Evaluation Of The Cost Impact Of 2018 ICC Prescriptive .

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Evaluation of the Cost Impact of 2018 ICC Prescriptive Code ChangesRINKER‐CR‐2018‐103Final Report1 June 2018Submitted toMo MadaniDepartment of Business and Professional Regulation1940 North Monroe StreetTallahassee, FL 32399AuthorsR. Raymond Issa, PhD Civil Eng., JD, PE, F ASCE, API (University of Florida)Mark Aaby, PE and Steve Walsh (Koffel Associates)John Chyz, PE (Affiliated Engineers Inc.)Russel Walters, PhD Electrical Engineering (University of Florida)Copyright 2018 Center for Advanced Construction Information Modeling/University of FloridaAll Rights Reserved.CACIMRinker SchoolUniversity of FloridaBox 115703Gainesville, FL 32611‐5703www.bcn.ufl.edu/cacim

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TABLE OF CONTENTSpageExecutive Summary1Overview1Scope of Work2MEP Code Changes Cost Impact4IBC-Fire Safety Changes Cost Impact4NEC Changes Cost Impact5Structural Code Changes Cost Impact6Building Information Models and Associated Cost Impacts7Conclusions and Recommendations38APPENDIX A - Table 1. 2018 IBC MEP Changes Cost Impact39APPENDIX B - Table 2. 2018 IEBC Mechanical Changes Cost Impact54APPENDIX C - Table 3. 2018 IECC Commercial Changes Cost Impact61APPENDIX D - Table 4. 2018 IECC Residential Changes Cost Impact142APPENDIX E - Table 5. 2018 IFGC Changes Cost Impact149APPENDIX F - Table 6. 2018 IMC Changes Cost Impact155APPENDIX G - Table 7. 2018 IPC Changes Cost Impact194APPENDIX H - Table 8. 2018 IRC Mechanical Changes Cost Impact315APPENDIX I - Table 9. 2018 IRC Plumbing Changes Cost Impact234APPENDIX J - Table 10. Fire Protection and Life Safety Change Cost Impact239APPENDIX K - Table 11. 2017 National Electric Code Change Summary273APPENDIX L - Table 12. 2018 IBC Structural Changes Cost Impact376APPENDIX M - Table 13. 2018 IRC Structural Changes Cost Impact388APPENDIX N – DISCLAIMER - Probable Construction Costs Opinions398

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe study examined the 2018 ICC Code changes (including: International BuildingCode (IBC); International Residential Code (IRC); International Energy ConservationCode; International Mechanical Code; International Plumbing Code; International FuelGas Code; International Code for Existing Buildings; and National Electrical Code) andtheir cost impact on the 2015 International Building Codes as incorporated in 2017 FloridaBuilding Code (effective December 31, 2017).The I-Codes 2018 changes that are prescriptive in nature and have the potentialof changing the cost of construction were identified and used in a standard set ofprototypes of two residential and five commercial/institutional building information modelsto determine the impact of these code changes on their construction costs. RS Means2017 Cost data for the Orlando Region was used to price these prototype buildings. Modelbased quantities were used and verified along with some SF style estimates from RSmeans for certain systems that were not fully defined in the prototype BIM models. Basedon these construction cost estimates, it was determined that the relative increase in costdue to the prescriptive 2018 ICC code changes ranged from approximately 4.24% for theRetail building prototype to approximately 18.05% for the Mid-rise 20-story apartmentbuilding. The estimated relative change in cost for the residences was approximately16.28% for the 1-story house to approximately 12.12% for the 2-story house.The average changes in cost were 7.57% for the commercial/institutional buildingsand 14.20% for the residences. Across all the samples, the largest potential code impactcame from the 2018 code change G123-15, which adds group R-2 cooking appliance tokitchens and from the 2018 IECC CE223-16 code that updates two motor efficiency tablesto be consistent with the new federal standards.Future research should focus on the use of the developed models and estimatesto evaluate future code changes. In addition, workshop webinars should be promoted tointroduce and encourage designers, builders and other code change petitioners to usethe models to prospectively evaluate the cost impact of their proposed code changes.Finally, the modeling of other type of buildings should be explored to develop an evenmore diverse set of building models.1

