Transcription
MATERIALIndexAbbreviations: SAD, selective alveolar decortication; ODC, orthodontically driven corticotomy,PAOO, periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodonticssee also cost–benefitaligners (clear) 97, 165Invisalign see Invisaligncorticotomy with 120, 129Piezocision with 129, 130, 131alveolusdecortication see selective alveolardecorticationdemineralization see demineralizationvolume increase with PAOO /AOO29–31see also boneanchorage 91–3, 176, 257–84differential, modification of withcorticotomy 146, 160, 187, 240historical background 257–8maximum 92minimal 92in multidisciplinary treatment, casepresentation 229–31COPYRIGHTEDAboul-Ela study of accelerated toothmovement in humans 45, 51abscesses, “blow-out” 98academicsafterword for academic leaders 33–4AcceleDente 259Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics seePeriodontally Accelerated OsteogenicOrthodonticsaccelerated tooth movement 41–58, 124, 290animal models 43–51various interventions enabling 287adjunctive corticotomy, case presentations 229–39adolescentsPAOO 30partial edentulism 253–5adults 219–55protrusion 288, 289advantages and benefits 13, 62, 187, 290–291Piezocision 138Orthodontically Driven Corticotomy: Tissue Engineering to Enhance Orthodontic and Multidisciplinary Treatment,First Edition. Edited by Federico Brugnami and Alfonso Caiazzo. 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Companion Website: www.wiley.com/go/Brugnami/Corticotomy299
300Indexanchorage (continued)in open bite correction 292Piezocision 124, 125relative, enhancing 91–3temporary, devices (TADs) 92, 258Andrews and his Six Elements Philosophy ofOro-Facial Harmony 204, 207, 208, 210Anholm JM 24animal (experimental) models 43–51, 290–291accelerated tooth movement 43–51historical perspectives 14, 16Piezocision 124see also canine models; monkey models; ratmodelsanterior open-bitetreatment with corticotomy 285control in Piezocision 134–7open (apertognathia; negative overbite) 98–9, 291–4case presentation 69case selection criteria 292–4historical perspectives 19–21anterior teethextrusion 292–4retraction, with open-bite closure 294antibioticspostoperative 68, 152preoperative 63AOO see Periodontally Accelerated OsteogenicOrthodonticsapertognathia see anterior open-biteapplications see indications and applicationsarchsequence (in corticotomy) in casepresentations 165in multidisciplinary cases 245teeth replacement in opposite,multidisciplinary treatment allowing229–31arch lengthdeficiency (ALD) 92, 93, 97, 99case presentations 101, 104, 109and shape in Andrews Six Elements ofOro-Facial Harmony 207archwires 100case presentations 101, 103, 104, 105, 110,111, 175, 176, 223, 250, 272, 286in mechanotherapy for anterior teethextrusion 294proclination effects see proclination effectarmamentarium (equipment andinstruments) 62–3Piezocision 120–121Ascher F 7Baloul’s study of accelerated tooth movementin rats 45basal bone expansion 189–218, 220, 221Bell W and Levy B 14–16benefits see advantages and benefits;cost–benefitBichlmayr A 9–10, 13, 28biomechanics 99cell-level 5–6biopsy, bone core 223–4bite(s)anterior see anterior bitedeep, case presentation 221–5open see open bitessee also crossbite“black triangle” appearance 17, 98bone (alveolar)anchorage see anchoragebasal, expansion 189–218, 220, 221building/rebuilding 2, 261for implant placement 265core biopsy 223–4demineralization see demineralizationgrafts see graftsinjury (and its orthodontic implications)90–91accelerated tooth movement 54Piezocision and 124see also regional acceleratory phenomenonmalleability 2, 22, 186, 193vs. assumed immutability 2, 94, 101matrix 94, 139transportation 23, 28, 30, 54remineralization 27, 28, 54, 61, 93, 124remodeling 61, 289
