Transcription
1HIS HOLINESSTHE XIV DALAI LAMAOF TIBET
2Published byThe Department of Information and International RelationsCentral Tibetan Administration,Dharamsala, HP India20111000 copies
3His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai LamaHis Holiness the XIV Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, is the head of stateand spiritual leader of the Tibetan people. He was born on 6 July 1935to a farmer’s family in the village of Takster, north-eastern Tibet. Atthe age of two the child, Lhamo Dhondup, was recognised as theincarnation of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso. In October1939, the young Dalai Lama accompanied by the search party and hisfamily members arrived in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. The enthronementceremony took place on 22 October 1940 in the Potala Palace.Dalai Lama is a Mongolian title meaning “Ocean of Wisdom”, and theDalai Lamas are manifestations of the Bodhisattva of Compassion,Chenrezig. Bodhisattvas are enlightened beings who have postponedtheir own enlightenment and chosen to take rebirth to serve humanity.Education in TibetHis Holiness began his monastic education at the age of six. At 23 hesat for his final examination at the Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, during theannual Monlam Chenmo or the Great Prayer Festival in 1959. He passedwith honours and was awarded the Lharampa Degree (the highest-levelGeshe or the doctorate of Buddhist philosophy).Leadership ResponsibilitiesIn 1950 His Holiness the Dalai Lama was called upon to assume fullpolitical power after China began its invasion of Tibet in 1949. In 1954His Holiness went to Beijing for peace talks with Mao Zedong and otherChinese leaders, including Deng Xiaoping and Zhou Enlai. In 1959 the
4occupying Chinese troops brutally suppressed the Tibetan nationaluprising in Lhasa and forced His Holiness the Dalai Lama and over80,000 Tibetans into exile in India and neighbouring countries.On reaching India, His Holiness the Dalai Lama first took up residencefor about a year in Mussoorie, Uttaranchal State, after which he movedto Dharamsala in Himachal Pradesh — where he continues to liveto this day. Dharamsala also serves as the headquarters of the exileestablishment, the Central Tibetan Administration.Democratisation ProcessIn 1963 His Holiness the Dalai Lama presented a draft democraticconstitution for Tibet, which was followed by a number of politicalreforms. In May 1990, the radical reforms His Holiness initiated sawthe realisation of a truly democratic administration for the exile Tibetancommunity. The Kashag (the highest executive body), which till thenhad been appointed by him, was dissolved along with the Tenth TibetanParliament-in-Exile (then called the Assembly of the Tibetan People’sDeputies). In the same year, the exile Tibetans in the Indian subcontinent and elsewhere elected 46 members to the expanded eleventhTibetan parliament. The parliament then elected new members of theKashag.The new democratic constitution promulgated as a result of thisreform came to be known as the Charter for Tibetans-in-Exile. The charterenshrines freedom of speech, belief, assembly and movement. It alsoprovides detailed guidelines on the functioning of the Central TibetanAdministration with respect to the Tibetans living in exile.In 2001 the Tibetan parliament, on the advice of His Holiness the Dalai
5Lama, amended the Charter to provide for the Kalon Tripa, which is thehighest executive authority, to be directly elected by the exile Tibetanpeople. The first election for the Kalon Tripa took place in 2001.Peace InitiativesIn 1987 His Holiness proposed the Five-Point Peace Plan for Tibet asthe first step towards a peaceful solution to the worsening situation inTibet. He envisioned that Tibet will be a sanctuary — a zone of peaceat the heart of Asia — where all living beings can exist in harmony andthe environment can be restored and thrive. Since the re-establishmentof direct contact with China in 2002, there have been several roundsof talks between His Holiness’ envoys and the Chinese governmentrepresentatives. However, nothing substantial has come out from thesemeetings. In the course of these exchanges, the envoys presented to theChinese leaders a Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy for the Tibetan Peopleand a Note explaining the key points of the memorandum.Though China has not responded positively to the various peaceproposals, His Holiness remains committed to the Middle-Way Approachthat seeks to find a solution to the issue of Tibet.The Five-Point Peace PlanOn 21 September 1987, His Holiness addressed members of the USCongress’ Human Rights Caucus and proposed the Five-Point PeacePlan for Tibet:1.Transformation of the whole of Tibet into a zone of peace.2.Abandonment of China’s population transfer policy, whichthreatens the very existence of the Tibetan people.
