Of Public Administration And Governance

Transcription

Selected Proceedings from the Annual Conference of theNetwork of Asia-Pacific Schools and Institutesof Public Administration and Governance(NAPSIPAG)Edited byRaza AhmadBeijing, People’s Republic of China5–7 December 2005China National Schoolof Administration

iiThe Role of Public Administration in Building a Harmonious Society 2006 Asian Development Bank, Network of Asia-Pacific Schoolsand Institutes of Public Administration and GovernanceAll rights reserved. Published 2006.Printed in the Philippines.ISBN 978-971-561-616-4Publication Stock No. 110506The views expressed in this handbook are those of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank(ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent, andthe Network of Asia-Pacific Schools and Institutes of Public Administrationand Governance (NAPSIPAG).ADB and NAPSIPAG do not guarantee the accuracy of the data includedin this publication and accept no responsibility for any consequence oftheir use.Use of the term “country” does not imply any judgment by the authors,ADB, or NAPSIPAG as to the legal or other status of any territorial entity.NAPSIPAG

IntroductioniiiTable of ory Papers1Democratization and State Capacity in East and Southeast Asia3IAN MARSHThe Role of the Chinese Government in Buildinga Harmonious Society19BO GUILISession 1 – Enlarging Citizen Participation and IncreasingAutonomy of Local Government in Achieving Societal HarmonyOn the Organizational Framework for Citizens’ Participationin the People’s Republic of China2527CHU SONGYANQualitative Participation and Social Harmony: A Studyof the Literacy Movement in West Bengal (India)40RABINDRANATH BHATTACHARYYAEnlarging Entrepreneurial Networks of Local Citizensin Backward Regions of India57AMITA SINGHLocal Governance, Decentralization, and Participatory Planningin Indonesia: Seeking a New Path to a Harmonious Society69IDA WIDIANINGSIHCitizens’ Participation in Local Budgeting: The Case of Mongolia90BYAMBAYAR YADAMSURENRelationship between the Size of Local Governmentand Citizen Participation in Sri Lanka103M. H. AJANTHA SISIRA KUMARA andWASANA S. HANDAPANGODANAPSIPAG

ivThe Role of Public Administration in Building a Harmonious SocietyLocal Government Structures for Strengthening SocietalHarmony in Tanzania: Some Lessons for Reflection123MUJWAHUZI NJUNWASession 2 - Public Administration Strategies that Helpor Hinder Societal HarmonyChanging Relationship with Government: Contractsor Partnerships in the Delivery of Community Services137139JO BAULDERSTONETargeted Public Distribution System: Lessons from a FoodDeficit State in India161JAYA S. ANANDRole of Public Administration in Facilitating RuralTelecommunications and ICT171REKHA JAINPower, Public Administration, and Poverty: An Inquiryinto the Rural Employment Program in India196BISWATOSH SAHA and RAM KUMAR KAKANICombating Poverty and Exclusion in Nepal221TEK NATH DHAKALThe Quality of Public Sector Managementand Economic Inequality239M. KHALID NADEEM KHAN and SYED ABU AHMAD AKIFManaging Diversity in the Philippines: Is GovernmentWorking Hard Enough to Provide Services in Equal Ways?271EDUARDO T. GONZALEZReducing Socioeconomic Inequality in Uzbekistan307ALISHER R. YUNUSOVSession 3 - Innovations in Governance and Public Serviceto Achieve a Harmonious SocietyThe Impact of Poor Governance on Foreign Direct Investment:The Bangladesh ExperienceQUAMRUL ALAM, MOHAMMAD EMDAD ULLAH MIAN,and ROBERT F. I. SMITHNAPSIPAG319321

ContentsE-governance in Bangladesh: A Scrutinyfrom the Citizens’ Perspectivev346SHAH MOHAMMAD SANAUL HOQUEInnovations in Governance and Service Delivery:E-government Experiments in Malaysia366NOORE ALAM SIDDIQUEEInnovative Tools in the Governance of Public Servicesand their Implementation in a Developing Country, Cambodia385CHHIV YISEANG and ISABELLE THOMASBuilding a Harmonious Entrepreneurial Ecology:An Understanding Based on the Emerging Experienceof the People’s Republic of China398LI GUOJUNPerformance-based Budgeting in China: A Case Studyof Guangdong410MEILI NIU, ALFRED HO, and JUN MARole of E-governance in Tackling Corruption:The Indian Experience434R. D. PATHAK and R. S. PRASADInnovations in Governance and Public Service:The Case of Andhra Pradesh State in India464SEETA MISHRA, R. K. MISHRA, and J. KIRINMAIThe Proper Role of Government in Natural ResourcesManagement in Indonesia475MULYADI SUMARTOBuilding a Performance-based Management System:Increasing the Impact of Community Engagementin Local Authorities489SUHAIMI SHAHNONEngaging Societies: Institutionalizing a Consultative Mechanismto Improve Governance508HASHIM YAACOB and NORMA MANSORInstitutional Change in Mongolia: Balancing Waves of Reform515TSEDEV DAMIRAN and RICHARD PRATTNAPSIPAG