OverviewThis research provides an assessment of the potential cost impacts of the 2018 I-Codechanges to the 2015 International Building Codes as incorporated in 2017 Florida BuildingCode (effective December 31, 2017) by identifying those code changes/provisions thatare prescriptive in nature and have the potential of adding cost to construction and byestimating the costs of the rest of the code changes using good engineering judgmentand feedback from general contractors and consulting. A standard set of baselineresidential and commercial building designs are modeled using building informationmodeling (BIM) and are used to produce cost estimates and extract the cost impact ofcode changes. Figure 1 shows the general process used to conduct this research.Figure 1. Research PlanIf any of the information gathered is seen as providing clear direction for one or morecode recommendations, the recommendation(s) will also be written up and presented tothe Commission. Effort will be made to provide a preliminary draft report by 15 April 2018.2

Scope of WorkTaska. RS shall review/analyze the approved 2018 I-Code changes and changes to theNEC to identify those code changes/provisions that are prescriptive in nature andhave the potential of adding cost to construction.b. RS shall review available literature/studies on the subject of estimating the costs ofthe code changes to the 2018 I-Codes including the ICC code proceedings/codehearings. Information gathered from this task shall be used to document potentialcost impacts and benefits for the code changes as identified in “a.” and asapplicable.c. RS shall estimate the construction cost impacts of those provisions that are notcovered under “b.” using good engineering judgment and feedback from generalcontractors and consulting engineers.d. RS shall use the set of baseline residential and commercial building designsconfigured for the 2018 I-codes to determine the cost impact of code changes.e. RS shall use building information modeling (BIM) tools developed under the 2015I-Codes “as amended via the 6th Edition (2017) FBC” and 2018 I-Codes to produce:f. RS shall use the information in “e.” and cost databases to produce cost estimatesand extract cost impact of changes on the reference houses and commercialbuildings.3

MEP Code Changes Cost ImpactAffiliated Engineers SE Inc. (AEI) has undertaken a study aimed at evaluating the costimpact that will result from the state of Florida’s adoption of the 2018 Edition of theInternational Building Code (IBC). AEI’s primary responsibility resided in evaluating theapplicable MEP related changes that have occurred between the 2015 Edition and the2018 Edition of the IBC and their cost impact and benefit.Findings1. Of the 2018 I Codes reviewed with respect to mechanical, electrical and plumbing(MEP) systems, the majority of impactful changes were observed in the InternationalEnergy Conservation Code. It many instances, code change proponents have notedthe long-term energy savings expected from code changes with increased first costs.2. A significant proportion of code changes across all I-Codes offer revised language forclarity and consistency.3. Consistent across all relevant I-Codes was the transition away from brass and bronzefittings to coper alloy counterparts.4. A significant portion of the International Energy Conservation Code changes havebeen adopted to align respective codes more closely with ASHRAE 90.1 and/orcurrent federal minimum efficiency standards.5. The IMC featured several code changes whereby product standards tables have beenupdated to reflect those most current.6. Overall trends in the commercial sector point towards the specification of mechanicaland electrical equipment with more superior efficiency ratings, the addition of controlpoints and/or revision of sequences and the further clarification of existing codelanguage.The supporting appendices Tables 1-9 (APPENDIX A - I) provide further detail andelaboration on the above-listed key observations.International Building Code (IBC-FPC) Changes Cost ImpactKoffel Associates, Inc. has undertaken a study aimed at evaluating the cost impact thatwill result from the state of Florida’s adoption of the 2018 Edition of the InternationalBuilding Code (IBC).FindingsApproximately 67% of the code changes identified in the table result in no cost impact.The remaining code changes, identified as a decrease or increase cost impact, result in7% and 27%, respectively, of the total code changes summarized. Accordingly, there isan overall cost increase in applying the 2018 Edition of the IBC to the five buildingsstudied. Roughly speaking, the decreases add up to 334,000 in total and the increasesadd up to 1,430,000.4

