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Priority Action ReportFirearms and ToolmarksPhysics and PatternTodd WellerFebruary 2016
Subcommittee dy SmithSan Francisco PoliceDept Crime Lab3 yrsandy.smith@sfgov.orgVice ChairTodd WellerOakland Police Dept,Criminalistics Lab3 yrstweller@oaklandnet.comExecutiveSecretaryWendy GibsonVA Dept of ForensicScience3 yrsWendy.gibson@dfs.virginia.gov2
Subcommittee Members#NameOrganizationTermEmail1Steve ScottTN Bureau of Investigation Crime Lab2 yrssteve.scott@tn.gov2Mike NeelBATF4 yrsmichael.neel@atf.gov3Xiaoyu Alan ZhengNIST3 yrsalan.zheng@nist.gov4Ted Vorburger, PhDNIST2 yrstvtv@nist.gov5Eric CollinsContra Costa Co Sheriff Forensic Svcs4 yrsecoll@so.cccounty.us6Doug MurphyFBI3 yrsdouglas.murphy@ic.fbi.gov7Max Morris, PhDIA State U4 yrsmmorris@iastate.edu8Laura FlemingDallas Co SW Institute of Forensic Sci3 yrslaura.fleming@dallascounty.org9David WrightJohnson Co (KS) Sheriff's Criminalistics Lab2 yrsdavid.wright@jocogov.org10Chris MonturoMiami Valley Regional Crime Lab2 yrscaspian45@sbcglobal.net11Gabe HernandezMiami-Dade Police Dept3 yrsghernandez@mdpd.com12Erich SmithFBI4 yrserich.smith@ic.fbi.gov13James CarrollLos Angeles County Sheriff’s Office2 yrsjpcarrol@lasd.org14Mike HaagAlbuquerque Police Dept Crime Lab4 yrsmichael.haag@comcast.net15Ryan Lilien, MD, PhDCadre Research Labs3 yrsryan@cadreresearch.com3
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Employer Classification Mix1;5%Federal GovernmentState Government5; 26%Local GovernmentFFRDCAcademic9; 48%Private4; 21%5
Job Classification MixPractitioner1; 5%Researcher3; 16%R&D Technology PartnerEducator/TrainerQuality Assurance ManagerAttorneyJudgeOther15; 79%6
Discipline DescriptionThe Subcommittee on Firearms andToolmarks will focus on standards andguidelines related to the examination offirearm and toolmark evidence. Thisincludes the comparison of microscopictoolmarks on bullets, cartridge cases, andother ammunition components.Examinations may also include firearmfunction testing, serial number restoration,muzzle-to-object distance determination,tools, and toolmarks.7
Topic 1: Technology Development,Validation, and ImplementationPriority Level: Medium Provide standards for evaluating new measurement andcomparison methods to enhance the process of firearm andtoolmark examinations. Specify hardware quality assurance protocols and validationrequirements for software and statistical conclusions. Specify processes for utilizing new technologies in forensiclaboratories. This includes hit verification, virtual microscopy,inter-lab data exchange, dispute resolution, and training.Task Group Name: Technology Development, Validation, and ImplementationTask Group Chair Name: Ryan Lilien (chair)Members: Alan Zheng, Erich Smith, Dr. Nick PetracoAffiliate Members: Dr. Ben BachrachTask Group Chair Contact Information: ryan@cadreresearch.com8
Topic 1: Technology Development, Validation, and ImplementationRelevant DocumentsTitleOrganizationASCLD/LAB Methods for Validating Technologies and TechnicalProceduresISO 17025SWGDAM Validation Guidelines for DNA Analysis MethodsSWGDAMGeometric Product Specifications: Topography Measuring MethodsISO 25178-6,601-606,72Applications of Surface Metrology in Firearm Identification, Zheng,Soons, Vorburger, Song, Renegar, ThompsonSurface Topography:Metrology andProperties (2014)FBI Lab Operations Manual (various sections)FBI9
Topic 1: Technology Development, Validation, and ImplementationCommittee Action PlanPriority(high/med/low/)Approx.DeadlinePlanned ActionsAssigneeHighCOMPLETEDTopography Analysis andComparison Software forToolmarks – DRAFT DOCUMENTIn Review / EditTechnology Task GroupHighCOMPLETEDImplementation of 3DTechnologies in ForensicLaboratories – DRAFTDOCUMENTIn Review / EditTechnology Task GroupHighCOMPLETED3D Measurement Hardware andMeasurement Quality Control –DRAFT DOCUMENTIn Review / EditTechnology Task Group10
Topic 2: Firearm and ToolmarkExamination StandardsPriority Level: High Development of standard methods for the examination of firearmand toolmark evidenceTask Group Name: Firearm and Toolmark Examination StandardsTask Group Chair Name: David WrightMembers: Steve Scott, James CarrollAffiliate Members: Cassey AllenTask Group Chair Contact Information: david.wright@jocogov.org11
Topic 2: Firearm and Toolmark Examination StandardsRelevant DocumentsTitleOrganizationGuideline for the Documentation of Firearm ExaminationsSWGGUNGuidelines for Trigger Pull AnalysisSWGGUNGuidelines for Barrel and Overall Length Measurements for FirearmsSWGGUNForensic Examination Guidelines for SilencersSWGGUNGuidelines for the documentation of the examination of tools andtoolmarksSWGGUNGuidelines for the Documentation of the Examination of Ammunitionand Ammunition ComponentsSWGGUNGuideline for the Documentation of Firearm ExaminationsSWGGUN12
