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2011ASHRAE HANDBOOKHVAC ApplicationsSI Edition-- , ,, ,,, ,,, , ,, - - ,, ,, , ,, ---Copyright ASHRAEProvided by IHS under license with ASHRAENo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSSupported by ASHRAE ResearchLicensee AECOM User Geography and Business Line/5906698001, User Irlandez, JendlNot for Resale, 10/17/2011 14:59:38 MDT

The four-volume ASHRAE Handbook is a reference for engineers working in HVAC&R and for professionals in allied fields. The print edition isrevised on a four-year cycle, with one volume published each year. Tables of contents for the four most recent volumes appear on these pages, and acomposite index is at the end of this volume. In addition to the CD-ROM accompanying this book, ASHRAE offers subscriptions to ASHRAE Handbook Online containing all four volumes in searchable format. The Society also produces educational materials, standards, design guides, databases,and many other useful publications. See the online bookstore of the ASHRAE Web site (www.ashrae.org) for information on these publications.2011 HVAC APPLICATIONSCOMFORT 3.ResidencesRetail FacilitiesCommercial and Public BuildingsTall BuildingsPlaces of AssemblyHotels, Motels, and DormitoriesEducational FacilitiesHealth-Care FacilitiesJustice FacilitiesAutomobilesMass TransitAircraftShipsINDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONSChapter .31.32.Industrial Air ConditioningEnclosed Vehicular FacilitiesLaboratoriesEngine Test FacilitiesClean SpacesData Processing and Telecommunication FacilitiesPrinting PlantsTextile Processing PlantsPhotographic Material FacilitiesMuseums, Galleries, Archives, and LibrariesEnvironmental Control for Animals and PlantsDrying and Storing Selected Farm CropsAir Conditioning of Wood and Paper ProductFacilitiesPower PlantsNuclear FacilitiesMine Air Conditioning and VentilationIndustrial DryingVentilation of the Industrial EnvironmentIndustrial Local ExhaustKitchen VentilationENERGY-RELATED APPLICATIONSChapter 34.35.Geothermal EnergySolar Energy UseBUILDING OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENTChapter 36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.Energy Use and ManagementOwning and Operating CostsTesting, Adjusting, and BalancingOperation and Maintenance ManagementComputer ApplicationsBuilding Energy MonitoringSupervisory Control Strategies and OptimizationHVAC CommissioningGENERAL APPLICATIONSChapter .61.Building EnvelopesBuilding Air Intake and Exhaust DesignControl of Gaseous Indoor Air ContaminantsDesign and Application of ControlsNoise and Vibration ControlWater TreatmentService Water HeatingSnow Melting and Freeze ProtectionEvaporative CoolingFire and Smoke ManagementRadiant Heating and CoolingSeismic- and Wind-Resistant DesignElectrical ConsiderationsRoom Air DistributionIntegrated Building DesignHVAC SecurityUltraviolet Air and Surface TreatmentCodes and Standards2010 REFRIGERATIONChapter1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Halocarbon Refrigeration SystemsAmmonia Refrigeration SystemsCarbon Dioxide Refrigeration SystemsLiquid Overfeed SystemsComponent Balancing in Refrigeration SystemsRefrigerant System ChemistryControl of Moisture and Other Contaminants inRefrigerant SystemsEquipment and System Dehydrating, Charging, andTestingRefrigerant Containment, Recovery, Recycling, andReclamationCOMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTChapter 10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.Insulation Systems for Refrigerant Piping (TC 10.3)Refrigerant-Control DevicesLubricants in Refrigerant SystemsSecondary Coolants in Refrigeration SystemsForced-Circulation Air CoolersRetail Food Store Refrigeration and EquipmentFood Service and General Commercial Refrigeration EquipmentHousehold Refrigerators and FreezersAbsorption EquipmentFOOD COOLING AND STORAGEChapter 19.20.21.22.23.24.Thermal