viThe Role of Public Administration in Building a Harmonious SocietySession 4 - Constraints and Challenges Arising fromDemographic Transitions/ImbalancesLabor Migration in the Kyrgyz Republic and Its Socialand Economic Consequences547549ROMAN MOGILEVSKYConstraints and Challenges Arising from DemographicTransitions and Imbalances: Pakistan at the Crossroads555AQILA KHAWAJASession 5 - Conflict Resolution and Peace-Building Mechanismsfor Public AdministrationProblems of Democratic Consolidation in Bangladesh:A Cultural Explanation567569TAIABUR RAHMANRole of Alternative Dispute Resolution Methodsin the Development of Society: Lok Adalat in India589ANURAG K. AGARWALUsing Q-methodology to Resolve Conflictsand Find Solutions to Contentious Policy Issues601DAN DURNINGSession 6 - Health Care for the Poor in AsiaHealth Care for the Poor in India with Special Referenceto Punjab State621623B.S. GHUMAN and AKSHAT MEHTAHealth Care for the Poor and the Millennium DevelopmentGoals: A Case Study of Pakistan634SARFRAZ H. KHAWAJAOpportunities and Challenges in the Local Governanceof Public Health644VICTORIA A. BAUTISTABuilding the Public Health Emergency Management Systemof the People’s Republic of ChinaMENGZHONG ZHANG and JIANHUA ZHANGNAPSIPAG662

ContentsSession 7 - Special Session on the Teachingof Public Administration and PolicyInnovations in Teaching Public Policy and Management:The Case of ANZSOG’s EMPA Programvii675677DEIRDRE O’NEILLThe Problem-based Learning Approach: Issues and Concerns692LUVISMIN SY-AVESTeaching Problem-based Data Analysis to PublicAdministration Students: A Reinforcement of Statisticsand Research Methods in the MPA Program699ESTER L. RAAGASAssessment Center Simulation as Problem-based Learning Toolfor the MPA Program: A Field Study in Taipei,China709IRVING YI-FENG HUANGNAPSIPAG

viiiThe Role of Public Administration in Building a Harmonious SocietyAcknowledgmentsSeveral members of the Asian Development Bank (ADB)’s seniormanagement have actively supported the evolution of NAPSIPAG and theorganization of this conference. In particular, mention should be made ofMs. Kathleen Moktan, Director, Capacity Development and GovernanceDivision in the Regional and Sustainable Development Department (RSDD).It would be pertinent to note the contributions of Mr. Jak Jabes, the formerDirector, Capacity Development and Governance Division who oversaw thebirth of this network and its nurturing until October 2005; Ms. Eden Santiago,who ably managed the secretariat functions at ADB until early 2006; and theofficials of the China School of National Administration, led by Dr. YuanShuhong who made exceptional arrangements in Beijing for the success ofthis 2005 conference. Thanks are also due to Ms. Asha Newsum, former ADBstaff for her inputs during the conference, and to Dr. Claudia Buentjen, SeniorCapacity Development Specialist, ADB, for her useful advice on the role ofnetworks in fostering capacity development.The assistance of workshop conveners and NAPSIPAG steeringcommittee members comprising Dr. R.K. Mishra of the Institute of PublicEnterprise, Osmania University, Hyderabad, as well as Dr. Alex Brillantes,and Dr. Joel Mangahas of the National College of Public Administration andGovernance, University of the Philippines, must be acknowledged for carefullyundertaking the first round of selecting the papers. Due to constraints ofspace and to maintain thematic harmony and maximum regional participation,we could not include all the papers submitted at the 2005 conference. However,we wish to extend our profound gratitude to the academicians and practitionersfrom the Asia and Pacific region, who provided invaluable contributionsthrough their research papers and made the Annual Conference a success.The exclusion of several papers is by no means a comment on the quality ofthe papers that could not be included in this volume.Finally, the National Institute of Public Administration (INTAN),Malaysia and its Director, Dr. Hj. Malek Shah Bin Hj. Mohd Yusoff and Dr.Mohd Gazali Abas, Executive Director, NAPSIPAG must be profusely thankedfor their valuable advice and support. A large measure of NAPSIPAG’s successis attributable to the leadership and human resources that INTAN has providedover the past year while managing the network’s secretariat.We would like to thank Mary Ann Asico and Aldwin Sutarez (from theADB’s RSDD-Knowledge Management Center) for competently copyeditingand managing the logistics of publishing this volume, respectively. ADB’sDepartment of External Relations provided continued support and advice inputting this volume together and steering it to the publishing stage.NAPSIPAG

