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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 5, May-2013ISSN 2229-5518o Trojan Attacko Forgeryo Financial crimeso Internet time thefto Virus/worm attacko E-mail spoofingo Email bombingo Salami attacko Web Jackingchanges of 2004 was the waning influence of the boyhackers keen to make a name by writing a fast-spreadingvirus. Although teenage virus writers will still play aroundwith malicious code, 2004 saw a significant rise in criminaluse of malicious programs. The financial incentives weredriving criminal use of technology.Cyber law and TerrorismCyber crime and cyber terrorism are both crimes ofthe cyber world. The difference between the two however iswith regard to the motive and the intention of theperpetrator.While a cyber crime can be described simply as anunlawful act wherein the computer is either a tool or atarget or both, cyber terrorism deserves a more detaileddefinition. One can define cyber terrorism as apremeditated use of disruptive activities or the threatthereof, in cyber space, with the intention to further social,ideological, religious, political or similar objectives, or tointimidate any person in furtherance of such objectives.Cyber offenders:791Another reason for the increase in number of teenageoffenders in cyber crimes are that many of the offenderswho are mainly young college students are unaware of itsseriousness. Recently the Chennai city police have arrestedan engineering college student from Tamil Nadu forsending unsolicited message to a chartered accountant. Theboy is now released on bail. So counseling session forcollege students has to be launched to educate them on thegravity and consequences emanating from such crimes.In September, 2005, A Massachusetts teenager pleadedguilty in federal court in Boston for a string of hackingcrimes reported to include the February compromise ofonline information broker Lexis Nexis and socialite ParisHilton's T-Mobile cellular phone account. The US Courtnoted that the number of teenage hackers is on the rise andonly the lowest 1 percent of hackers is caught.IJSERAny person who commits an illegal act with a guiltyintention or commits a crime is called an offender or acriminal. In this context, any person who commits a CyberCrime is known as a Cyber Criminal. The Cyber Criminalsmay be children and adolescents aged b/w 6-18 years, theymay be organized hackers, may be professional hackers orcrackers, discontented employees, cheaters or even psychicpersons.a. Kids & Teenagers (age group 9-16 etc.): This is reallydifficult to believe but it is true. Most amateur hackers andcyber criminals are teenagers. To them, who have justbegun to understand what appears to be a lot aboutcomputers, it is a matter of pride to have hacked into acomputer system or a website. There is also that little issueof appearing really smart among friends. These youngrebels may also commit cyber crimes without reallyknowing that they are doing anything wrong.According to the BBC , Teen hackers have gone fromsimply trying to make a name for them selves to actuallyworking their way into a life of crime from the computerangle. According to Kevin Hogan , One of the biggestIn the above instance, the judge imposed a sentence of11 months' detention in a juvenile facility. If he had been anadult, he would have faced charges of three counts ofmaking bomb threats against a person or property, threecounts of causing damage to a protected computer system,two counts of wire fraud, one count of aggravated identitytheft and one count of obtaining information from aprotected computer in furtherance of a criminal act. This isclearly a deviation from the traditional principles ofcriminal law.b. Organized hacktivists : Hacktivists are hackers with aparticular (mostly political) motive. In other cases thisreason can be social activism, religious activism, etc. Theattacks on approximately 200 prominent Indian websites bya group of hackers known as Pakistani Cyber Warriors area good example of political hacktivists at work.c. Disgruntled employees: One can hardly believe howspiteful displeased employees can become. Till now theyhad the option of going on strike against their bosses. Now,with the increase independence on computers and theautomation of processes, it is easier for disgruntledemployees to do more harm to their employers bycommitting computer related crimes, which can bringentire systems down.IJSER 2013http://www.ijser.org

