WIXLIB

JSC 29259NASAJOHNSON SPACE CENTERAnimal Care and UseHandbookJohnson Space CenterAnimal Care and Use Handbook2001

DateAuthor:APPROVAL SIGNATURESDarla Schmitt, ACF Lab AssociateJSC ACF Facility ManagerApprovers:John Boyd, M.S.Attending VeterinarianTerry Blasdel, D.V.M.NASA Chief VeterinarianMS211/Alex Dunlap, D.V.M.9DateDateCONCURRENCEWyle Toxicology Supervisor Thomas F. Limero, Ph.D.NASA, Director, Space andLife SciencesJSC IACUC ChairmanDavid R. Williams, M.D.John T. James, Ph.D.REVISION HISTORYRev. No.-Effective DateDescription of ChangeInitial ReleaseAuthor(s)D. Schmitt9

iPrefacePurpose of This HandbookA core of knowledge about the ethical and humane care and use of animals in instruction and researchis essential. Researchers, their staffs (including both permanent and temporary workers), contractors,subcontractors, grantees, and others who work with animals have an obligation to know about lawsgoverning the ethical concerns relevant to the care and use of animals and to be familiar with theguidelines and policies established by Johnson Space Center, scientific societies and othergovernment agencies.This Handbook is designed to help meet these obligations and to provide you with information aboutJohnson Space Center's Animal Care Facility, and the services offered.Johnson Space Center is committed to the ethical and humane care and use of animals and eachperson must share responsibility in meeting that commitment.AcknowledgmentWe thank our colleagues at other institutions that freely provided some of the material presented here.Persons in Laboratory Animal Science traditionally share information, published or unpublished,because we share the belief that the animals used in instruction and research are totally dependentupon us for their care and well-being.Much effort has been made to ensure that the information provided herein is accurate. If, however,errors of any kind are identified, please notify the Animal Care Facility Manager (281-483-2846) orthe Animal Care Facility Office (281-483-8800).This Handbook is considered a “living document,” subject to change in the light of new informationand changing conditions.

iiTABLE OF CONTENTS1 ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS . 1Public Health Service Policy on the Humane Care and Use of Laboratory. 6Animals (NIH Policy) l.htm). 6.5Animal Acquisition and Transfer.24All animal laboratories are considered controlled areas. Only individuals who have had theanimal handler's medical examination and the orientation program on experimental animalsare permitted in laboratories and the immediately surrounding areas when animals arepresent. 25The legal requirements for appropriate care and humane treatment of experimental animalsapply not only to animals housed in the ACF, but also to animals when they are inInvestigators' laboratories. Thus, in the laboratory, all of the requirements outlined in thismanual apply. 25Veterinary care is an essential part of an animal care program. Adequate veterinary careconsists of:. 44MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTING OF THE ACF. 50MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTING IS PERFORMED ANNUALLY BY THE WYLELABORATORIES MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY IN BUILDING 37, ROOM 1022. THEFOLLOWING SAMPLES ARE ANALYZED:. 50APPENDIX B-6. 54BASELINE CARE AND HUSBANDRY CONDITIONS - RODENTS .54Standard Environmental Conditions for Rodents at JSC ACF. 54

iiiFIGURESFigure 1: Rodent Identification by Ear MarkingLIST OF APPENDICESAPPENDIX AAPPENDIX BAPPENDIX B-1APPENDIX B-2APPENDIX B-3APPENDIX B-4APPENDIX B-5APPENDIX B-6APPENDIX CAPPENDIX DAPPENDIX EAPPENDIX FAPPENDIX GAPPENDIX HSTATEMENT OF COMPLIANCEGENERAL CLEANING PROCEDURESOPERATION OF CAGE WASHERMICROBIOLOGICAL TESTINGCLEANING PROCEDURES FOR ANIMAL CAGESCONTROLLED SUBSTANCES/DRUG POLICYMEDICAL EXAMINATION FOR ANIMAL CONTACTBASELINE CARE AND HUSBANDRY CONDITIONSANIMAL USE PROTOCOLAPPLICATION FOR ACCESS TO JSC/NASA ANIMAL FACILITYPROCEDURE RECORDS/POST-OPERATIVE OBSERVATIONSANIMAL PROCUREMENT REQUESTMONITORING REPORT FOR REFRIGERATORS/FREEZERSCHEMICAL ORDER FORMTABLESOrganization ChartBuilding 37 Floor PlanAnimal Facility Floor Plan

