monthly, tri-monthly, etc. For industries with fluctuatingdemand, planning and material ordering must be done much more rapidly. The next decision ofchoosing the level of inventory per order will depend on how often a company receives materialshipments.7 The level of raw material inventory must be adequate to meet the production plan,while accounting for WIP already in the process as well as the potential WIP, defects and/orproduction holdups that may occur.Over the years inventory management has made many strides, and today there are many differentmethods to managing a company’s inventory, such as MRP or JIT. Because demand, product and4Hedrick, F. D. (2010). Inventory Management.Investopedia. (2011). Investopedia‐ Inventory Turnover Definition.6Hedrick, F. D. (2010). Inventory Management.7Ibid.53

type differ so much industry-to-industry, a method that is best for one company to reduceinventory while increasing service may not be ideal for another company in a different industry.While each system’s methods on reaching optimal inventory levels differ, they are all built uponthe foundation of constant inventory monitoring and improving, as well as the recording andanalysis of past inventory levels compared to business success and units produced/ shipped.2.1.1 Bill of Materials (BOM) ‐ The Foundation of Inventory/Production ManagementOne if the most important and fundamental tools to a successful inventory management system isthe bill of materials. In manufacturing, the bill of materials details the design and structure of afinished product.8 Like a recipe for the product, a BOM (bill of materials) lists each part and thequantity of that part needed to complete the final product, and within each part listed, a BOMmay include smaller, subcomponents of that part. In many cases, the BOM

Inventory Management . An important facet of GE’s inventory management system is production planning. This involves meeting weekly demand and gauging how much . make production decisions. By combining cost, business type, WIP levels, and scheduling information for ship level parts