Properties of FoodsCooling and Freezing Times of FoodsCommodity Storage RequirementsFood Microbiology and RefrigerationRefrigerated-Facility DesignRefrigerated-Facility LoadsREFRIGERATED TRANSPORTChapter 25.Cargo Containers, Rail Cars, Trailers, and TrucksCopyright ASHRAEProvided by IHS under license with ASHRAENo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS26.27.Marine RefrigerationAir TransportFOOD, BEVERAGE, AND FLORAL APPLICATIONSChapter ds of Precooling Fruits, Vegetables, and CutFlowersIndustrial Food-Freezing SystemsMeat ProductsPoultry ProductsFishery ProductsDairy ProductsEggs and Egg ProductsDeciduous Tree and Vine FruitCitrus Fruit, Bananas, and Subtropical FruitVegetablesFruit Juice Concentrates and Chilled Juice ProductsBeveragesProcessed, Precooked, and Prepared FoodsBakery ProductsChocolates, Candies, Nuts, Dried Fruits, and DriedVegetablesINDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONSChapter 43.44.45.46.Ice ManufactureIce RinksConcrete Dams and Subsurface SoilsRefrigeration in the Chemical IndustryLOW-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONSChapter 47.48.49.CryogenicsUltralow-Temperature RefrigerationBiomedical Applications of Cryogenic RefrigerationGENERALChapter 50.51.Terminology of RefrigerationCodes and StandardsLicensee AECOM User Geography and Business Line/5906698001, User Irlandez, JendlNot for Resale, 10/17/2011 14:59:38 MDT-- , ,, ,,, ,,, , ,, - - ,, ,, , ,, ---SYSTEMS AND PRACTICES

CD-ROM with all content from 2011 HVAC Applications inside back cover2009 rometricsThermodynamics and Refrigeration CyclesFluid FlowHeat TransferTwo-Phase FlowMass TransferFundamentals of ControlSound and VibrationINDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYChapter9.10.11.12.13.Thermal ComfortIndoor Environmental HealthAir ContaminantsOdorsIndoor Environmental ModelingLOAD AND ENERGY CALCULATIONSChapter 14.15.16.17.18.19.Climatic Design InformationFenestrationVentilation and InfiltrationResidential Cooling and Heating Load CalculationsNonresidential Cooling and Heating LoadCalculationsEnergy Estimating and Modeling MethodsHVAC DESIGNChapter 20.Space Air Diffusion21.22.23.24.Duct DesignPipe SizingInsulation for Mechanical SystemsAirflow Around BuildingsBUILDING ENVELOPEChapter 25.26.27.Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in BuildingAssemblies—FundamentalsHeat, Air, and Moisture Control in BuildingAssemblies—Material PropertiesHeat, Air, and Moisture Control in BuildingAssemblies—ExamplesMATERIALSChapter 28.29.30.31.32.33.Combustion and FuelsRefrigerantsThermophysical Properties of RefrigerantsPhysical Properties of Secondary Coolants (Brines)Sorbents and DesiccantsPhysical Properties of MaterialsGENERALChapter 34.35.36.37.38.39.Energy ResourcesSustainabilityMeasurement and InstrumentsAbbreviations and SymbolsUnits and ConversionsCodes and Standards2008 HVAC SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENTAIR-CONDITIONING AND HEATING SYSTEMSHEATING EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTSChapterChapter 30.31.32.33.34.35.36.HVAC System Analysis and SelectionDecentralized Cooling and HeatingCentral Heating and CoolingAir Handling and DistributionIn-Room Terminal SystemsPanel Heating and CoolingCombined Heat and Power SystemsApplied Heat Pump and Heat Recovery SystemsSmall Forced-Air Heating and Cooling SystemsSteam SystemsDistrict Heating and CoolingHydronic Heating and CoolingCondenser Water SystemsMedium- and High-Temperature Water HeatingInfrared Radiant HeatingUltraviolet Lamp SystemsCombustion Turbine Inlet CoolingAIR-HANDLING EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTSChapter 18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.Duct ConstructionRoom Air Distribution EquipmentFansHumidifiersAir-Cooling and Dehumidifying CoilsDesiccant Dehumidification and Pressure-DryingEquipmentMechanical Dehumidifiers and Related