i1 Acronyms and DefinitionsAAALACAssociation for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory AnimalCare, InternationalAALASAmerican Association for Laboratory Animal ScienceACFAnimal Care Facility at NASA Ames Research CenterACLAMAmerican College of Laboratory Animal MedicineAPHISAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceJSCAmes Research CenterAVMAAmerican Veterinary Medical AssociationAWICAnimal Welfare Information CenterCDCCenters for Disease ControlCFRCode of Federal RegulationsDEADrug Enforcement AgencyDOIDepartment of the InteriorEPAEnvironmental Protection AgencyFDAFood and Drug AdministrationGLPGood Laboratory PracticesGuide (the) NRC Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory AnimalsHHSDepartment of Health and Human ServicesHVACHeating, Ventilation and Air ConditioningIACUCInstitutional Animal Care and Use CommitteeILARInstitute of Laboratory Animal ResourcesIOMInstitute of MedicineIRACInteragency Research Animal CommitteeJSCJohnson Space Center (Houston)KSCKennedy Space Center (Florida)NAENational Academy of EngineeringNALNASNIHNIH PolicyNational Agriculture LibraryNational Academy of SciencesNational Institute of HealthPublic Health Service Policy on the Humane Care and Use of LaboratoryAnimalsNPDNASA Policy DirectiveNPGNASA Policy GuideNRCNational Research CouncilNRC Guide NRC Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory AnimalsNSFNational Science FoundationOLAWOffice of Laboratory Animal Welfare

iiOSHAPHSPHS ActPIPOCREACSDHSSOPUSDAWIOccupational Safety and Health AdministrationPublic Health ServicePublic Health Service Act (Public Law 99-158)Principal InvestigatorPoint of Contact IndividualRegulatory Enforcement and Animal CareState Department of Health ServicesStandard Operating ProceduresU.S. Department of AgricultureWork Instruction2 Ethics and the Care and Use of Animals at Johnson Space CenterJohnson Space Center recognizes this Handbook as a common point of referencein addressing ethical concerns within discussions, evaluations and theimplementation of all policies and procedures concerning the care and use ofanimals at JSC by all JSC investigators, their staffs (including both permanent andtemporary), contractors, subcontractors, grantees and others.JSC recognizes the legitimacy, importance and sensitivity of the public debateconcerning the ethics of animal care and use. We further recognize that within thisdebate there are a number of legitimate and responsible perspectives and manyunresolved issues. We recognize that legitimate concerns and views are expressedin various ways -- including the concept of animal rights and the consideration ofanimal use versus the significant enhancement of human and animal life. We,therefore, commit ourselves to be a respectful and responsible party within thison-going public debate.Our role in the care and use of animals carries the responsibility to effectivelymeet the needs of the animals in our charge while actively seeking and employingmethods that embody respect for the life of animals.1NASA Principles for the Ethical Care and Use of Animals (TheSundowner Report) October, 1996.2IntroductionOnly the strongest possible allegiance to principles of bioethics can offer asound basis for any discussion of responsible research. As reflected in theearliest considerations of the National Commission for the Protection ofHuman Subjects, "scientific research has produced substantial socialbenefits .[and] some troubling ethical questions" (The Belmont Report,1979). The Belmont Report identified fundamental principles underlyingthe ethical evaluation of research involving human subjects. Similarly, theprinciples governing the ethical evaluation of the use of animals inresearch must be made equally explicit.

iiiVertebrate animals deserve moral concern. The following principles areoffered to guide careful and considered discussion of the ethicalchallenges that arise in the course of animal research, a process that mustbalance risks, burdens and benefits. NASA will abide by these principlesas well as all applicable laws and policies that govern the ethical use ofanimals (see list at end). It is recognized that awareness of these principleswill not prevent conflicts. These principles are also not meant to prescribedefinite procedures for resolving such conflicts but rather to provide aframework within which challenges can be addressed in a rational manner.

iv2.3Basic PrinciplesThe use of animals in research involves responsibility for the stewardship of theanimals, and responsibility to the scientific community and society. Stewardshipis a universal responsibility that extends beyond the immediate use of the animalsfor research to include their acquisition, care and disposition while responsibilityto the scientific community and society requires an appropriate understanding of,and sensitivity to scientific needs and community attitudes toward the use ofanimals.Among the basic principles generally accepted in our culture, three areparticularly relevant to the ethics of research using animals: respect for life,societal benefit and nonmaleficence.2.1Respect for LifeLiving creatures deserve respect. This principle requires thatanimals used in research should be of an appropriate species andhealth status and should involve the minimum number required toobtain valid scientific results. It also recognizes that the use ofdifferent species may raise different ethical concerns. Selection ofappropriate species should consider cognitive capacity and othermorally relevant factors. Additionally, methods such asmathematical modes, computer simulation, and in vitro systemsshould be considered and used whenever possible.2.2Societal BenefitThe advancement of biological knowledge and improvements inthe protection of the health and well being of both humans andother animals provide strong justification for biomedical andbehavioral research. This principle entails that where animals areused, the assessment of the overall ethical value of such use shouldinclude consideration of the full range of potential societal goods,the populations affected, and the burdens that are expected to beborne by the subjects of the research.2.3NonmaleficenceVertebrate animals are sentient. This principle entails that theminimization of distress, pain and suffering is a moral imperative.Unless the contrary is established, investigators should considerthat procedures that cause pain or distress in humans may causepain or distress in other sentient animals.2.4Cited DocumentsBelmont Report, 1979Animal Welfare Act (Public Law 89-544 as amended)Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of VertebrateAnimals Used In Testing, Research, and Training, Developed byIRAC and endorsed by the Public Health Service Policy on theHumane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 1985