For the IBC changes that reference other ICC codes or NFPA 1, 70, or 101, a cursoryreview of the respective ICC Code or the aforementioned NFPA Code or Standard sectionthat is referenced by the IBC change was reviewed for the degree to which it affects thecost impact to the five buildings considered as part of this study. Such referenced Codeand Standard changes imposing a significant cost impact are included in Table 10(APPENDIX J).NEC Changes Cost ImpactNEC Changes Cost ImpactA review of the changes to the 2017 National Electric Code (NEC) was completed byexamining each change and the corresponding committee notes. Where the changeswere deemed to have a cost impact on construction a value was determined byconsidering the change between the 2017 and 2014 code versions. Material pricedifferentials were based on retail prices and the wages were based on the prevailing wagereports of the U.S. Department of Labor.FindingsMany of the changes to the code were due to editorial changes to improve readability andstyle consistency. Many others were made so that the NEC rules align with other codesand standards. Some of changes impacted large portions of the code. These include: The term “Listed and Labeled” was added throughout the code to ensure that materialand equipment must be “listed” by a nationally recognized testing agency have a“label” attached to the item so that the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) determinethat the item is acceptable. The threshold voltage between low and medium voltages was raised from 600V to1,000V. Cables are generally allowed where conductors are allowed, so "and cables" wasgenerally added to "conductors"Additional improvements to Arc Flash mitigation were introduced by requiring ladling ofequipment with available fault current and calculations available to the AHJ.Five new articles were introduced to adjust to current trends. Although these will help toimprove safety, a cost assessment was difficult to ascertain. 425 - Fixed Resistance and Electrode Industrial Process Heating Equipment 691 - Large-Scale Photovoltaic (PV) Electric Power Production Facility 706 - Energy Storage Systems 710 - Stand-Alone Systems 712 - Direct Current MicrogridsTable 11 (Appendix K) provides further detail and elaboration on the cost impactobservations.5

Structural Code Changes Cost ImpactThe RS has undertaken a study aimed at evaluating the cost impact that will result fromthe state of Florida’s adoption of the 2018 Edition of the International Building Code (IBC).RS took primary responsibility in evaluating the applicable Structural Engineering relatedchanges that have occurred between the 2015 Edition and the 2018 Edition of the IBCand IRC.FindingsThere were very few prescriptive cost impact changes and several were related to seismicrequirements.Tables 12-13 (Appendix L-M) provide further detail and elaboration on the above-listedkey observations.6

Building Information Models and Associated Cost ImpactsA comparison of the cost impact of changing from the 2012 to 2015 I-Codes isshown in Table A. The cost impact of the 2015 ICC code changes ranged fromapproximately 2.76% for the Retail building to approximately 12.43% for the Mid-riseApartment building with an average of 8.31% for the commercial/institutional buildingsand an average of 8.51% for the residences.Table B is a comparison of the cost impact of changing from the 2012 to 2015 ICodes with the addition of the Florida specific changes. The cost impact of the 2015 FLspecific code changes ranged from approximately 3.83% for the Retail building toapproximately 12.26% for the Small Hotel building with an average of 8.51% for thecommercial/institutional buildings and an average of 8.33% for the residences.Table C is a comparison of the cost impact of changing from the 2015 FL specificcode changes to the 2018 I-Codes. The cost impact of the 2018 ICC code changesranged from approximately 4.24% for the Retail building to approximately 18.05% for theMid-rise Apartment building with an average of 7.57% for the commercial/institutionalbuildings and an average of 14.20% for the residences. Each building type is discusse

RS shall review/analyze the approved 2018 I-Code changes and changes to the NEC to identify those code changes/provisions that are prescriptive in nature and have the potential of adding cost to construction. b. RS shall review available literature/studies on the subject of estimating the costs of the code changes to the 2018 I-Codes including the ICC code proceedings/code hearings. Informatio