63.4.5.Respect for the Tibetan people’s fundamental human rights anddemocratic freedoms.Restoration and protection of Tibet’s natural environment andthe abandonment of China’s use of Tibet for the production ofnuclear weapons and dumping of nuclear waste.Commencement of earnest negotiations on the future status ofTibet and of relations between the Tibetan and Chinese people.Revered By TibetansEvery Tibetan has a deep bond with His Holiness the Dalai Lama, whosymbolises Tibet in its entirety — the beauty of the land, the purity ofits rivers and lakes, the sanctity of its skies, the solidity of its mountainsand the strength of its people.Universal RecognitionOn 10 December 1989 His Holiness was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.The Nobel Committee stated that “the Dalai Lama, in his struggle forthe liberation of Tibet, consistently has opposed the use of violence”.The Committee said that His Holiness had been advocating for peacefulsolutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preservethe historical and cultural heritage of his people.His Holiness consistently advocates policies of non-violence, even inthe face of extreme aggression and grave violence against his people bythe Chinese authorities. His Holiness says his mission in life is threefold:as a citizen of the world, to serve humanity; as a religious leader, towork towards inter-religious harmony; and as a Tibetan, to serve thecause of Tibet and the Tibetan people. His Holiness also became
7the first Nobel Laureate to be recognised for his concern for globalenvironmental problems. In recognition of all these actions and efforts,the United States awarded His Holiness the Congressional Gold Medal,the country’s highest civilian honour on 17 October 2007.His Holiness has travelled to more than 52 countries and met withpresidents, prime ministers and crowned rulers of major nations. Hehas held dialogues with the heads of different religions and many wellknown scientists. Despite his hectic travelling, His Holiness authoredover 100 books in the English language.Since 1959 His Holiness has received more than 100 honorary doctorates,awards and prizes in recognition of his message of peace, non-violence,inter-religious understanding, universal responsibility and compassion.Today His Holiness is one of the foremost spiritual leaders and the mostrecognized symbol of peace and the leader of the Tibetan people.His Holiness often likes to describe himself as a “simple Buddhistmonk”. This simplicity and compassionate nature touches everyonewho meets him during his constant lectures and tours around the world.His messages are of love, compassion and forgiveness.
8
9Some Books in English Authored byHis Holiness the Dalai Lama1.My Land and My People, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,19622.The Opening of the Wisdom Eye, The Theosophical PublishingHouse, Illinois, 19663.The Buddhism of Tibet and the Key to the Middle Way, WisdomPublications, London, 19754.Universal Responsibility and the Good Heart, Library of TibetanWorks and Archives, Dharamsala, 19775.Advice from Buddha Shakyamuni, Library of Tibetan Works andArchives, Dharamsala, 19826.Deity Yoga, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 19817.Collected Statements, Interviews and Articles of His Holiness the DalaiLama, DIIR, Dharamsala, 19828.Four Essential Buddhist Commentaries, Library of Tibetan Worksand Archives, Dharamsala, 19829.A Human Approach to World Peace, Wisdom Publications,London, 198410.Kindness, Clarity and Insight, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca,198411.Kalachakra Tantra Rite of Initiation, Wisdom Publications,Boston, 198512.Opening of the Eye of New Awareness, Wisdom Publications,London, 1985
