Special Inspections:Special Inspections: An Update And .

Transcription

Special Inspections:An Update and CritiquePresented By:John R. Arnall, Jr, PESenior EngineerTommy Faulkner, PE, CCM,LEED APPresident

Agenda History of Special Inspections¾In the U.S.¾In N.C.C “Word on the Street”(i.e. Top 10 Points of Confusion) Conclusion and Summary

History of Special Inspections in the U.S Hyatt Regency & L' Ambiance Plaza114 people killedAtt hAttachmentt detaild t il off steelt l walkwaylkJune, 1981Kansas City, Missouri28 workers killedLift slabl b constructiont tiApril, 1987Bridgeport, Connecticut

History of Special Inspections in the U.S 1982 US House Sub-Committee onScience and Technology studiesStructural Failures 1984 the Sub-Committee presentsreport of findings1 Need for improved1.communications during theconstruction process2. Need for Construction Inspection 1988 Special Inspections adopted inBOCA 2000 Chapter 17 of the IBC wasadopted as the IBC was created fromthe legacy codes (UBC, BOCA, SBC)

History of Special Inspections in NC In 2002 NCSBC adopts the IBC with Chapter 17included (with the discretion language) In January 2003 SCO is first in NC to require SIfor projects within their jurisdiction SinceSi2003 a varietyi t off programmaticti guidelinesid lihave been developed by several NC jurisdictionsincluding but not limited to:New Hanover,, Mecklenburg,g, Catawba,, Guilford,,Raleigh, Wake County In March of 2007 Special Inspections becamemandatory with change in “discretion”discretion language

Section 1704 – Special Inspections 1704.1.2 Special Inspections Requirement1. Buildings or other Structures listed in table 1604.5 in occupancycategory II if:1.1. Building height exceeds 45 feet or three stories, or1.2. The building is an underground building per section 405.12. Buildings or other structures listed in Table 1604.5 in occupancyCategories III or IV3. Piles, Piers or Special Foundations4. Retaining walls exceeding 5 feet height per section 1806.25. Smoke Control and Smoke Exhaust Systems6. Spray Fire Resistant Materials or7. Special cases described in Section 1704.13

Synopsisy p of Table 1604.5:Occupancy Category I - Structures that represent lowhazard to human lifeOccupancy Category II - Structures except those listed incategories I, III and IVOccupancy Category III - Structures that represent asubstantial hazard to human lifeOccupancy Category IV - Structures designated asessential facilities

“Word on the Street”

1. The Statement of Special Inspections1Should be Written by the Structural Engineerof Record.

Materials / Systems that may RequireSpecial Inspections Smoke Control SystemsySpray-FireproofingIntumescent Fire CoatingsEIFSExterior Wall PanelsSuspended CeilingsElectrical EquipmentHVAC and Piping carrying hazardous or toxic materialsRoofingg Systemsyand much more

1. The Statement of Special Inspections1Should be Written by the Structural Engineerof Record.1. The Statement of Special Inspections should bewritten by the design team (each member using theirrespective expertise) with this activity being led by thePrime Designer.

2. Adherence to the QBS process is not2required for Special Inspections

NC Administrative Code107.51075 Special InspectionsInspections. Special Inspections required by thebuilding code or the building inspector shall be performed by a NorthCarolina registered design professional or an inspector under hisresponsible charge.

2. Adherence to the QBS process is not2required for Special Inspections.2. Adherence to the QBS process is requiredfor Special Inspections.

3. Procurement of Special Inspections is3Required through the Designer of Record.

Two Key Options are Available forProcurement of SI:1 The Special Inspector may be selected as a1.Qualified Independent Firm2. The Special Inspector may be selected throughthe designer’s contract** Although only two “key procurement options” exist theresulting potential contractual relationships with designers,Materials testing Agents and Special Inspections Providerscan be widely varied.

Examples :1. SI is contracted with a single Independent Firmwho will also provide CMT2. SI is contracted with a single Independent Firm,however a separate firm will provide CMT3. SI is contracted with multiple Independent Firms(based on expertise) some with CMT somewithout4. SI is contracted with the design team and thedesign team hires sub-consultants to perform therequired Inspections5. SI is contracted with the design team and thedesigndesg firmss peperformo aall oof ttheeSSI.6. More

3. Procurement of Special Inspections is3Required through the Designer of Record.3. Procurement of Special Inspections can beperformed though one of two “fundamental options”with multiple variations.variations

4. The Designer of Record knows the4drawings better than anyone and as a resultis best suited to be the Special Inspector ofRRecord.d

Qualification of the Agents of the SpecialInspector: StructuralStt l StSteell BBoltinglti anddWWeldingldiICCNICETEIFS and Other Specialty SystemsSmokeSo e CoControlo aanddOOthere Mechanicalec a ca SysSystemse s

4. The Designer of Record knows thedrawingsg better than anyoneyand as a resultis best suited to be the Special Inspector ofRecord.4. The Designer of Record was selected through aQBS process as a result of their designcapabilities.bili iWhenWh selectingl ia SpecialSi l InspectorIcareful consideration should be given to“InspectionpQualifications.”

