Transcription
FIRSTAIDPOCKET GUIDE
This booklet is not intended to replace proper first aid or CPR training.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, withoutprior written permission from The Canadian Red Cross Society.The Canadian Red Cross Society has made reasonable efforts to ensurethe contents of this publication are accurate and reflect the latest inavailable scientific research on the topic as of the date published. Theinformation contained in this publication may change as new scientificresearch becomes available. Certain techniques described in thispublication are designed for use in lifesaving situations. However, theCanadian Red Cross Society cannot guarantee that the use of suchtechniques will prevent personal injury or loss of life.
FIRST AID POCKET GUIDE:Designed to fit in your pocket or be kept ina safe place in your home or vehicle, thisguide will help you respond to a wide range ofemergency situations.GET CERTIFIED:For official First Aid and CPR training info, visit:redcross.ca/learnfirstaidDOWNLOAD OURFIRST AID APP:redcross.ca/firstaidapp
Recognize and ActCHECKAirway, breathing& circulationCAREProvide care andreassuranceCALL911/Poison Control
CHECKCHECK THE AIRWAY:If the person is unresponsive, tilt the head backand lift the chin to open the airway.CHECK BREATHING:Check for normal breathing. Someone who canspeak or cry is breathing.CHECK CIRCULATION:Look from head to toe for deadly bleeding andsigns of shock. If the person is unconscious, isbreathing, and has no obvious injuries, roll theperson onto his or her side and wait for help.
CPR/AED1. Call EMS/9112. Check breathing. Tilttheir head backwards andlook and feel for breaths.3. Do 30 compressions If theperson is not breathing.Push hard and fast in thecentre of the chest.4. Open the airway by tiltingthe head back and liftingthe chin. Pinch their nostrilsclosed and give 2 breaths.5. Continue the cycle of 30compressions and 2 breathsuntil an AED arrives or moreadvanced care takes over
Heart attackASA1. Symptoms of a heart attack includepersistent chest pain, or isolatedunexplained discomfort in arms, neck,jaw, back or stomach. Call EMS/911 ifperson is experiencing these symptoms.ASA2. Have the person chew 1 regular strengthor 2 low dose ASA tablets. NOTE: Aspirinis a brand name3. Make sure they are in a comfortableposition for them e.g. sitting on chairor floor and leaning against a wall.Give them constant reassurance whilewaiting for an ambulance.
Choking1. A person who is choking cannot cough,speak or breath. Call EMS/911 if personis choking.5X2. Place your arm across the person’schest. Bend the person forward anddeliver up to 5 blows between theshoulder blades3. Alternate between any 2 of the followingmethods until the object comes out:back blows, abdominal thrusts andchest thrusts.
Cuts and Scrapes1. Call 911 and refer to Life-threateningbleeding page if bleeding is heavy.2. Minor cuts and scrapes can be washedby rinsing under clean running waterfor 5 minutes. Antibiotic cream canbe applied afterwards.3. Bandage the wound with clean,preferably sterile, dressings. If bloodsoaks through the bandage anothershould be applied on top of the original.
Life-threatening bleeding1. Bleeding can be internal or external.Call EMS/911 if person is bleeding heavily.If the person looks pale, feels cold and isdizzy, they are likely going into shock.2. Put pressure on the wound with whatever isavailable to slow down the flow of blood. Ifblood soaks through the bandage anothershould be applied on top of the original.If direct pressure does not control thebleeding, consider using a tourniquet.3. Bandage and keep pressure on wounduntil help arrives. If amputation hasoccurred, find amputated part, wrap inclean cloth, place in plastic bag, keep coolwithout putting directly on ice.
Bone, muscle, and joint injury1. Common injuries are fractures,dislocations, sprains and strains. CallEMS/911 if person has a severe injury.2. The steps for caring for this type ofinjury are the RICE (rest, immobilize,cool, elevate) method. First make surethe injury is supported and they are in acomfortable position for them.ICCEKPA3. Then apply an ice pack and elevatethe injury. This will help reduce theswelling and pain.
Head, neck, and spinal injury1. Leave the person in the position he orshe was found then call EMS/911. Onlymove the person if there are immediatedangers or the position stops you fromcaring for life-threatening conditions.2. If person is unconscious or unable tomove make sure their head and spinemoves as little as possible by placing yourhands on both sides of the their head. Theperson can support his/her own head ifthey are responsive and able to.3. Signs of a serious head injury orconcussion could be confusion,drowsiness, or vomiting.
Heat-related illness1. Symptoms may include hot or red skin,seizures, coma, severe headache,altered behaviour and rapid and shallowbreathing. Call EMS/911 if person isexperiencing these symptoms.2. Move the person to a cooler place andloosen tight clothing. Give them smallamounts of cool water only if they arealert.3. Options for rapid cooling are: immersebody in cool water, immerse forearmsin cool water, pour water over torso orfan skin.
Mental Health Crisis1. Symptoms can include shortness ofbreath, racing of heart, chest pains,confusion, sense of fear and feeling aloss of control. Call EMS/911 if personis experiencing these symptoms.2. Show you are listening and calmly askhow you can help. Provide reassurance,comfort, and support.3. Help the person calm down by raisingand lowering your arms slowly whileinstructing the person to inhale whenyou raise your arms and exhaling as youlower them.
Anaphylaxis1. Signs of anaphylaxis range from:dizziness, rashes, swelling of hands/feet/face, shortness of breath, vomitingand diarrhea. Call EMS/911 if person isexperiencing these symptoms.2. Make sure they are in a comfortableposition for them e.g. sitting on chair orfloor and leaning against a wall. Give themconstant reassurance while waiting for anambulance.3. Help anaphylactic person use autoinjection/EpiPen if they have one.
Diabetic emergency1. Symptoms include: not fully awake,seizure, and conditions not improvingwithin 10 minutes. Call EMS/911 ifconditions do not improve within10 minutes.2. Provide food or drink that contains sugar,such as orange juice, sugar tablets,candy or a non-diet drink.3. Make sure they are in a comfortableposition for them and reassure theperson until help arrives.
Cold-related illness1. Person may be disoriented, shivering,pale, cold to the touch and have impairedmovement.2. Warm the person slowly while givingthem constant reassurance.warm slowly3. If person is outside, get them inside andreplace any wet clothes with dry clothes.If the person is experiencing any form ofhypothermia (mild to severe) they need tobe kept horizontal and not stand or walk.
StrokeSYMPTOMS OF STROKE: F.A.S.T.Face: There is weaknesson one side of the face.Arms: They can’t raiseboth arms.Speech: Hard to understand,they have difficulty understandingothers or loss of speechTime: If they have any orall the symptoms call 911.
Poisons1. Signs of poisoning include vomiting,abdominal pain, altered level ofresponsiveness or difficulty breathing.If a person has the last two symptomscall 911 and get an AED. Otherwise callpoison control.2. If possible, establish what they havetaken. A person can be poisoned byseveral things e.g. plants, berries,medicine, drugs, toxic chemicals.3. Call poison control. Do not make themsick or give then anything to drink unlesspoison control has provided instructionsto do so.
CONTACT:1-877-356-3226wecare@redcross.caFOR MORE INFO:redcross.ca/morefirstaid
FIRST AID POCKET GUIDE: Designed to fit in your pocket or be kept in a safe place in your home or vehic