1013.Opening the Mind and Generating a Good Heart, Library of TibetanWorks and Archives, Dharamsala, 198514.Tantra in Tibet, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 198715.The Bodhgaya Interviews, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 198816.The Dalai Lama at Harvard, Snow Lion Pub., Ithaca, 198817.Transcendent Wisdom, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 198818.The Union of Bliss and Emptiness, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca198819.Ocean Of Wisdom, Clear Light Publications, New Mexico, 198920.The Global Community and the Need for Universal Responsibility,Wisdom Publications, Boston, 199021.The Meaning of Life, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 199022.My Tibet, University of California Press, Berkeley, 199023.The Nobel Peace Prize and the Dalai Lama, Snow LionPublications, Ithaca, 199024.Policy of Kindness, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 199025.Compassion and the Individual, Wisdom Publications, Boston,199126.Cultivating a Daily Meditation, Library of Tibetan Works andArchives, Dharamsala, 199127.Freedom in Exile, Harpercollins, New York, 199128.Mind Science: An East-West Dialogue, Wisdom Publications,Boston, 1991
1129.Path to Bliss, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 199130.Gentle Bridges: Conversation with the Dalai Lama on the Sciences of theMind, Shambhala Publications, Boston, 199231.Worlds in Harmony:Dialogues on Compassionate Action, ParallaxPress, Berkeley, 199232.The Meaning of Life from a Buddhist Perspective, WisdomPublications, Boston, 199333.Words of Truth, Wisdom Publications, Boston, 199334.Generous Wisdom: Commentaries on the Jatakamala, Library ofTibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, 199335.A Flash of Lightning in the Dark of Night, Shambala Publications,Boston, 199436.Awakening the Mind, Lightening the Heart, Harper Collins, NewDelhi, 199537.Commentary on the Thirty Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva, Library ofTibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, 199538.Dialogues on Universal Responsibility and Education, Library ofTibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, 199539.Dimensions of Spirituality, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 199540.Essential Teachings, North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 199541.His Holiness the Dalai Lama – Speeches, Statements, Articles andInterviews from 1987 to June 1995, Department of Informationand International Relations, Dharamsala, 199542.The Path to Enlightenment, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1995
1243.The Power of Compassion, HarperCollins, New Delhi, 199544.The Spirit of Tibet: Universal Heritage — Selected Speeches andWritings, Tibetan Parliamentary and Policy Research Centre,New Delhi, 199545.Violence and Compassion/Power of Buddhism, Doubleday, NewYork, 199546.The Way to Freedom, HarperCollins, New Delhi, 199547.The World of Tibetan Buddhism, Wisdom Publications, Boston,199548.Beyond Dogma, Souvenir Press Ltd., London, 199649.The Good Heart: A Buddhist Perspective on the Teachings of Jesus,Wisdom Publications, Boston, 199650.The Gelug/Kagyu Tradition of Mahamudra, Snow LionPublications, Ithaca, 199751.Healing Anger: The Power of Patience from a Buddhist Perspective,Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 199752.The Heart of Compassion, Foundation for UniversalResponsibility, New Delhi, 199753.The Joy of Living and Dying in Peace, HarperCollins, Delhi, 199754.Love, Kindness and Universal Responsibility, Paljor Publications,New Delhi, 199755.Sleeping, Dreaming and Dying, Wisdom Publications., Boston,199756.The Buddha Nature: Death and Eternal Soul in Buddhism, BluestarCommunications Corporation, Woodside, 1997
