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Prof. Michael WayPest Management - Holistic PestControl? 1. Origins and early methods of control Roy Bateman (BCCM)Started SilwoodMSc course (1960)Important researchon IPM, Aphisfabae, and otherinsectsIPM 1 2008Fact or Fiction? Pests and diseases are a direct result of theintensification of agricultureThe intensification of agriculture has led to theintensification of pest and disease problemsPest and disease problems are a direct resultof the use of synthetic pesticidesLarge monocultures are un-natural and lead topest and disease problemsSmall diverse cropping systems are pest anddisease freePest Control Time Line Small is beautifulAgricultural revolutionUse what you canBiological ControlBlast those pestsIntegrated Pest ManagementIntegrated Crop Management1. Small is Beautiful Cottage/home gardensDiversity rules Cottage/home gardensStrip farmingRotationsManpowerCultural controlPest Management 11
Example: cocoa productionCottage/home gardensExtensiveIntensiveCocoa productionCultural / Mechanical control methodsExtensive Often “organic bydefault”Low / no inputs“Machete technology”Sometimes landownership issuesTypical yield 200-500kg/haIntensive Fertiliser & pesticidesMuch greater rewards fortechnical improvement Control of croparchitecture Potential yield may be 2000 kg/ha Still the basis ofdisease & insectcontrol in manycrops?Small is Beautiful Diversity rules Cottage/home gardensStrip farmingRotationsManpowerCultural controlWhich is really more sustainable?Pest Management 12
Small is Beautiful Diversity rules Cottage gardensStrip farmingRotationsManpowerCultural controlSmall is Beautiful Diversity rules Cottage/home gardensStrip farmingRotationsManpowerCultural controlPest Management 13
Agricultural Revolution MachineryScientific methodRotations explainedBigger farmsBigger fieldsUse What You Can Plenty of labour Static scarecrowsBoys with sticksFirst Pesticides SulphurTar oilArsenic compoundsUse What You Can Plenty of labour Static scarecrowsBoys with sticksFirst Pesticides Sulphur (8-9th century BC ?)Arsenic compounds (15th century perhaps 10th century in China)Nicotine (17th century)Tar oils (18th century)Bordeaux mixture (1882)Pest Management 14
Homer (approx. 850 BC ?) - "pest-averting sulphur"Ingenious attempts physical barrierswww.wikipedia.orgIngenious attempts at “lure and kill”?FleabanePulicaria dysentericaIngenious attempts?Pest Management 15
and then camePest Management 16
Pest Management 1 1 Pest Management - Holistic Pest Control? 1. Origins and early methods of control Roy Bateman (BCCM) IPM_1 2008 Prof. Michael Way Started Silwood MSc course (1960) Important research on IPM, Aphis fabae, and other insects Fact or Fiction? Pests and diseases are a direct result of the intensification of agriculture