5. The Statement of Special Inspections5can/should limit the frequency of periodicinspections.

Chapter 17 Definition:Special Inspection, Periodic. The part-time ori tintermittentitt t observationbti off workk requiringi i speciali linspection by an approved special inspector whois present in the area where the work has beenor is being performed and at the completion ofthe work.

5. The statement of Special Inspectionscan/should limit the frequencyqy of pperiodicinspections.5. The Statement of Special Inspections should5never limit the frequency of periodicinspections. The discretion of periodicityshouldh ld remaini withith theth SpecialSi l InspectorIt offRecord and should be based in part on thequalityqy of previouslypy inspectedpwork.

6. Special Inspections should only be6performed when requested by the contractor

6. Special Inspections should only be6performed when requested by the contractor6. Periodic Special Inspections should beperformed when requested by the contractorand on an intermittent basis to assureconsistent quality of construction.

7. Special Inspections fees can be budgeted7for 1% of total constructed cost.

Special Inspections Budget Considerations: Structural Frame Material TypeSize of ProjectUltimate Use of Completed BuildingSeismic Design CategoryWind ExposurepCategoryg yDeep FoundationsSchedule of ConstructionQuality Control Program

7. Special Inspections fees can be budgetedfor 1% of total constructed cost.cost7. Special Inspections fees may be budgeted7for 1% during pre-design, however, furtherbudgeting exercises will prove useful throughDD tto more accuratelyt l anticipateti i t SI fees.f

8. Special Inspections is just an additional8layer of cost on a building project.

Σ γi Qi φ RnQ Nominal LoadR Nominal Strengthγ Load Factorφ Resistance Factor (Strength Reduction Factor)

Excerpt from 1997 UBC:2107.1.2 Allowable Masonry Stresses.When qqualityy assurance pprovisions do notinclude requirements for special inspectionsthe allowable stresses for masonry in section2107 (Working Stress Design of Masonry)shall be reduced by one half.

8. Special Inspections is just another layer of8cost on a building project.8. Special Inspections is Quality Assurance ofconstructed building elements which has resultedin an increased certainty of material performanceperformance.This certainty has allowed for cost savings throughthe reduction of safety factors.

9. The Special Inspector’s9Inspector s contract may beheld by the contractor.

NCSBC Section 17031703, Approved Agency:1703.1.1 – Independence. shall be objective, competentand independentpfrom the contractor responsiblepfor thework being inspected 1703.1.2 – Equipment.Equipment shallshall have adequate equipment toperform tests 1703.1.317031 3 – Personnel.Personnel shallshall employ experienced personneleducated in conducting, supervising and evaluating testsand/or inspections.

9. The Special Inspector’s9Inspector s contract may beheld by the contractor.9. To maintain “Independence” the Special Inspector’scontract cannot be held by the contractor.

10. Special Inspections are required only for10the specific systems called out in Chapter 17.

1704.13 SpecialpCases. SpecialpInspectionspshall berequired for proposed work that is, in the opinion of thebuilding official, unusual in its nature, such as but notlimited to the following examples:1. Construction materials and systems that arealternatives to materials and systems prescribed by thiscode.2. Unusual design applications of materials described inthis code3. Materials and systems required to be installed inaccordance with manufacturer’s instructions that arenot prescribed in this code

Examples of Special Case SpecialInspections: fire-caulkingsteam pipe installationsprinkler systemsstandpipe systemssite storm drainage and moremore

10. Special Inspections are required only forthe specificpsystemsycalled out in Chapterp 17.10. Special Inspections of materials and systems10s stemsother than specifically prescribed in Chapter 17may be required per SCO requirement / approval.

Conclusion / Summary1. Special Inspections is not just Structural anymore 2. Special Inspections is a Professional Service and therefore required tobe procured through QBS3. Special Inspections is a critical element of the State ConstructionBuilding process

Tommy Faulkner, PE, CCM,LEED APPresidenttfaulkner@falconengineers.com(919) 871-0800John R. Arnall, Jr, PESenior Engineerjrarnall@mactec.com(336) 294-4221

Lift l b t ti 114 people killed Att h t d t il f t l lk Lift slab construction April, 1987 Bridgeport, Connecticut Attachment detail of steel walkway June, 1981 Kansas City, Missouri. History of Special Inspections in the U.S 1982 US House Sub-Committee on Science and Technology studies Structural Failures 1984 the Sub-Committee presents report of findings 1. Need for improvedNeed for .