ComponentsAir-to-Air Energy Recovery EquipmentAir-Heating CoilsUnit Ventilators, Unit Heaters, and Makeup AirUnitsAir Cleaners for Particulate ContaminantsIndustrial Gas Cleaning and Air Pollution ControlEquipmentCopyright ASHRAEProvided by IHS under license with ASHRAENo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSAutomatic Fuel-Burning SystemsBoilersFurnacesResidential In-Space Heating EquipmentChimney, Vent, and Fireplace SystemsHydronic Heat-Distributing Units and RadiatorsSolar Energy EquipmentCOOLING EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTSChapter 37.38.39.40.41.42.CompressorsCondensersCooling TowersEvaporative Air-Cooling EquipmentLiquid CoolersLiquid-Chilling SystemsGENERAL COMPONENTSChapter 43.44.45.46.47.Centrifugal PumpsMotors, Motor Controls, and Variable-Speed DrivesPipes, Tubes, and FittingsValvesHeat ExchangersPACKAGED, UNITARY, AND SPLIT-SYSTEMEQUIPMENTChapter 48.49.Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat PumpsRoom Air Conditioners and Packaged Terminal AirConditionersGENERALChapter 50.51.Thermal StorageCodes and StandardsLicensee AECOM User Geography and Business Line/5906698001, User Irlandez, JendlNot for Resale, 10/17/2011 14:59:38 MDT-- , ,, ,,, ,,, , ,, - - ,, ,, , ,, ---1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.

2011 ASHRAE HANDBOOKHeating, Ventilating,andAir-ConditioningAPPLICATIONSSI EditionAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329(404) 636-8400http://www.ashrae.org-- , ,, ,,, ,,, , ,, - - ,, ,, , ,, ---Copyright ASHRAEProvided by IHS under license with ASHRAENo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSLicensee AECOM User Geography and Business Line/5906698001, User Irlandez, JendlNot for Resale, 10/17/2011 14:59:38 MDT

2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved.DEDICATED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OFTHE PROFESSION AND ITS ALLIED INDUSTRIES-- , ,, ,,, ,,, , ,, - - ,, ,, , ,, ---No part of this book may be reproduced without permission in writing from ASHRAE,except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages or reproduce illustrations in a reviewwith appropriate credit; nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, photocopying, recording,or other—without permission in writing from ASHRAE.Volunteer members of ASHRAE Technical Committees and others compiled the information in this handbook, and it is generally reviewed and updated every four years. Comments, criticisms, and suggestions regarding the subject matter are invited. Any errors oromissions in the data should be brought to the attention of the Editor. Additions and corrections to Handbook volumes in print will be published in the Handbook published the yearfollowing their verification and, as soon as verified, on the ASHRAE Internet Web site.DISCLAIMERASHRAE has compiled this publication with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated,and ASHRAE expressly disclaims any duty to investigate, any product, service, process,procedure, design, or the like that may be described herein. The appearance of any technicaldata or editorial material in this publication does not constitute endorsement, warranty, orguaranty by ASHRAE of any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like.ASHRAE does not warrant that the information in this publication is free of errors. Theentire risk of the use of any information in this publication is assumed by the user.ISBN 978-1-936504-07-7ISSN 1078-6082The paper for this book was manufactured in an acid- andelemental-chlorine-free process with pulp obtained from sourcesusing sustainable forestry practices. The printing used soy-based inks.Copyright ASHRAEProvided by IHS under license with ASHRAENo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSLicensee AECOM User Geography and Business Line/5906698001, User Irlandez, JendlNot for Resale, 10/17/2011 14:59:38 MDT