IntroductionixIntroductionGlobalization and the advancements in information and communicationtechnology (ICT) during the 1980s and 1990s facilitated the growth inknowledge or learning networks. 1 These networks have significantlycontributed in creating and expanding knowledge-based economies andsocieties2 wherein performance culture and higher productivity are maintainedthrough continuous build up, diffusion, and utilization of information andknowledge.Learning or knowledge networks are increasingly referred to in theinnovation literature as “soft infrastructure” required to support innovationsystems as opposed to “hard infrastructure” of traditional organizations/enterprises.3 Effective networks bring about faster development of new ideas,products, and services and better optimization of research and developmentinvestment. They also maximize the knowledge potential of an organization/enterprise as well as its responsiveness and adaptability.Further, knowledge networks provide development practitioners withaccess to cutting-edge advice and information in their respective fields andacross sectors and disciplines. Typically these networks are established as aresult of, or lead up to, a learning program or event although they can standalone. Through the aid of information and communication technology, theybring together communities of practice in a wide range of subjects providingelectronic discussions and websites to encourage research and disseminate bestpractices and lessons learned. 4The success of knowledge networks depends on their development intoa space for innovation, experimentation, and learning. These networks canboost the knowledge base, learning processes, and civil society actors’ capacityto generate and advocate proposals. Development practitioners claim thatcapacity development, institution building, advocacy, and societal change areunthinkable without considerable investment in improving networking andlearning among relevant development actors. This is why development agenciesinvest in networking among their partners to enable civil society both globallyand locally to play a strong role in shaping the ideas and knowledge thatdetermine our future.5 In line with this thrust on networking, the AsianDevelopment Bank (ADB) supported the creation of a regional networkfocusing on cross-learning and knowledge sharing. We elaborate on this inthe following section.NAPSIPAG

xThe Role of Public Administration in Building a Harmonious SocietyEmergence of NAPSIPAGRecognizing the potential of schools and institutes of publicadministration as potentially powerful advisory resource to strengthengovernance and public management in the Asia-Pacific Region, ADB fosteredthe Network of Asia-Pacific Schools and Institutes of Public Administrationand Governance (NAPSIPAG). Driven by its Governance Policy of 1995,6ADB perceived that such a network would bring together regional institutionswhose strength was inherent in their acceptability, influence, and localknowledge that could make them locally sustainable and powerful changeagents in the region. NAPSIPAG, as it is popularly known, is emerging into athriving network of schools and institutes of public administration that seeksto enhance the quality of public administration in the Asia-Pacific region byenhancing the capacities of its national [and subnational] governments topromote good governance, through practical, relevant, and responsive training,education, and research.Furthermore, ADB, by supporting such a network to address theknowledge management and regional cooperation gap within the region,fulfilled its mandated role to catalyze greater regional cooperation and exchangeof good practices for development.After 2 years of regional dialogue and exchange, NAPSIPAG was launchedin December 2004 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia with over a hundred institutionscommitting to such an enterprise.7 NAPSIPAG aims to transform into aregional hub with the capacity to: (i) support effective capacity-developmentinterventions with member institutes on a sustainable basis; (ii) encouragethe sharing of expertise and good practices; (iii) assist the member institutesin the continuing expansion of the frontiers of public administration throughresearch, knowledge-sharing and other initiatives; (iv) and foster collaborationbetween and among the member institutes and individuals with commonobjectives and interests. The long-term goal of creating the network is toenhance the capa

Power, Public Administration, and Poverty: An Inquiry into the Rural Employment Program in India 196 BISWATOSH SAHA and RAM KUMAR KAKANI Combating Poverty and Exclusion in Nepal 221 TEK NATH DHAKAL The Quality of Public Sector Management and Economic Inequality 239 M. KHALID NADEEM KHAN and SYED ABU AHMAD AKIF Managing Diversity in the Philippines: Is Government