Transcription
EIGHTH EDITIONSurveying withConstructionApplicationsGlobal EditionBarry F. Kavanagh, B.A., CETSenecaDianne K.College, EmeritusSlattery, Ph.D.,Missouri mbusCape TownMexico CityIndianapolisDubaiSao PauloNew YorkLondonSydneyMadridSan FranciscoMilanHong KongMunichSeoulUpper Saddle RiverParisSingaporeMontrealTaipeiTorontoTokyo
CONTENTSPart I1SurveyingFundamentals1.1Surveying Defined1.2Surveying: General1.3 ControlSurveys3.116Surveying InstrumentsAngle Measurement201.10 Units of Measurement241.12Types of Construction Projects261.13 Random and Systematic Errors272930Surveying Mathematics2.3Polygons2.4 Circles2.5Angles523232Taping Corrections703.8Systematic Taping ral4.2Theory of Differential Leveling4.3Types of Surveying Levels4.4Leveling RodsBackground8187Techniques of Leveling4.7 BenchmarkSurveys)504.94.1090Leveling (Vertical Control94Reciprocal LevelingPeg TestLeveling914.8 Profile and Cross-Section4881834.5 Definitions for Differential3662Techniques for "Ordinary" TapingProblems4.636Rectangular CoordinatesProblems3.73.12 Field Notes for427292.2 Lines and663.11 Mistakes in252.1 Unit ConversionsTaping TechniquesPrecisionStationingReview Questions3.63.101.11Accuracy and Precision603.9 Random Taping Errors231.16 Field NotesTapesCorrections2358Taping Accessories and Their Use201.9 Position Measurement1.15 Mistakes573.519Surveys5759Tapes3.4 Steel181.7 Distance Measurement1.143.317181.5Background3.2 Gunter's ChainBackgroundPreliminary Surveys1.83 Tape Measurements161.41.6 Construction215Surveying PrinciplesLeveling951021033
4Contents4.11Three-Wire Leveling4.12Trigonometric Leveling4.13 Level1066.13109Suggestions for4.15Suggestions for Instrument Work4.16 Mistakes inProblemsWorkLeveling145Bucking-in (Interlining)110111112Prolonging a Measured Line over anObstacle by Triangulation1486.16Prolonging a Line113Electronic DistanceMeasurement 1205.1 GeneralBackground5.2 Electronic5.37Principles of ElectronicMeasurement1211241255.6 EDM Instrument Accuracies6Stations127Introduction to Total Stationsand Theodolites130Background6.4 HorizontalAngles6.5 Theodolites6.7 Total Station6.96.106.111757.8StationSummary of Modern TotalCharacteristics and CapabilitiesStationCombining TotalCapabilities and GPS Receiver1838.2187187Balancing Field Angles8.3 MeridiansSetup1391891901378.4Bearings8.5 Azimuths192195Adjustment of the Theodolite8.6 Latitudes and Departuresand Total Station8.7 Traverse Precision andLaying Off Angles1431841868.1 General Background1341371391827.9 InstrumentsComputationsGeometry of the Theodolite and TotalStation1708 Traverse Surveys and1336.8 Theodolite/Total StationGraphics7.10 Portable/Handheld Total StationsVertical1306.6 Electronic Theodolites164Layout Using TotalReview Questions130157172Capabilities1306.3 Meridians1517.7 Motorized Total Stations1306.2 Reference Directions forAngles75 Field-Generated7.6 Construction1296.1 GeneralTopographic Surveys1265.7 EDM Without Reflecting PrismsProblemsCapabilities7.4 Field Procedures for Total Stations in1215.4 EDM Instrument Characteristics5.5 Prisms1517.3 Total Station FieldTechniquesDistance149151Background7.2 Total StationAngle MeasurementPast an Obstacle150Total Stations7.1 General1201476.15Review Questions51466.14 Intersection of Two Straight Lines4.14RodProlonging a Straight Line acyCompass Rule Adjustment206205
Contents8.9 Effects of Traverseon8.10 Omitted Measurement8.118.12 Area ofa910.109.3 Receivers220Signals227StationSurvey PlanningApplicationsPositioning9.14 Conclusion9.15 GPS32010.16 GIS Data 610.3 Branches of Geomatics26810.4 Data Collection Branch: Preelectronic269Problems341350Project ControlReview Questions332332Projection Grid11.6 Horizontal Control263Introduction to Electronic SurveyingTechniques328Horizontal Control Surveys11.5 UTMGrid26510.1 Geomatics DefinedInternet32711.4 Transverse Mercator GridReadings31832811.3 Lambert258318325SensingQuestionsFeatures11.2 Plane Coordinate Grids252An Introduction to Geomatics10.2Spatial Data Modelsor11.1 General Background2462629.16 Recommended1011262GlossaryReview Questions2412429.11 GPS Field Procedures9.13 Vertical10.15ProblemsSystem317Typical Data RepresentationTopology31131610.14Review2399.9 Canadian Active Control9.12 GPSManagementResourcesContinuously Operating Reference309Spatial Entities238298Geographic Information System10.18 Remote230Imagery10.1310.172299.6 GPS Position Measurements9.7 Errors224System2259.5 GPS Satellite292Remote-Sensing Satellites10.12 Metadata2209.4 Satellite Constellations284Photography10.11 Database9.2 The U.S. Global Positioning9.1010.9214Background27610.8 Airborne and SatelliteClosed Traverse by the CoordinatePositioning9.1 General9.810.7 Aerialof Traverse216SatelliteDesign and Plotting10.6 ular CoordinatesStations10.5AdjustmentsAngles and DistancesMeasured5266Part II ConstructionII. 1 IntroductionApplications36511.2 GeneralBackground11.3 Grade366365365