1357.The Four Noble Truths, Thorsons, London, 199758.The Art of Happiness, Riverhead Books, New York, 199859.The Path to Tranquillity: Daily Meditations, Penguin Books, NewDelhi, 199860.The Political Philosophy of His Holiness the Dalai Lama: SelectedSpeeches and Writings, Tibetan Parliamentary and Policy ResearchCentre, New Delhi, 199861.Spiritual Advice for Buddhists and Christians, The ContinuumPublishing Company, New York, 199962.Ancient Wisdom, Modern World — Ethics for a New Millennium,Little Brown and Company, London, 199963.Consciousness at the Crossroads — Conversations with the Dalai Lamaon Brain Science and Buddhism, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca,199964.The Heart of the Buddha’s Path, Thorsons, London, 199965.The Little Book of Buddhism, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 199966.Training the Mind, Wisdom Publications, Boston, 199967.Introduction to Buddhism, Paljor Publications, New Delhi, 199968.Imagine All the People — The Dalai Lama on Money, Politics and Lifeas It Could Be, Wisdom Publications, Boston, 199969.The Power of Buddhism, Newleaf, Dublin, 199970.The Dalai Lama’s Book of Transformation, Thorsons, London,200071.A Simple Path, Thorsons, London, 2000
1472.Transforming the Mind, Thorsons, London, 200073.The Dalai Lama’s Book of Wisdom, Rider and Company, London,200074.Buddha Heart, Buddha Mind — Living the Four Noble Truths, TheCrossroad Publishing Company, New York, 200075.The Meaning of Life: Buddhist Perspective on Cause and Effect,Wisdom Publications, Boston, 200076.The Little Book of Wisdom, Rider and Company, London, 200077.An Open Heart, Little Brown and Company, New York, 200178.Stages of Meditation, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 200179.The Transformed Mind: Reflections on Truth, Love and Happiness,Hodder and Stoughton, London, 200180.Advice on Dying, Random House, London, 200281.Essence of the Heart Sutra, Wisdom Publications, Boston, 200282.How to Practice, Simon and Schuster, New York, 200283.Illuminating the Path to Enlightenment, Thubten Dhargye Ling,Long Beach, 200284.The Pocket Dalai Lama, Shambhala Publications, Boston, 200285.The Heart of Compassion: A Practical Approach to a Meaningful Life,Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, 200286.The Compassionate Life, Wisdom Publications, Boston, 200387.Warm Heart, Open Mind, the Dalai Lama Trust (New Zealand),2003
1588.365 Dalai Lama Daily Advice from the Heart, Element, London,200389.Healing Emotions: Conversation with the Dalai Lama on Mindfulness,Emotions and Health, Shambhala Publications, Boston, 200390.Many Ways to Nirvana, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 200491.The Wisdom of Forgiveness, Riverhead Books, New York, 200492.Dzogchen: Heart Essence of the Great Perfection, Snow LionPublications, Ithaca, 200493.Destructive Emotions, Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, London,200494.Practicing Wisdom: The Perfection of Shantideva’s Bodhisattva Way,Wisdom Publications, Boston, 200495.New Physics and Cosmology: Dialogue with the Dalai Lama, OxfordUniversity Press, New York, 200496.Path of Wisdom, Path of Peace — A Personal Conversation, TheCrossroad Publishing Company, New York, 200597.The Art of Happiness at Work, Riverhead Books, New York,200598.Lighting the Path: Teachings on Wisdom and Compassion, 200599.The Universe in a Single Atom: The Convergence of Science andSpirituality, Morgan Road Books, New York, 2005100.Widening the Circle of Love, Rider and Company, London, 2005101.Yoga Tantra — Paths to Magical Seats, Snow Lion Publications,Ithaca, 2005