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 5, May-2013ISSN 2229-5518d. Professional hackers (Corporate espionage): Extensivecomputerization has resulted in business organizationsstoring all their information in electronic form. Rivalorganizations employ hackers to steal industrial secrets andother information that could be beneficial to them. Thetemptation to use professional hackers for industrialespionage also stems from the fact that physical presencerequired to gain access to important documents is renderedneedless if hacking can retrieve those.792Ethics and morality in different circumstancesconnotes varied and complex meanings. Each andeverything which is opposed to public policy, againstpublic welfare and which may disturb public tranquilitymay be termed to be immoral and unethical.In the past terms such as imperialism, colonialism,apartheid, which were burning issues have given way tocyber crime, hacking, 'cyber-ethics' etc.Positive Aspects of the IT Act, 2000:Criminal Law – General PrinciplesAccording to criminal law, certain persons areexcluded from criminal liability for their actions, if at therelevant time; they had not reached an age of criminalresponsibility. After reaching the initial age, there may belevels of responsibility dictated by age and the type ofoffense allegedly committed.Governments enact laws to label certain types ofactivity as wrongful or illegal. Behavior of a more antisocialnature can be stigmatized in a more positive way to showsociety's disapproval through the use of the word criminal.In this context, laws tend to use the phrase, "age of criminalresponsibility"intwodifferentways:1. As a definition of the process for dealing with allegedoffenders, the range of ages specifies the exemption of achild from the adult system of prosecution andpunishment. Most states develop special juvenile justicesystems in parallel to the adult criminal justice system.Children are diverted into this system when they havecommitted what would have been an offense in an adult.1. Prior to the enactment of the IT Act, 2000 even an e-mailwas not accepted under the prevailing statutes of India asan accepted legal form of communication and as evidencein a court of law. But the IT Act, 2000 changed this scenarioby legal recognition of the electronic format. Indeed, the ITAct, 2000 is a step forward.2. From the perspective of the corporate sector, companiesshall be able to carry out electronic commerce using thelegal infrastructure provided by the IT Act, 2000. Till thecoming into effect of the Indian Cyber law, the growth ofelectronic commerce was impeded in our country basicallybecause there was no legal infrastructure to regulatecommercial transactions online.IJSER2. As the physical capacity of a child to commit a crime.Hence, children are deemed incapable of committing somesexual or other acts requiring abilities of a more maturequality.The age of majority is the threshold of adulthoodas it is conceptualized in law. It is the chronologicalmoment when children legally assume majority controlover their persons and their actions and decisions, therebyterminating the legal control and legal responsibilities oftheir parents over and for them. But in the cyber world it isnot possible to follow these traditional principles ofcriminal law to fix liability. Statistics reveal that in the cyberworld, most of the offenders are those who are under theage of majority. Therefore, some other mechanism has to beevolved to deal with cyber criminals.3. Corporate will now be able to use digital signatures tocarry out their transactions online. These digital signatureshave been given legal validity and sanction under the ITAct, 2000.4. In today’s scenario, information is stored by thecompanies on their respective computer system, apart frommaintaining a back up. Under the IT Act, 2000, it shall nowbe possible for corporate to have a statutory remedy if anyone breaks into their computer systems or networks andcauses damages or copies data. The remedy provided bythe IT Act, 2000 is in the form of monetary damages, by theway of compensation, not exceeding Rs. 1, 00, 00,000.5. IT Act, 2000 has defined various cyber crimes whichincludes hacking and damage to the computer code. Priorto the coming into effect of the Indian Cyber law, thecorporate were helpless as there was no legal redress forsuch issues. But the IT Act, 2000 changes the scenealtogether.The Grey Areas of the IT Act, 2000IJSER 2013http://www.ijser.org

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 5, May-2013ISSN 2229-55181. The IT Act, 2000 is likely to cause a conflict ofjurisdiction.2. Electronic commerce is based on the system of domainnames. The IT Act, 2000 does not even touch the issuesrelating to domain names. Even domain names have notbeen defined and the rights and liabilities of domain nameowners do not find any mention in the law.3. The IT Act, 2000 does not deal with any issuesconcerning the protection of Intellectual Property Rights Ithe context of the online environment. Contentious yet veryimportant issues concerning online copyrights, trademarksand patents have been left untouched by the law, therebyleaving many loopholes.4. As the cyber law is growing, so are the new forms andmanifestations of cyber crimes. The offences defined in theIT Act, 2000 are by no means exhaustive. However, thedrafting of the relevant provisions of the IT Act, 2000 makesit appear as if the offences detailed therein are the onlycyber offences possible and existing. The IT Act, 2000 doesnot cove