Topic 2: Firearm and Toolmark Examination StandardsCommittee Action PlanPriority(high/med/low/)Approx.DeadlinePlanned ActionsAssigneeHighCOMPLETEDStandard Guideline/Best Practice for theSafe Handling of Firearms and Ammunition– DRAFT DOCUMENTIn Review/EditFA Standards Task GroupHighStandard Test Method for the PhysicalExamination and Classification of FirearmsApril 2016FA Standards Task GroupHighStandard Test Method forFunction/Operability Testing of FirearmsApril 2016FA Standards Task GroupHighStandard Test Method for MeasuringTrigger Pull of FirearmsApril 2016FA Standards Task GroupHighStandard Test Method for MeasuringBarrel and Overall Length of FirearmsApril 2016FA Standards Task Group– in conjunction with UOMTask Group13
Topic 3: Uncertainty of MeasurementPriority Level: Medium Procedures to express the uncertainty for measurements ofphysical quantities that matter for firearm and toolmark analysis; Includes: issues associated with quantifying uncertainty in decisionmaking.Task Group Name: Uncertainty of MeasurementTask Group Chair Name: Dr. Ted VorburgerMembers: Chris Monturo, Dr. Max MorrisAffiliate Members: Dr. Nick PetracoTask Group Chair Contact Information: tvtv@nist.gov14
Topic 3: Uncertainty of MeasurementRelevant DocumentsTitleOrganizationPolicy on Measurement UncertaintyASCLD/LABMeasurement Uncertainty Estimation FormASCLD/LABGuide to the Expression of Uncertainty of MeasurementISO15
Topic 3: Uncertainty of MeasurementStandards/Guidelines to Move ForwardTitleOrganizationSuggested OSAC Process:(Registry, SDO, Canvass)SWGGUN Guidelines for Barrel and Overall LengthMeasurements for Firearms, 9/26/13(in cooperation with Task Group 2)SWGGUNIn processAmendments proposed to the above SWGGUNGuidelines:-Section entitled “Uncertainty for Barrel and OverallLength (B/OL) Measurements” (drafted)-Spreadsheet for estimating measurement uncertaintyfor B/OL with worked example (drafted).-Spreadsheet with example for calculating gaugerepeatability and reproducibility (GR&R) for B/OL(drafted).SWGGUNReview by Task Group 2and other SubcommitteeExperts16
Topic 3: Uncertainty of MeasurementCommittee Action PlanPriority(high/med/lo Actions – Completed and ncertainty for B/OL Measurement”and Two Spreadsheets– DRAFTEDJanuary 2016UOM Task GroupHighReview of “Uncertainty for B/OLMeasurement” and Two SpreadsheetsJuly 2016UOM Task Group – inconjunction with FAStandards Task GroupMediumNew Task: Consideration of statisticalTo bemethods for characterizingdeterminedprobabilities in courts of law forfirearm and toolmark issues. Reviewingliterature and compiling a list ofstrengths and weak points.17UOM Task Group
Topic 4: Training ProgramPriority Level: Medium Development of standard methods for a Training Program Outline Program for Firearms Identification and Toolmark Identification Inclusive of Serial Number Restoration & Muzzle-to-Object Determination Establish measures for Competency TestingTask Group Name: Training ProgramTask Group Chair Name: Gabe HernandezMembers: Laura Fleming, Denis Burke, James CarrollAffiliate Members: Jodi Marsanopoli, William DemuthTask Group Chair Contact Information: gahernandez@mdpd.com18
Topic 4: Training ProgramRelevant DocumentsTitleOrganizationRecommended Guidelines for Developing a Training ManualSWGGUNFirearm Examiner TrainingNational Forensic ScienceTechnology CenterTraining ManualAssociation of Firearmand Tool Mark Examiners19
Topic 4: Training ProgramCommittee Action PlanPriority(high/med/low/)Approx.DeadlinePlanned ActionsAssigneeHighMinimum Qualifications forFirearm and Toolmark ExaminerJune 2016Training Program TaskGroupHighMinimum Qualifications forFirearm and Toolmark ExaminerTraineeJune 2016Training Program TaskGroupHighRequired Material/Modules ofInstruction for Firearm andToolmark Examiner in TrainingAugust 2016Training Program TaskGroup20
Topic 5: Standard Criteria forIdentification, Documentation, andReportingPriority Level: High Development of minimum standards for: 1) the criteria used todraw conclusions regarding the identification or elimination of aquestioned toolmark to a known or the same unknown tool orfirearm (including an evaluation of potential subclasscharacteristics); 2) the supporting documentation for suchexaminations and conclusions; and 3) the reporting ofconclusionsTask Group Name: Standard Criteria for Identification, Documentation, andReportingTask Group Chair Name: Eric CollinsMembers: Mike Haag, Mike Neel, Max Morris, Doug MurphyAffiliates: John Murdock, Ron Nichols, Nancy McCombsTask Group Chair Contact Information: ecoll@so.cccounty.us21