16102.Teachings on Je Tsong Khapa’s Three Principal Aspects of the Path,Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, 2006103.Activating Bodhichitta and a Meditation on Compassion, Library ofTibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, 2006104.Mind in Comfort and Ease: The Vision of Enlightenment in the GreatPerfection, Wisdom Publications, London, 2007105.In My Own Words: An Introduction to My Teachings and Philosophy,Hay House (INC.), 2008106.Dalai Lama at MIT, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2008107.Emotional Awareness: Overcoming the Obstacles to Psychological Balanceand Compassion, Henry Holt and Company, New York, 2009108.Becoming Enlightened, Rider and Company, London, 2009109.All You Ever Wanted to Know from His Holiness the Dalai Lama onHappiness, Life, Living, and Much More, Hay House (INC.), 2009110. Art of Happiness in a Troubled World, Doubleday, New York,2009111.The Middle Way: Faith Grounded in Reason, Wisdom Publications,London, 2009112.The Leader’s Way: Business, Buddhism and Happiness in anInterconnected World, Nicholas Brealey Publishing, London, 2009113.Towards a True Kinship of Faiths: How the World’s Religions can ComeTogether, Doubleday, New York, 2010
17Foreign Dignitarie Who Have Met WithHis Holiness the Dalai LamaDateName, Title, Place of MeetingCountry1954/55Deng XiaopingSenior Leader of CCP, Beijing,China1954/55Zhu DeCommander in Chief of PLA, BeijingChina1954/55Zhou EnlaiPrime Minister of China, BeijingChina1954/55Liu ShaoqiSenior Leader of CCP, BeijingChina1954/55Mao ZedongChairman of CCP, BeijingChina1956Zhou EnlaiPrime Minister of China, New DelhiIndia1956Dr. S. RadakrishnanVice President of India, New Delhi,India1956Dr. Rajendra PrasadPresident of India, New DelhiIndia1956Jawaharlal NehruPrime Minster of India, New DelhiIndia1956Zhou EnlaiPremier Minister of China, New DelhiIndia24 April 1959 Jawaharlal NehruPrime Minister of India, MussoorieIndia
1816 April 1961 Jawaharlal NehruPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia17 April 1961 Dr. Rajendra PrasadPresident of India, New Delhi,India18 April 1961 Dr. S. RadhakrishnanVice President of India, New DelhiIndia19 April 1961 Jawaharlal NehruPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia13 March 1962 Dr. S. RadhakrishnanVice President of India, New DelhiIndia25 March 1962 Jawaharlal NehruPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia26 March 1962 Jawaharlal NehruPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia17 Oct. 1962 Dr. Zakir HusainVice President of India, New DelhiIndia18 Oct. 1962 Jawaharlal NehruPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia18 May 1964Dr. S. RadhakrishnanPresident of India, New DelhiIndia22 May 1964Dr. Zakir HusainVice President of India, New DelhiIndia22 May 1964Jawaharlal NehruPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia24 May 1964Lal Bahadur ShastriActing Prime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia
1923 Sept. 1964 Lal Bahadur ShastriPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia27 Oct. 1965 Lal Bahadur ShastriPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia12 Jan. 1966Jakov BlazevicVice President of Yugoslavia, New DelhiIndia4 Aug. 1966Dr. S. RadhakrishnanPresident of India, New DelhiIndia6 Aug. 1966Indira GandhiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia24 Sept. 1967 Indira GandhiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia24 Sept. 1967 Dr. Zakir HusainPresident of India, New DelhiIndia24 Sept.1967IndiaV. V. GiriVice President of India, New Delhi13 Nov. 1967 Field Marshal T. KittikachornPrime Minister of Thailand, BangkokThailand14 Nov. 1967 H. M. King Bhumibol A. AdulyadulyadejKing of Thailand, BangkokThailand14 Nov. 1967 Field Marshal T. Kittikachorn,Prime Minister of Thailand, BangkokThailand16 Nov. 1967 H.M. King Bhumibol A. AdulyadulyadejKing of Thailand, BangkokThailand17 Nov. 1967 H.H. Somdej Phra SangharajaSupreme Patriarch of ThailandThailand