Indexresorption 41, 61, 195, 202marginal 187, 190, 199responsesmaximising 292spongiosal 13, 30, 51–4, 90, 91-scraper, 164, 165, 171, 195, 223turnover 42, 54see also alveolus; marginal bonebone cells 5–6“bony block” (movement) hypothesis orconcept 10, 12, 14, 22, 24, 60, 90, 96, 119,145, 288buccal approach in Piezocision, one-sidedflapless 142buccal flap 50, 164, 197, 211, 229case examples 72, 81buccal plate 29, 43, 60, 62, 84, 149, 193, 195, 214,223, 224, 225, 240, 252assessing thickness 197historical perspectives 12, 24–5burs (standard corticotomy instrument)animal studies 44–5, 46, 48, 49, 50, 164piezoelectric knife vs. 138, 139, 149canine models (dog) 43–51, 291accelerated tooth movement 43–51, 52Düker’s 16Piezocision 139canine tooth/teethimpacted 93, 176, 270, 274, 289movement 51case reports/presentations 68–84, 99–112,207–14anchorage 267–81Piezocision see Piezocisionsingle-flap corticotomy 156, 157, 158, 159,165–86, 225, 240–245cell-level orthodontics 5–6cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) 189marginal bone crest in relation to 193, 197children, PAOO 30see also adolescentCho et al, accelerated tooth movement study indogs 43–7, 52clear aligners see aligners301ClinCheck 129–34closure (wound) 67–8Cohen study of accelerated tooth movementin dogs 44Cohn-Stock G 7coiled springs 51, 101, 289, 291animal models 47, 48, 49, 50communication –orthodontist) 99Piezocision 137compliance issues 32, 89, 92Piezocision 130, 138complications (incl. side-effects) 97–9minimal 93–4Piezocision 134–8radiological evaluation 192–4computed tomography (CT)3D see three-dimensional imagingcone beam see cone beam CThigh-resolution, PAOO 30preoperative 62concept of ODC/SAD 2–3, 295–6historical perspectives 6–9cone beam CT (CBCT) 62, 66, 147, 165, 178,197, 204, 214, 227, 240, 252, 2533D see three-dimensional imaging andreconstructionside-effects evaluation 192–3, 195contraindications 62, 96Piezocision 120core biopsy, bone 223–4“cortical anchorage” 260–261cortical platebuccal see buccal platecautions with bodily movementtowards 214lingual see lingual platecorticision 23corticotomy (basic references only) see selectivealveolar decorticationcost–benefit of PAOO 187crossbite, unilateral, case presentation 240–245crowding 59case presentations 127–9, 130, 207–14
302Indexcrowding (continued)in adult and interdisciplinary treatment221–5, 240–245periodontal patients 245in Piezocisionlower 130maxillary 127–9“so-called” (“pseudo-crowding”) 11, 98,100, 101see also rapid orthodontic decrowdingCunningham G 6–7custom-made lingual appliances, Piezocisionwith 134definitions 3SAD/ODC 3, 161–3, 287dehiscence formation (and consequences) 94,125, 193, 195, 202, 204, 217demineralization 27, 28, 30, 42, 54, 90, 93, 124Piezocision and 127, 130, 131, 135, 139, 142window of opportunity with see window ofopportunitydental vs. skeletal open bite 20–21dentition see teethdento-alveolar distraction accelerating toothmovement 287dento-alveolar protrusion see protrusiondisadvantages 6, 154see also complicationsdistraction accelerating tooth movementdento-alveolar 287periodontal 287dog models see canine modelsDüker J 16–19duration of treatment see treatmentedentulism (missing teeth), casepresentations 195, 221, 223, 232, 235,240–245, 253–5, 267–74efficiency of treatment 257–84PAOO 186elastics (incl. elastic chains) 92, 93, 99, 101case presentations 105, 106, 107, 110, 111, 272electrical stimuli (for increasing rate of toothmovement) 259, 287electromagnetic fields accelerating toothmovement, pulsed 287embrasures, open see open embrasuresepigenetics 2, 5, 6, 7, 13, 29, 30, 145equipment see armamentariumesthetics (facial) 18, 87, 280historical perspectives 2, 4smile see smile estheticsexperimental models using animals see animalmodelsfacial esthetics see estheticsFarrer, John Nutting 4fenestrations 202, 204Ferguson DJ research group 30flap(s) 138buccal see buccal flaphistorical perspectives 17, 19, 22, 23–4mucoperiosteal see mucoperiostealflapspalatal see palatal flapreplacement 67retraction and exposure 63–4single see single-flap corticotomyflapless techniques 146, 152, 163, 175, 276animal studies 45, 46, 50Piezocision 138, 147, 149, 164Frost HA 13–14regional acceleratory phenomenon seeregional acceleratory phenomenonGantes et al 24–6Generson RM 19–21gingiva (gums)recession 32, 189–91smile showing (gummy smile)21, 220Goldson L and Reck VJ 23grafts (bone etc.) 64–7, 94–6, 149–50case presentation 102–3, 211corticotomy plus see PeriodontallyAccelerated Osteogenic Orthodonticshistorical perspectives 19indications 204–7in interdisciplinary treatment casereports 223, 224–5, 227, 240, 252Piezocision 125, 141–2resorbability 29, 97gum see gingiva
