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International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 120 No. 6 2018, 11543-11554ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/Special Issuehttp://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/IoT based Prisoner Escape Alert andPrevention systemDr.J.Cynthia1 , C.Bharathi Priya2 ,Dr. Nageswara Guptha M31,3Professor,2Assistant Professor1,2,3Department of Computer Science1,2Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore3Sri Venkateshwara College of athipriya.cs@gmail.com3mnguptha@yahoo.comJuly 31, 2018AbstractAt present, the prison has the surveillance camera andfew security guards are employed to monitor the illegalmovement of prisoners approaching near perimeter wall withthe intention to escape from prison. These approaches wereeasily botched by prisoners to deviate the officials to moveaway from their positions. Prisoners makes use of this opportunity to flee away from prison. To control this undesirable situation, techniques like implanting pressure sensors inthe perimeter wall,CCTV surveillance with image processing based solutions, Drones etc are available. Deploymentof these techniques incurs high cost, does not give exact location of the prisoner. Hence, IoT based prisoner escapedetection technique has been proposed in this work. In thiswork, two approaches were discussed: i) Light source based111543

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematicsapproach-Deploying laser and GSM module to detect intrusion near the perimeter wall, ii)Geofencing based approachEach prisoner would be having a wearable, non-detachablecomponent which has GPS, GSM and microcontroller. Prisons perimeter wall coordinates are geo fenced and any attempt to reach the perimeter wall would alert the prisonofficials through repeated phone calls and alert systems willbe activated. Even if the prisoner is away from prison, hisphysical location can be tracked using latitude and longitude information. Main challenge in deploying this moduleis battery life. Since the device is retrieving the latitudeand longitude information quite often, battery power wouldbe drained. Therefore, power to the wearable device canbe derived through solar energy, kinetic movements wireless charging etc.Key Words:Geo fencing, Sensors, Battery power.1IntroductionIn day todays life, monitoring the prisoners in prison environment,tracking the movement of patients with mental illness, patients inhospital etc ., needs assistive technology to replace the securityguard work and prevent prisoner from escaping from prison. Inthis work, escape detection in prison environment is detected usingGeofencing with IOT based solution. As the security officials wereeasily botched by prisoners by means of deviating the officials tomove away from their positions, it is again considered as additionaloffense to during his/her imprisonmentInternet of Things (IOT) is an enabling technology to connectdifferent physical objects/sensors which monitor the environment.It allows the sensors to exchange the information with other sensorsand allows to act accordingly.Virtual fence/Barrier is created based on set of coordinates ongeographical area which are mapped through GPS or WPS. Geofencing [1] enables remote monitoring of prisoners surrounded byvirtual fence. If a prisoner tries to leave the pre-established geofencearea, Geofencing triggers the appropriate action and immediatelyprison officials will be notified by Call/SMS through GSM module.Many Geofencing applications incorporate Google Earth or Google211544Special Issue

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsMaps to allow the administrators to define the boundaries to setup the virtual fence. Geofencing action triggers can be categorizedinto three types: static, dynamic and peer to peer.Geofencing can be deployed for real time location tracking ofprisons during different situations: Track a prisoner during parolee Allow prisoners to carry out their job with in a defined geofence Geofencing home area to monitor and notify the police officials ifthe offender leaves home without obtaining authorized permission(from judge) Detection of speeding situation except driving To detect if the offenders enters in forbidden regions.Geofencing can be implemented using following technology: Beacons,RFID, GPS.Each of the technology is described in sectionII.Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) werestudied for each model with respect to prison environment and tabulated below:This paper is organized into 6 sections. Section I discusses theconcept of Geofencing, Section II describes the technology for implementing Geofencing and SWOT analysis is done for each technology. Section III, reviews existing system for the given problemstatement. Proposed system and experiment results are discussedin Section IV and Section V discusses the experimental results ofboth approaches.Section VI, gives theTable 1 SWOT for Beaconsummary of the implemented system and scope for future work.sectionTechnology for implementing Geo fencing Beacons Beacons311545Special Issue