various kinds of cyber crimes and Internet relatedcrimes. These Include:-793Citizens should not be under the impression thatcyber crime is vanishing and they must realize that witheach passing day, cyberspace becomes a more dangerousplace to be in, where criminals roam freely to execute theircriminals intentions encouraged by the so-called anonymitythat internet provides.The absolutely poor rate of cyber crime convictionin the country has also not helped the cause of regulatingcyber crime. There have only been few cyber crimeconvictions in the whole country, which can be counted onfingers. We need to ensure that we have specializedprocedures for prosecution of cyber crime cases so as totackle them on a priority basis,. This is necessary so as towin the faith of the people in the ability of the system totackle cyber crime. We must ensure that our systemprovides for stringent punishment of cyber crimes andcyber criminals so that the same acts as a deterrent forothers.Conclusion:IJSERa) Theft of Internet hoursb) Cyber theftc) Cyber stalkingd) Cyber harassmente) Cyber defamationf) Cyber fraudg) Misuse of credit card numbersh) Chat room abuse5. The IT Act, 2000 has not tackled several vital issuespertaining to e-commerce sphere like privacy and contentregulation to name a few. Privacy issues have not beentouched at all.6. Another grey area of the IT Act is that the same does nottouch upon any anti- trust issues.7. The most serious concern about the Indian Cyber lawrelates to its implementation. The IT Act, 2000 does not laydown parameters for its implementation. Also, wheninternet penetration in India is extremely low andgovernment and police officials, in general are not verycomputer savvy, the new Indian cyber law raises morequestions than it answers. It seems that the Parliamentwould be required to amend the IT Act, 2000 to remove thegrey areas mentioned above.The new legislation which can cover all the aspectsof the Cyber Crimes should be passed so the grey areas ofthe law can be removed. The recent blasts in Ahmedabad,Bangalore and Delhi reflects the threat to the mankind bythe cyber space activities against this I personally believesthat only the technology and its wide expansion can givestrong fight to the problems. The software’s are easilyavailable for download should be restricted by theGovernment by appropriate actions. New amendmentshould be including to the IT Act, 2000 to make it efficientand active against the crimes. The training and publicawareness programs should be organized in the Companiesas well as in common sectors. The number of the cyber copsin India should be increased. The jurisdiction problem isthere in the implementation part which should be removedbecause the cyber criminals does not have any jurisdictionlimit then why do the laws have, after all they laws arethere, to punish the criminal but present scenario givesthem the chance to escapeToday in the present era there is a need to evolve a'cyber-jurisprudence' based on which 'cyber-ethics' can beevaluated and criticized. Further there is a dire need forevolving a code of Ethics on the Cyber-Space and disciplineThe Information Technology Act 2000 was passedwhen the country was facing the problem of growing cybercrimes. Since the Internet is the medium for hugeinformation and a large base of communications around theIJSER 2013http://www.ijser.org

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 5, May-2013ISSN 2229-5518world, it is necessary to take certain precautions whileoperating it. Therefore, in order to prevent cyber crime it isimportant to educate everyone and practice safecomputing.Following Frank William Abagnale & RobertMorris, many other hackers are intending to make use oftheir skills for better purposes. This trend continues evennow where companies as their security analysts hire thebrilliant hackers. Also, there is a dire need for evolving acode of Ethics on the Cyber-Space and discipline. In thecyberspace, following traditional principles of criminal lawto fix liability is not possible. Since most of the cybercriminals are those who are under the age of majority, someother legal framework has to be evolved to deal with them.Since cyber world has no boundaries, it is a Herculean taskto frame laws to cover each and every aspect. But, howevera balance has to be maintained and laws be evolved so as tokeep a check on cyber crimes.References:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.IJSERCyber Crimes and Real World Society by LalithaSridhar.Cyber Law and Information Technology by TalwanthSingh Addl.Distt. And Sessions Judge, Delhi.www.gahtan.com/cyberlaw - cyber law pot.comInformation Technology Act, 2000IJSER 2013http://www.ijser.org794

Information technology refers to the creation, gathering, processing, storage, presentation and dissemination of information and also the processes and devices that enable all this to be done. Information technology is affecting us as individual and as a society. Information technology stand