Index303histology in combined prosthodontic–orthodontic treatment 224histophysiology 4–5, 61–2history 6–34, 42–3, 60–61, 289anchorage 257–8treatment time 25, 26, 30, 93interdental papilla loss with Piezocision 137interdisciplinary treatment seemultidisciplinary treatmentInvisalign 97, 165corticotomy with Invisalign 165Piezocision and 129, 130, 134iatrogenic damageopen bites due to 99in Piezocision 137–8Iglesias-Linares study of accelerated toothmovement in rats 45Iino’s study of accelerated tooth movement indogs 44, 46, 47, 52, 289imaging (radiology)basal bone expansion 197preoperative 62side-effects evaluation 192–4see also specific modalitiesimmunosuppressants 62, 96impacted teethcanines 93, 176, 270, 274, 289molars 109, 291premolars 101implants and prostheses 220, 221–5adolescent and avoiding life-longcommitment to 253–5as anchorage systems see anchoragebuilding bone for placement of 265–6case presentations 176, 197, 221–5, 225,232–3, 245, 270, 272incisions 63piezoelectric 121, 138single-flap corticotomy 147indications and applications 61–2, 96–9,204–7, 214bone graft 204–7Piezocision 120, 125infection, oral 31–3see also abscesses; antibioticsinfrared light therapy 259injury (incl. damage)to bone see boneiatrogenic see iatrogenic damageto periodontium see periodontium“therapeutic” 15, 22, 24instruments see armamentariumKim SJ et al 23accelerated tooth movement in dogs 44Köle H 10–13, 14, 16, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 42, 60, 146Kretz R 13labiomental fold, deep, correction withPiezocision 126laboratory animals see animal modelslaser therapy and tooth movement 287lingual appliances, Piezocision with 134lingual plate 29, 43, 60, 62, 149assessing thickness 197historical perspectives 12, 25lip incompetence (with protrusion), casereport 274–81localized Piezocision 125–7Loma Linda investigations 12, 24malocclusions 59, 96–7case presentations 69–81, 195, 271, 277in open bite 287Piezocision 126marginal boneassessment of level 197crest, in relation to cemento-enameljunction 193, 197fenestration 199resorption 187, 190, 199maxillary protrusion see protrusionmaxillary teethcrowding, Piezocision 127–9posterior, intrusion 291–2maxillary transverse deficiency or discrepancy,case presentation 81–4, 165–76mechanotherapy for anterior teethextrusion 294see also biomechanicsmembranes 150, 195, 223, 225collagen 150, 165, 211Merrill RG and Pedersen GW 21–2
304Indexmesialization/distalization cases 154, 155metal, bone reaction to 257mini-implants 270, 272, 276minimally invasive surgery 62, 187piezosurgery see Piezocisionminiscrews 51, 97, 272, 276, 289canine models 44, 45, 46, 48, 50molarsimpacted 109, 291missing first (in all four quadrants),adolescent 253–5overerupted, intrusion 229monkey models, historical perspectives 14Mostafa YA et al 23, 52, 285, 289, 295dog model of accelerated toothmovement 44, 46, 48, 52maximizing tissue response in anterior openextrusion 292mechanotherapy for anterior teethextrusion 294mucoperiosteal flaps 64, 211, 223, 229historical perspectives 14, 17, 22, 24in mechanotherapy for anterior teethextrusion 294multidisciplinary (interdisciplinary)treatment 219–55case presentations 221–55communication see communicationPiezocision 126, 130, 139–40, 227, 245,250, 252mutilated teeth, case presentations 221–5,229–45negative overbite see anterior bite, openocclusal problems see malocclusionsOliveira DD 21one-sided flapless buccal approach inPiezocision 142open bites 285–98anterior see anterior bite, openiatrogenic 99skeletal vs. dental 20–21open embrasures 17“black triangle” appearance 17, 98oral infection 31–3orofacial harmony, Andrews Six ElementsPhilosophy of 204, 207, 208, 210Orthodontically Driven Corticotomy (ODC)case presentation, 68–85, 165–186, 207–214,221–255definition, 152ortho-infection 31–3osteogenesis 4osteopenia, transient/induced/regional 7, 13,14, 16, 22, 23, 24, 51–4, 60, 61, 101, 119,124, 142, 259osteotomy 3–4distinction from corticotomy 145historical perspectives 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 20,21outcomes (clinical/postsurgical)avoiding wide variances in 31in case presentations