Topic 5 Standard Criteria for Identification, Documentation, andReportingRelevant DocumentsTitleOrganizationAFTE Theory of IDAFTEAFTE Range of ConclusionsAFTEAFTE GlossaryAFTEAFTE Documentation Standard (2006)AFTEGuidelines for the Standardization of Comparison DocumentationSWGGUNElimination Factors Related to FA/TM ExaminationsSWGGUNGuidelines: Criteria for IdentificationSWGGUN22
Topic 5: Standard Criteria for Identification, Documentation, andReportingCommittee Action PlanPriority(high/med/low/)Approx.DeadlinePlanned ETEDHighCOMPLETEDHighCOMPLETEDHighStandard for Criteria for Identification –INITIAL DRAFTCriteria for Elimination – INITIAL DRAFTIn Review/EditEric Collins & John MurdockIn Review/EditMike Neel & John MurdockEvaluation of Subclass Characteristics –INITIAL DRAFTVerification of ID & Elimination – INITIALDRAFTExamination Documentation – INITIAL DRAFTIn Review/EditDoug MurphyIn Review/EditJohn Murdock, NancyMcCombs, Ron NicholsMike HaagReporting of ConclusionsApril 2016MediumTerminologyApril 201623In Review/EditEric Collins – in conjunctionwith Terminology Task GroupIn conjunction withTerminology Task Group andGlossary
Topic 6: Terminology / Report writingPriority Level: High Review existing glossaries to determine if terms and definitionsare appropriate and sufficient for use and make adjustments oradditions were necessary. Develop minimum report writingrequirements and standardized language.Task Group Name: TerminologyTask Group Chair Name: Denis BurkeMembers: N/ATask Group Chair Contact Information: denis.burke@nypd.org24
Topic 1: Technology Development, Validation, and ImplementationRelevant DocumentsTitleOrganizationAFTE GlossaryAFTESWGGUN GlossarySWGGUN25
Topic 6: Terminology / Report writingCommittee Action PlanPriority(high/med/low/)Approx.DeadlinePlanned ActionsAssigneeHighOSAC Subcommittee onFirearms and ToolmarksGlossaryCOMPLETEDTerminology TaskGroupHighEvaluate report wordingexamples from various membersof the OSAC to determineminimum requirementsOn HoldTerminology TaskGroupHighDevelop standardized reportwriting examplesOn HoldTerminology TaskGroup26
Additional Items of Interest In December 2015, the Subcommittee provided a written response to a seriesof questions asked by the President’s Council of Advisor’s on Science andTechnology (PCAST) The Committee recognizes the foundation laid by the work of SWGGUN andfully expects to expand on that groundwork to develop more robust andfunctioning standards for the Discipline All previous guidelines developed by SWGGUN were reviewed and with the exception ofvery specific guidelines the SWGGUN guidelines will be utilized as the basis for thestandards created To insure that work can be accomplished in a timely fashion it was by designto only create a few task groups so efforts can be concentrated on the mostimportant tasks first Other areas of interest to be covered by the Committee include: Certification of ExaminersContinuing Education of ExaminersScientific Method and it Use in Casework and ResearchResearch in the Discipline (current state and review – future needs)Testimony LanguageReference Libraries and Reference Collections27
Summary Task Groups have established reasonable, albeitpressing timelines Task groups have utilized virtual meetings to work oncompleting project objectives Committee as a whole is working diligently to producethe best documents to move forward through the SDOand Registry process The Academy Standards Board (AAFS) has been chosenas the SDO process for subcommittee documents The use of affiliate members has been greatlybeneficial in adding input from the community outsideof the subcommittee voting members Although ranked, the topic areas will be worked onconcurrently; however, some Task Groups given theirtopic area will be able to produce standards quickerand more frequently than some other Task Groups Each topic area was determined as the most pertinentareas needing standards within the Firearm andToolmark discipline Next in-person meeting July 201628RankTopic Area1Firearm and Toolmark ExaminationStandards2Terminology – Reporting ofConclusions3Criteria for Identification / Criteriafor Elimination4Uncertainty of Measurement5Training Standards6Technology Validation andImplementation
Wendy Gibson VA Dept of Forensic Science 3 yrs Wendy.gibson@dfs.virginia.gov 2. Subcommittee Members # Name Organization Ter m Email 1 Steve Scott TN Bureau of Investigation Crime Lab 2 yrs steve.scott@tn.gov 2 Mike Neel BATF 4 yrs michael.neel@atf.gov 3 Xiaoyu Alan Zheng NIST 3 yrs alan.zheng@nist.gov
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