2027 Nov. 1968 Indira GandhiPrime Minister of India, New Delhi,India27 Nov. 1968 V. V. GiriVice President of India, New DelhiIndia28 Nov. 1968 Dr. Zakir HusainPresident of India, New DelhiIndia1 Oct. 1969Khan Abdul Gaffar KhanIndian National Leader, New DelhiIndia1 Oct. 1969Dr. Gopal PathakVice President of India, New DelhiIndia11 Oct. 1969 V. V. GiriPresident of India, New DelhiIndia16 Oct. 1969 Indira GandhiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia28 Jan. 1972H.M. King Bhumibol A. AdulyadulyadejKing of Thailand, BangkokThailand4 Jan. 1973Indira GandhiPrime Minister of India, New Delhi30 Sept. 1973 H.H. Pope Paul VVatican City2 Oc. 1973H.H. Prince Sadruddin Aga KhanGeneva9 Oct. 1973H.R.H. Prince BernhardAmsterdamIndiaItalySwitzerlandThe Netherlands10 Oct. 1973 Erskine ChildersPresident of the Republic of Ireland, Dublin Ireland
2110 Oct. 1973 Lien CosgradePrime Minister of the Republic of IrelandDublin,Ireland10 Oct. 1973 Frank AikenForeign Minister of Ireland, DublinIreland19 Oct. 1973 H.R.H. Prince PeterOsloNorway25 Oct. 1973 Dr. M. RamseyArchbishop of Canterbury, LondonUK20 March 1974 V. V. GiriPresident of India, New DelhiIndia31 Jan. 1977Indira GandhiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia22 July 1977Morarji DesaiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia26 Aug. 1977 N. Sanjiva ReddyPresident of India, New DelhiIndia18 Sept. 1978 Morarji DesaiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia6 Nov. 1978J. R. JayewardenePresident of Sri Lanka, New DelhiIndia22 Jan. 1979Morarji DesaiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia7 July 1979Morarji DesaiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia
2215 Sept. 19799 Oct. 1980Lee DreyfusGovernor of Wisconsin, MadisonUSAH.H. Pope John Paul IIVatican CityItaly1 Nov. 1980Suzuki ZenkoPrime Minister of Japan, TokyoJapan14 Oct. 1981 Indira GandhiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia15 Feb. 1982Indira GandhiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia27 July 1982Tunku Abdul RahmanFormer Prime Minister of MalaysiaMalaysia2 Aug. 1982A. Ratu PerwiranegasaMinister for Religious Affairs of IndonesiaIndonesia2 Aug. 1982Adam MalikVice President of Indonesia, JakartaIndonesiaOctober 1982 H.H. Pope John Paul IIVatican CityItaly24 Jan. 1983Indira GandhiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia15 Feb. 1984Indira GandhiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia3 July 1984Dr. Robert RuncieArchbishop of Canterbury, LondonUK28 March 1985 Rajiv GandhiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia
235 Aug. 1985Zail SinghPresident of India, New DelhiIndia5 Aug. 1985Rajiv GandhiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia1 Feb. 1986Zail SinghPresident of India, New DelhiIndia1 Feb. 1986Rajiv GandhiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia13 May 1986Dr. Rudolf KirchschlaegerPresident of Austria, ViennaAustria17 May 1986H.R.H. Princess Irene of the NetherlandsAmsterdamThe Netherlands20 May 1986H.R.H. Princess Juliana & Prince BernhardAmsterdamThe Netherlands11 Sept. 1986 Patriarch Pimen of All RussiaMoscowUSSR27 Oct. 1986 H.H. Pope John Paul IIVatican CityItaly12 Sept. 1987 R. VenkataramanPresident of India, New DelhiIndia20 Sept. 1987 Jimmy CarterFormer President of the US, AtlantaUSA13 April 1988 Dr. Robert RuncieArchbishop of Canterbury, LondonUK14 June 1988 H.H. Pope John Paul IIVatican CityItaly