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematicsemploy Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)[2] wireless technology in location marketing. This device can transfer small amount of dataand ranges up to 50 meters. Beacons broadcasts their unique identification number, (UID) ,2 8 bit integers referred as major andminor numbers. This technology is suitable for indoor location applications ,although it can be used for outdoor environments.Normally, Beacons interact with smart phones/ mobile devices,mostly relies on mobile apps. Following are theTable 2 SWOT for RFID Technologyprivacy concerns with Beacons. Since the beacon ID is been broadcasted, it can bespoofed. Thus, additional security measure needto be incorporated. Beacons for person tracking, with the help oftrilateration process, a beacon can help an app to find how far aperson is.Advantages of Beacons: simple, small in size, cheap, deliversmall amounts of data using low power, hencebattery life time ismaximized. This technology is more suitable for contextual engagement. Some of the limitations of Beacons are i)need apps formessage reception and processing. This application is suitable forspecific application marketing.RFID TechnologyRFID technology has RFID tag(transponder), processing unit andRFID reader(Receiver) .Tags are equipped with chips and antennato send and receive signal. This chip would be mounted on wristband and reader are implanted in the perimeter wall.Global Positioning System(GPS)GPS [12] , is a wide area positioning system where satellite transmits its latitude and longitude information to the GPS enableddevice .GPS can be deployed for all the prisoners and it works wellfor outdoor environment. GPS signals does not lock in the indoorenvironments and limited battery power .411546Special Issue

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsTable 3 SWOT for Global Positioning System2Literature ReviewBhal et al[7], have proposed a RADAR solution ,RF based personlocation tracking system ,which uses the received signal strength totriangulate the users spatial coordinates .They have constructed atest bed with three base stations B1,B2 and B3 and mobile host.Each mobile host and Base station is equipped with Digital Roam,Network Interface Card (NIC), based on Lucents popular WaveLANRF LAN technology. Range of this network is 200m for open space,50 m for semi opened environment and 25m for closed environment.It is proven that RADAR based model outperforms with strongestbase station method.RFID based detection has been proposed in [8],RFID chipsare implanted in wrist bands .Through this technology, individualscould be tracked and exact count of inmates can be determined.Monitoring prisoners in prison environment based on RF transmitter and receiver technology ,uses UHF(Ultra High Frequency).Prisoner will be having RF transmitter which is mounted on wearable wrist band and RF receiver works on server side. RF signals can penetrate thru obstacles and more reliable than InfraRedTransmission(IR)[6].If the prisoner tries to move out from prisonenvironment, frequency range would break out and server wouldgenerate the alarm and message would be sent to the concernedauthority.Wireless Local Positioning System(WPLS)[10] for indoor environment was proposed by Zekavat et al, to locate passengers, employees and security guards inside airport.Positioning System is ofthree types: Local Positioning System and Global Positioning System(GPS). Local Positioning System can be classified as Self Po511547Special Issue

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematicssitioning System and Remote Positioning System. Self-PositioningSystem is to locate the nodes position by itself, where as RemotePositioning System is to locate other static/mobile nodes in an environment based on its position. It consists of two main components:Dynamic Base station to send and receive signals from passengersand other employees and Transponder(TRX), that is embedded onboarding pass/wrist bands to send/receive signals. In this method,Base Station can locate all TRX through multihop localizationRFID, or Radio Frequency Identification[3], is a technology whereinformation stored on an integrated circuit, or chip, can be read remotely, without physical contact using energy in the RF spectrum.An RFID system consists of a reader, or interrogator, which emitsan RF signal via an antenna. The chip receives the energy via anattached antenna (termed an RFID tag) and modulates the RFsignal in order to respond through its antenna so that informationcan be transferred to the reader.3Proposed SystemPrisoner escape detection is implemented using two different IOTbased approach. First approach, Light source based approach usingLaser and LDR sensor . Second approach is based on Geo-fencingusing GPS, GSM technology.3.1Light Source based approachIn this set up, prison perimeter wall can be divided into severalzones and each zone is embedded with a Laser module on one sideand opposite wall would have LDR to detect the laser beam. Ifthe prisoner attempts to approach the wall, laser beam would beinterrupted, which raises an alert by sending signal to siren andsends short messages to officials. Figure 1 , illustrates the circuitconnection for interfacing Laser sensor , LDR with Arduino Unoboard to process the signals sent by the light source module andenables alert system(Siren/Buzzer).611548Special Issue

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsFigure 1. Arduino with Laser BeamFigure 2 Laser Module diagramThis approach can be enhanced by integrating light source modulewith RFID technology. It is assumed that each prisoner would bewearing a RFID tag for several reasons like in-house purchasing,billing, wage calculation etc. RFID reads the tag information andnotifies the officials about the prisoner who attempts to flee awayfrom prison. Through this alert system, prisoner can be preventedfrom escaping from the prison.3.2Geofencing Using GPS:It is assumed that every prisoner would be wearing a GPS, GSM(GlobalSystem for Mobile Communications) and processor to process anddetermine the signals sent by GPS. Geofencing uses spatial information obtained from GPS and determine whether the user is insideor outside the perimeter. Two level of fence can be created andif any attempt to migrate from one perimeter wall to other wall,signal would be sent to GSM module. GSM would send call /smsalert to the concerned officials.711549Special Issue