612ContentsMachine Guidance and Control12.1 GeneralBackground367Summary of the3DDesignDTM, and Civil DesignReview QuestionsSurveys13.7 Field ProcedureBackground1539039113.12 Vertical Curves:440Transfer442445446Municipal Street ConstructionSurveys 44715.5 Plan and Profile402404449449449Establishing Centerline15.7Establishing452Offset Linesand Construction Control15.8 Construction Grades for40513.16Spiral Curves: General Background13.17Spiral13.18Spiral Layout Procedure Summary13.19Approximate Solution for SpiralComputations44715.6405Vertical Curve418Layout for line and Grade15.4 Road Cross SectionsGeneralComputation of the High or the Low PointProblems43615.3 Road AllowancesProperties of the ParabolaCurveSlope Stakes15.2 Classification of Roads and Streets400401Vertical Curve43143515.1 General Background392Reverse CurvesaClearing, Grubbing, and StrippingReview Questions39013.11Computing14.442914.8 Ditch ConstructionCompound Circular Curves13.15Highway Construction Layout14.7 Grade38713.10on a14.314.6380389the Curve13.9 Offset Curves13.13 GeometricHighway Design14.5 Placement of379(Steel Tapeand Theodolite)Background14.2378Geometry13.6 Metric ConsiderationsonPreliminary (Preengineering)Surveys 425TopsoilChord CalculationsMoving up14.1Collection,13.4 Circular Curve Deflections13.14422Highway ConstructionSurveys 42537913.3 Circular Curve13.837637913.2 Circular Curves: General13.514378Highway Curves13.1 Route420422Problems374Process12.6 Web Site References for Data13Superelevation Design37212.4 Three-Dimensional Data Files12.513.21Review Questions37012.3 Satellite Positioning Guidance andControlSuperelevation: GeneralBackground 42036712.2 Motorized Total Station Guidance andControl13.20Street40841546115.10 Sidewalk Construction15.11SiteProblemsCurbed45715.9 Street Intersections410a454Grading466464463448
Contents16Pipeline19.7 VolumePipeline Construction16.2 Sewer Construction16.319.8 Final473Layout for Line and Grade.16.5 Tunnel ConstructionProblemsSurveysLayoutLayout Computations17.6 Offset Distance17.9 Cross Sections forGlossary507AppendixDTypical Field ProjectsD.l Field Notes510Footing Excavations18.2Single-Story Construction18.3Multistory ConstructionProjectD.3Project 2: Experiment to Determine511D.2513Building Measurements19.2 AreaComputations19.3 Areaby Graphical Analysis19.4 Construction VolumesTape592Project 5: Traverse Angle MeasurementsProject 6: Topographic SurveyD.8Project 7: Building LayoutD.9Project 8: Horizontal Curve531D.10 Project 9:EPipeline Layout593595D.7596603604605Illustrations of MachineControl and of Various Data-539Capture Techniques545Sections, End Areas, and3: Field Traverse MeasurementsD.6Appendix532590and Closure ComputationsQuantity Measurements:589Project 4: Differential Leveling524531Project588D.5513513Final Surveys5471:with a Steel530General BackgroundVolumes578588"Normal Tension"Building Construction: General19.5 Cross567C51219.1 ConstructionAnswers to g Construction 8 Vertical ControlReview QuestionsCoordinate GeometryReview 558Geometry of RectangularAppendix49517.7 Dimension Verification18555A.2 Illustrative Problems in502Drawings553495Bridge Construction: GeneralQuestions(As-Built) SurveysCoordinatesCulvert ConstructionReview553CoordinatesBridge Construction49517.4 Contract17.5Appendix A485A.l17.2 Culvert Reconstruction17.3484Layout490Culvert and17.1Problems475552Computations by GeometricFormulas47116.4 Catch-Basin Construction1719.6 Prismoidal Formula471Surveys16.1and Tunnel Construction7Index609607
EIGHTHEDITION Surveyingwith Construction Applications GlobalEdition BarryF. Kavanagh,B.A.,CET SenecaCollege,Emeritus DianneK.Slattery,Ph.D.,P.E. MissouriState University PEARSON Boston Columbus Indianapolis NewYork SanFrancisco UpperSaddleRiver Amsterdam CapeTown Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi MexicoCity SaoPaulo Sydney HongKong Seoul