2418 June 1988 H.H. Prince Sadruddin Aga KhanGenevaSwitzerland17 Nov. 1988 Rajiv GandhiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia10 Jan. 1989IndiaRajiv GandhiPrime Minister of India, New Delhi27 June 1989 Dr. Oscar AriasPresident of Costa Rica3 July 1989Costa RicaCarlos SantosPresident of Mexico, Mexico CityMexico11 Nov. 1989 Rajiv GandhiPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndia7 Dec. 1989Willy BrandtFormer Chancellor of Germany, BerlinGermany8 Dec. 1989Rita SussmuthPresident of the West German BundestagGermany9 Dec. 1989Kjell Magne BondevikForeign Minister of Norway, OsloNorway10 Dec. 1989 H.M. King Olav of NorwayOsloNorway11 Dec. 1989 Jan P. SysePrime Minister of Norway, OsloNorway3 Feb. 1990Vaclav HavelPresident of Czechoslovakia, PragueCzechoslovkia24 April 1990 Mark EyskensBelgian Minister of External Affairs, Brussels Belgium
251 June 1990H.H. Pope John Paul IIVatican CityItaly4 June 1990UrralburuPresident of the AutonomousGovernment of NayaraSpain5 Sept. 1990Gabriel CanellasPresident of the AutonomousGovernment of the BalearesSpain10 Sept. 1990 H. van den BroekMinister of Foreign Affairs,AmsterdamThe Netherlands4 Oct. 1990Prof. Von WeizsackerPresident of Germany, BonnDec. 1990H.H. Shankarachariya of Kanchi KamakotiMadrasIndia29 Jan. 1991Chandra ShekharPrime Minister of India, New DelhiIndiaGermany18 March 1991 H.R.H. The Duke of GloucesterG.C.V.O. LondonUK18 March 1991 H.R.H. Prince CharlesLondonUK20 March 1991 Lord MackayLord Chancellor, LondonUK20 March 1991 Bernard WeatherhillThe Speaker, House of Commons, LondonUK21 March 1991 Neil KinnockLeader, Opposition in the Parliament, London UK
2622 March 1991 Mary RobinsonPresident of the Irish Republic, DublinIreland27 March 1991 Dr. Carl SaganScientist, IthacaUSA16 April 1991 George Bush Sr.President of the US, Washington DCUSA16 April 1991 Fruto Chamorro PerezPresident of Nicaragua, WashingtonNicaragua16 April 1991 Dan QuayleVice President of the US, Washington16 April 1991 Jiri DienstbierForeign Minister of CzechoslovakiaUSACzechoslovakia16 April 1991 Jean KirkpatrikUS Permanent Representative to the UNUSA18 April 1991 George MitchellMajority Leader of the US Senate, Washington USA18 April 1991 Thomas FoleySpeaker of the US House, WashingtonUSA9 July 1991IndiaP. V. Narasimha RaoPrime Minister of India, New Delhi16 Aug. 1991 H.R.H. Prince Hans-Adam IILiechtensteinLiechtenstein19 Aug. 1991 Rene FelerSwiss Foreign Minister, BernSwitzerland29 Sept. 1991 Vytautas LandsbergisPresident of Lithuania, VilniusLithuania
2730 Sept. 1991 Gediminas VagnoriusPrime Minister of Lithuania, VilniusLithuania30 Sept. 1991 K. PalkalniskisDeputy Prime Minister of LithuanaVilnius,Lithuania4 Oct. 1991Olo NugisThe Supreme Council of Estonia, TallinnEstonia4 Oct. 1991Indrek Toome KadriorgForeign Affairs Commission of EstoniaEstonia5 Oct. 1991Zhelyu ZhelevPresident of Bulgaria, SofiaBulgaria10 Oct. 1991 H.M. Empress Farah PahlaviEmpress of Iran, HartfordUK2 Dec. 1991John MajorPrime Minister of UK, LondonUK3 Dec. 1991H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf & Queen Silviaof Sweden, StockholmSweden4 Dec. 1991Margaretha af UgglasSwedish Foreign Minister, Stockholm5 Dec. 1991Alf SvenssonMinister for International DevelopmentCooperation & Human Rights Issues of Sweden,StockholmSweden7 Dec. 1991Bishop Desmond TutuNobel Laureate, OsloNorway7 Dec. 1991Lech WalesaPresident of Poland, OsloNorwaySweden
288 Dec. 1991Gro Harlem BrundtlandPrime Minster of Norway, Oslo3 March 1992 P. V. Narasimha RaoPrime Minister of India, New DelhiNorwayIndia4 May 1992Son SanPrime Minister of Cambodia6 May 1992Gareth EvansForeign Minister of Australia, CanberraAustralia8 May 1992Paul KeatingPrime Minister of Australia, CanberraAustralia13 May 1992Jim BolgerPrime Minister of New Zealand,WillingtonNew Zealand13 May 1992Don McKinnonForeign Minister of New ZealandWillingtonNew Zealand11 June 1992 Carlos MenemPresident of Argentina, Buenos AiresCambodiaArgentina20 June 1992 Patricio AylwinPresident of Chile, SantiagoChile12 Sept. 1992 Dr. Shankar D. SharmaPresident of India, New DelhiIndia27 April 1993 Bill ClintonPresident of the US, Washington DCUSA27 April 1993 Al GoreVice President of the USUSA