of multidisciplinarytreatment 221–4, 228improved 62, 187overbite, negative see anterior bite, openoverjet 98, 263palatal expansioncases 156, 192rapid 62, 193, 259palatal flap 197, 229, 270case reports 72, 81panoramic radiographs, preoperative 62PAOO see Periodontally AcceleratedOsteogenic OrthodonticsPark Y-G et al 23periodontal distraction accelerating toothmovement 287periodontal treatment/surgery andorthodontics (and connection/synergybetween them) 221case presentations 221–5, 229–31, 245–53Periodontally Accelerated OsteogenicOrthodontics (PAOO; AcceleratedOsteogenic Orthodontics ; AOO;corticotomy plus bone graft) 6, 145, 225basic functions 28–31cost–benefit 187early development 27–8, 60, 93efficiency 186
Indexminimally invasive see PiezocisionPiezocision vs. single-flap corticotomyvs. 154, 164synonyms of corticotomy related to 288treatment time and 93periodontist–orthodontist communication seecommunicationperiodontitis 32historical perspectives 13, 17, 18, 19, 24multidisciplinary treatment and, in casepresentations 232, 245periodontiumbiotype modification 189–218enhancing outcome, casepresentation 221–4facilitating maintenance 245–53need for healthy tissue 221Piezocision and improvement of 125side-effects involving (incl. damage) 187historical perspectives 13, 17–18, 24, 204lowering risk of 189–210, 214–17periosteum 94elevators for Piezocision 122photobiomodulation 259physiology 61–2, 145historical perspectives 13, 22–3tissue (histophysiology) 4–5, 61–2Piezocision 119–45, 147advantages 138anchorage 124, 125armamentarium 120–121case presentations 126–7, 127–9, 130–134,136–7, 137inter-/multidisciplinary treatment 126,130, 139–40, 227, 245, 250, 252complications 134–8contraindications 120differences from conventionalorthodontics 123–4as flapless techniques 138, 147, 149, 164grafting 125indications and applications 120, 125localized 125–7regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP) 124, 125, 129, 139, 142, 147segmental 126–7, 164305segmental/sequential 164sequential 127–34, 164single-flap corticotomy vs. 158–60PAOO vs. 154technique 121–3treatment time reduction 125, 134versatility 138, 141window of opportunity 124–5piezoelectric scalpel/knife 164minimally invasive technique using seePiezocisionin single-flap corticotomy 148, 156, 157standard corticotomy instruments incl. bursvs. 138, 139, 149posterior (maxillary) teeth intrusion 291postoperative considerations 68antibiotics 68, 152premolars, impacted 101preoperative considerations 62–3proclination effect (of initial archwires) 99Piezocision 135professionals, communication between seecommunicationprostheses see implants and prosthesesprotrusion (dento-alveolar/maxillary)adult 288, 289case report 274–81historical perspectives 7“pseudo-crowding” (“so-called” crowding)11, 98, 100, 101pulsed electromagnetic fields acceleratingtooth movement 287radiographs (X-ray)preoperative 62side-effects evaluation 192radiological imaging see imaging and specificmodalitieRAP see Regional Acceleratory Phenomenarapid orthodontic decrowding 290rapid orthodontic tooth movement85–7, 290rat models 91accelerated tooth movement 45Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon (RAP) 3,13–14, 28, 30, 52–4, 60, 61, 90–91
306IndexRegional Acceleratory Phenomenon (RAP)(continued)in Piezocision approach 124, 125, 129, 139,142, 147tissue engineering and 152, 154, 160,165, 173window of opportunity and 93, 124Reichenbach E 13remineralization 27, 28, 30, 54, 61, 93, 124research experience 84–5single-flap corticotomy 154–5tissue engineering 154–5, 195–204rodent model see ratroot3D positioning 191, 197damage in Piezocision 137–8denuded, in mechanotherapy for anteriorteeth extrusion 294moving them against cortical bone 261resorptionhistorical perspectives 24minimal apical 290rotations, case presentation 240–245Rynearson RD 22SAD see Selective Alveolar DecorticationSafavi’s study of accelerated tooth movementin dogs 45, 46, 50, 52Sanjideh’s study of accelerated toothmovement in dogs 44, 46, 49–50, 52scraper (bone) 164, 165, 171, 195, 223screws for temporary anchorage 92see also miniscrewsSebaoun JD et al 30–31segmental approach 152, 154, 160–161adult/multidisciplinary