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CK-12 Chemistry WorkbookCK-12 FoundationFebruary 13, 2010

CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbookmaterials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, webbased collaborative model termed the “FlexBook,” CK-12 intends to pioneer the generationand distribution of high quality educational content that will serve both as core text as wellas provide an adaptive environment for learning.Copyright 2009 CK-12 FoundationThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United StatesLicense. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, SanFrancisco, California, 94105, USA.

Contents1 The Science of Chemistry Worksheets111.1Lesson 1.1 The Scientific Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111.2Lesson 1.2 Chemistry in History111.3Lesson 1.3 Chemistry is a Science of Materials1.41.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Lesson 1.4 Matter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Lesson 1.5 Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Chemistry - A Physical Science Worksheets152.1Lesson 2.1 Measurements in Chemistry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152.2Lesson 2.2 Using Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152.3Lesson 2.3 Using Mathematics in Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262.4Lesson 2.4 Using Algebra in Chemistry30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Chemistry in the Laboratory Worksheets313.1Lesson 3.1 Making Observations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313.2Lesson 3.2 Making Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313.3Lesson 3.3 Using Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313.4Lesson 3.4 How Scientists Use Data31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 The Atomic Theory Worksheets334.1Lesson 4.1 Early Development of a Theory4.2Lesson 4.2 Further Understanding of the Atom3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3333www.ck12.org

4.3Lesson 4.3 Atomic Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 The Bohr Model of the Atom Worksheets33355.1Lesson 5.1 The Wave Form of Light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355.2Lesson 5.2 The Dual Nature of Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355.3Lesson 5.3 Light and the Atomic Spectra. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355.4Lesson 5.4 The Bohr Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356 Quantum Mechanics Model of the Atom Worksheets376.1Lesson 6.1 The Wave-Particle Duality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.2Lesson 6.2 Schrodinger’s Wave Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376.3Lesson 6.3 Heisenberg’s Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376.4Lesson 6.4 Quantum Numbers376.5Lesson 6.5 Shapes of Atomic Orbitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Electron Configurations for Atoms Worksheets7.1Lesson 7.1 The Electron Spin Quantum Number7.2Lesson 7.2 Pauli Exclusion373845. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467.3Lesson 7.3 Aufbau Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467.4Lesson 7.4 Writing Electron Configurations46. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table Worksheets518.1Lesson 8.1 Electron Configurations of Main Group Elements . . . . . . . . .518.2Lesson 8.2 Orbital Configurations518.3Lesson 8.3 The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Relationships Between the Elements Worksheets51559.1Lesson 9.1 Families on the Periodic Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559.2Lesson 9.2 Electron Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559.3Lesson 9.3 Lewis Electron Dot Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559.4Lesson 9.4 Chemical Family Members Have Similar Properties . . . . . . . .57www.ck12.org4

9.5Lesson 9.5 Transition Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .579.6Lesson 9.6 Lanthanide and Actinide Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5710 Trends on the Periodic Table Worksheets5910.1 Lesson 10.1 Atomic Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5910.2 Lesson 10.2 Ionization Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5910.3 Lesson 10.3 Electron Affinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5911 Ions and the Compounds They Form Worksheets6111.1 Lesson 11.1 The Formation of Ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6111.2 Lesson 11.2 Ionic Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6411.3 Lesson 11.3 Properties of Ionic Compounds64. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Writing and Naming Ionic Formulas Worksheets6512.1 Lesson 12.1 Predicting Formulas of Ionic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . .6512.2 Lesson 12.2 Inorganic Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6613 Covalent Bonding Worksheets6713.1 Lesson 13.1 The Covalent Bond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6713.2 Lesson 13.2 Atoms that Form Covalent Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6713.3 Lesson 13.3 Naming Covalent Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6714 Molecular Architecture Worksheets6914.1 Lesson 14.1 Types of Bonds that Form Between Atoms . . . . . . . . . . . .6914.2 Lesson 14.2 The Covalent Molecules of Family 2A-8A. . . . . . . . . . . .6914.3 Lesson 14.3 Resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6914.4 Lesson 14.4 Electronic and Molecular Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6914.5 Lesson 14.5 Molecular Polarity70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 The Mathematics of Compounds Worksheets8915.1 Lesson 15.1 Determining Formula and Molecular Mass . . . . . . . . . . . .589www.ck12.org

15.2 Lesson 15.2 The Mole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9015.3 Lesson 15.3 Percent Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9215.4 Lesson 15.4 Empirical and Molecular Formulas94. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Chemical Reactions Worksheets16.1 Lesson 16.1 Chemical Equations99. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9916.2 Lesson 16.2 Balancing Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9916.3 Lesson 16.3 Types of Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10017 Mathematics and Chemical Equations Worksheets10517.1 Lesson 17.1 The Mole Concept and Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10517.2 Lesson 17.2 Mass-Mass Calculations17.3 Lesson 17.3 Limiting Reactant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10817.4 Lesson 17.4 Percent Yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11017.5 Lesson 17.5 Energy Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11118 The Kinetic Molecular Theory Worksheets11318.1 Lesson 18.1 The Three States of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11318.2 Lesson 18.2 Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11318.3 Lesson 18.3 Gases and Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11318.4 Lesson 18.4 Gas Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11318.5 Lesson 18.5 Universal Gas Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11718.6 Lesson 18.6 Molar Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11718.7 Lesson 18.7 Stoichiometry Involving Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11719 The Liquid State Worksheets11919.1 Lesson 19.1 The Properties of Liquids19.2 Lesson 19.2 Forces of Attraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11919.3 Lesson 19.3 Vapor Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11919.4 Lesson 19.4 Boiling Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11919.5 Lesson 19.5 Heat of Vaporization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119www.ck12.org6

20 The Solid State Worksheets-HSC12120.1 Lesson 20.1 The Molecular Arrangement in Solids Controls Solid Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12120.2 Lesson 20.2 Melting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12120.3 Lesson 20.3 Types of Forces of Attraction for Solids20.4 Lesson 20.4 Phase Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . 130. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13021 The Solution Process Worksheets13121.1 Lesson 21.1 The Solution Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13121.2 Lesson 21.2 Why Solutions Occur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13121.3 Lesson 21.3 Solution Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13121.4 Lesson 21.4 Measuring Concentration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13121.5 Lesson 21.5 Solubility Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13521.6 Lesson 21.6 Factors Affecting Solubility21.7 Lesson 21.7 Colligative Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13621.8 Lesson 21.8 Colloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14121.9 Lesson 21.9 Separating Mixtures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14122 Ions in Solution Worksheets14322.1 Lesson 22.1 Ions in Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14322.2 Lesson 22.2 Covalent Compounds in Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14322.3 Lesson 22.3 Reactions Between Ions in Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14323 Chemical Kinetics Worksheets14523.1 Lesson 23.1 Rate of Reactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14523.2 Lesson 23.2 Collision Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14523.3 Lesson 23.3 Potential Energy Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14523.4 Lesson 23.4 Factors That Affect Reaction Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14823.5 Lesson 23.5 Reaction Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14824 Chemical Equilibrium Worksheets1497www.ck12.org