2910 May 1993Dr. George CareyArchbishop of Canterbury, LondonUK12 May 1993Douglas HurdForeign Secretary of UK, LondonUK17 May 1993Lech WalesaPresident of Poland, WarsawPoland14 June 1993 Dr. Thomas KlestilPresident of Austria, ViennaAustria14 April 1994 John D. Waihee IIIGovernor of Hawaii, HonoluluUSA29 April 1994 Dr. Rita SussmuthPresident of the German ParliamentFrankfurtGermany4 June 1994H.R.H. Princess Juliana of HollandAmsterdamThe Netherlands5 July 1994Fruto Chamorro PerezPresident of Nicaragua, ManaguaNicaragua5 July 1994Ernesto LealForeign Minister of NicaraguaNicaragua15 May 1996Foreign Minister of DenmarkCopenhagenDenmark20 May 1996H.H. Pope John Paul IIVatican CityItaly23 May 1996Lena Hjelm-WalnForeign Minister of Sweden, StockholmSweden
3028 May 1996Bjorn Tore GodalForeign Minister of Norway, OsloNorway17 July 1996Douglas HurdForeign Secretary of UK, LondonUK20 Aug. 1996 Bishop Desmond TutuNobel Laureate, Cape TownSouth Africa21 Aug. 1996 Nelson MandelaPresident of South Africa, Cape TownSouth Africa23 Aug. 1996 F. W. de KlerkFormer President of South AfricaPretoriaSouth Africa11 Sept. 1996 Jim BolgerPrime Minister of New ZealandNew Zealand11 Sept. 1996 Don McKinnonForeign Minister of New Zealand,New Zealand14 Sept. 1996 John HowardPrime Minister of Australia14 Sept. 1996 Alexander DownerForeign Minister of Australia, Melbourne23 Oct. 1996 Dr. Klaus HanschPresident of the European ParliamentStrasbourg23 Oct. 1996Jacques SanterPresident of the EU, Strasbourg27 March 1997 Lee Teng-HuiPresident of Taiwan, TaipeiAustraliaAustraliaFranceFranceTaiwan
3123 April 1997 Bill ClintonPresident of the US, Washington DCUSA23 April 1997 Al GoreVice President of the US, Washington DCUSA23 April 1997 Madeline AlbrightUS Secretary of State, Washington DCUSA5 Sept. 1997Vaclav HavelPresident of the Czech Republic6 April 1998Mikhal GorbachevFormer President of USSR, KyotoJapan4 May 1998Bill RichardsonUS Ambassador to UN, New YorkUSA5 May 1998Mary RobinsonUN High Commissioner for Human RightsIreland7 May 1998Todd WhitmanGovernor of New Jersey, New JerseyUSA11 May 1998Jimmy CarterFormer President of the US, AtlantaUSA9 June 1998Wolfgang SchusselForeign Minister of Austria, ViennaAustriaCzech Republic17 June 1998 Laurent FabiusPresident of the French National AssemblyFrance10 Nov. 1998 Bill ClintonPresident of the US, Washington DCUSA10 Nov. 1998 Al GoreVice President of the US, Washington DCUSA
3210 Nov. 1998 Madeline AlbrightUS Secretary of State, Washington DCUSA8 Dec. 1998Jacques ChiracPresident of France, ParisFrance8 Dec. 1998Lionel JospinPrime Minister of France, ParisFrance8 Dec. 1998Kofi AnnanSecretary General of UN, ParisFrance8 Dec. 1998Mary RobinsonUN High Commissioner for HR, ParisFrance7 April 1999Fernando Henrique CordosoPresident of Brazil, BrasiliaBrazil13 April 1999 Eduardo FreiPresident of Chile, SantiagoChile4 May 1999Jean Luc DehaenePrime Minister of Belgium, BrusselsBelgium10 May 1999Tony BlairPrime Minister of UK, LondonUK11 May 1999Dr. George CareyArchbishop of Canterbury, LondonUK12 May 1999Robert CookForeign Secretary of UK, LondonUK12 May 1999H.R.H. Prince Charles of UKHighgroveUK16 June 1999 Joschka FisherForeign Minister of Germany, BonnGermany
3317 June 1999 Otto SchilyInterior Minister of Germany, BonnGermany18 Oct. 199
In 2001 the Tibetan parliament, on the advice of His Holiness the Dalai . 5 Lama, . The Buddhism of Tibet and the Key to the Middle Way, Wisdom Publications, London, 1975 4. . Ocean Of Wisdom,