treatment, casepresentations 229–45, 254to Piezoexcision 126–7, 164sequential and 164to single-flap corticotomy 160–161, 164case presentation 167sequential and 125, 138, 152, 161, 164Selective Alveolar Decortication (SAD; see alsoOrthodontically Driven Corticotomy/ODC) (basic references only) 1, 3applications (indications) 61–2, 96–9at clinical level see Periodontally AcceleratedOsteogenic Orthodonticsconcept see conceptcontraindications see contraindicationsdefinitions 3, 161–3, 287history see historyindications see indicationsPiezocision vs. Single-Flap Corticotomy vs.154, 164stability 295surgical considerations see surgerysynonyms 287–8technique 64–5, 147–9window of opportunity in see window ofopportunitysequential approaches 161historical perspectives 22to Piezocision 127–34, 164segmental and 164to single-flap corticotomy 161, 164segmental and 125, 138, 152, 161, 164tissue engineering and 161SFC see Single Flap Corticotomyshockwaves (for increasing rate of toothmovement) 259side-effects see complicationsSingle-Flap Corticotomy (SFC) 146–61approaches 160–161, 164case reports 22, 156, 157, 158, 159, 165–86,225, 240–245definition, 147Piezocision vs. 158–60PAOO vs. 154, 164research experience 154–5technique 147–54skeletal anchorage see anchorageskeletal open bite vs. dental open bite 20–21Skogsborg C 7smile esthetics 290, 292case presentations 165, 221–8Piezocision 126–7, 130gummy smile 21, 220speedy orthodontics 288, 289split-mouth design 93–4animal studies 44–5, 47, 48, 49, 50, 91spongiosal bone responses 13, 30, 51–4, 90, 91
Indexsprings see coiled springsstability of ODC 295Suresmile 259surgery 59–86case reports see case reportsminimally invasive see minimally invasivesurgeryoutcomes see outcomesPiezocision see Piezocisionpostsurgical considerations 68preoperative considerations seepreoperative considerationstechnique 62–8sutures 67–8Suya H 23, 24, 60, 145, 146teethanterior, extrusion 292–4classification of relationships between twoteeth or units of teeth 260crowding see crowdingmisaligned, correction, casepresentation 240missing (edentulism), casepresentations 195, 221, 223, 232–3,240–245, 253–5, 267–74mutilated, case presentations 221–5,229–45posterior, intrusion 291replacement in opposite arch,multidisciplinary treatmentallowing 229–31rotations, case presentation 240–245teeth movement, orthodontic (OTM) 1, 6accelerating see accelerated toothmovementfacilitation by PAOO/AOO 28gingival recession and 32historical perspectives 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15,23, 24, 26, 32early 21st Century 27–8treatment times 26increasing rate of 258–67in Piezocision, increasing scope 125rapid 85–7, 290structures determining limits of 94307window of opportunity see window ofopportunitytemporary anchorage devices (TADs) 92, 258three-dimensional imaging and reconstruction(cone beam CT) 169, 191basal bone expansion 195bone resorption 195root positioning 191, 197time, treatment see treatmenttissue engineering 4, 34, 145–218, 289–9021st Century pioneers 27–8adults 219–55treatment time and 89tissue physiology (histophysiology) 4–5, 61–2titanium screws for temporary anchorage 92tooth see teethtransverse maxillary deficiency or discrepancy,case presentations 81–4, 165–76treatment efficiency see efficiencytreatment time/duration 62, 89factors influencing 259historical perspectives 25, 26, 30, 93reducing/saving on 25, 89, 93, 94, 220,258–67, 290Piezocision 125, 134tunnel creation/approach 122, 123, 142, 149,158, 165vibration (for increasing rate of toothmovement) 259wedge resection; Bichlmayr’s 9–10“whole-bone” perspective 4Wilcko (Drs/brothers) et al/andcoworkers 27–8, 42, 60–61, 95, 99, 119,145–7, 176, 225, 259, 288Wilckodontics 7, 34, 60, 259, 288window of opportunity 91, 154case presentation 165, 173maximising 93Piezocision 124–5wires see archwiresX-ray radiographs see radiographsYaffe A et al 22–4
Invisalign 97, 165 corticotomy with Invisalign 165 Piezocision and 129, 130, 134 Kim SJ et al 23 accelerated tooth movement in dogs 44 Köle H 10–13, 14, 16, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 42, 60, 146 Kretz R 13 labiomental fold, deep, correction with Piezocision 126 laboratory anima
