WIXLIB

1

SIZING AND PLANNING A LAUNDRYTABLE OF CONTENTSSECTION 1 BASIC INFORMATIONMachine nomenclatureCylinder volumeLoad factor"G" forces"G" forcesMoisture retentionWater pressureEstimated peak water flow ratesProper piping sizeConversion factorsWater hardnessHow to size a water softenerSizing drain troughsFuel-Unit of measureNatural gasCalculating natural gas required to heat waterSizing a water heaterLP gasButaneNo. 2 (diesel) oilNo. 6 (bunker) oilBoiler horsepowerSteam pressureSizing a boilerElectricityMotor full load currents chartsElectricityLinen cart capacity chart2

SECTION 2 SPACE ALLOCATIONLaundry space allocationSECTION 3 LINEN ARTICLES WEIGHTSTypical linen items and weightsWeight of textile rental itemsSECTION 4 LAUNDRY TASK INFORMATION FORMSHotel/MotelPrisonNursing HomeHospitalSECTION 5 SIZING WASHROOM EQUIPMENTGuidelines for sizing wash room equipmentDefining the taskHotel/MotelNursing HomeNursing HomeHospitalPrisonPrisonDivision of workSizing washroom equipment1-Washer-Extractors2-Batch washers3-Automatic batch dryer sizingSECTION 6 FUNDAMENTAL WASH CHEMISTRYWaterWashing chemicalsSurfactantsAlkaliesBleachesFinishing chemicalsAntichlorSours3

SECTION 6 FUNDAMENTAL WASH CHEMISTRYFabric softenersSizingWash stepsFlushesBreakBleach sudsRinsingTemperatureNumber of rinse bathsDilutionAntichlorsSour bathsExtractionSECTION 7 CONVERSION TABLESTablesSECTION 8 WATER CHARTSData Sheets by Model NumberSECTION 9 TERMINOLOGYGlossary of textile items used by LSAA4

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK5

BASIC INFORMATIONNOMENCLATURE42044 Washer ExtractorFirst 2 digits (42) Cylinder Diameter (inches)Last 2 digits (44) Cylinder Depth (inches)Note: Other American Manufacturers use the same formatCYLINDER VOLUMEFormula:CDI Cylinder Diameter in inchesCd Cylinder depth in inchesCDI * CDI * cd CYLINDER VOLUME ( ft 3 )2,20042" Diameter * 42" Diameter * 44" Depth 35.28 ft 32,200LOAD FACTORFormula:CWGW Clean Weight of Goods in Washer (lbs)CV Cylinder Volume (ft3)CWGW Load FactorCVExample:42044WP2 Washer Extractor Load Size 200 lbs42044WP2 Washer Extractor Cylinder Volume 35.28 ft3.200 Pound Load 5.66 Pounds per Ft 3 .35.28 Cu FtNote:1.A generally accepted load factor (lbs of Linen/ft3 of CylinderVolume) is between 5.50 to 6.50 lbs.6

2.High bulk goods, like the new micro denier fabric for surgical items, require themachine to be under loaded to 65% of its capacity.3.Dense goods, like walk-on-mats permit the overloading of the machine by 30%."G" FORCESDEFINITION:A Measure of Extraction's Efficiency to Remove Water.Formula:CRPM Cylinder Revolutions per minuteCD Cylinder Diameter (Expressed in inches)CRPM * CRPM * CD " G" FORCES70,500Example:42044 WP2 with 700 RPM Final Extract Speed42" Cylinder Diameter700 RPM * 700 RPM * 42" Diameter 292 " G ' s"70,500Note:1.2.3.The higher the "G" force, the greater the centrifugal force exerted on the goods.One "G" equals 1 times the force of gravity.Other factors which may affect Extraction are:**Final bath temperature**Final bath chemicals**Length of extraction time**Type of goods (towels/sheets)**Ambient air humidity**% of cylinder open area to close area**Size of basket perforations**Type of material (cotton, 50/50)**Thickness of the load**Altitude of installationWATERMOISTURERETENTION:The amount of water contained in the linens after the final extraction. Expressed as a %of the dry weight of the goods being washed.7

NOTE:The DIN (German Industrial Norm, the equivalent of our American StandardAssociation) method adds 5% to the weight of dry textiles to account for the ambienthumidity. This method assumes that goods that have been dried will, when allowed tosit on a shelf, absorb 5% of their bone dry weight.MOISTURERETENTION:Formula:American Norm (Bone dry method)WGAX Weight of Goods after extractionDWG: Dry weight of goods((WGAX DWG ) * 100) % Moisture retentionDWGExample:42044 WP2 Washer Extractor310 lbs Weight of goods after extraction200 lbs dry weight of goods((310 200) * 100) 55% Moisture retention200Formula:European Norm (DIN Method)WGAX Weight of goods after extractionDWG5 Dry weight of goods plus 5% of its weight((WGAX DWG5) * 100) % Moisture retentionDWG5Example:42044 WP2 Washer Extractor310 lbs Weight of goods after extraction10 lbs 5% of 200 lbs of Dry Weight((310 (200 10)) * 100) 47.62% Moisture retention(200 10)200 lbs Dry weight of goodsWATERPRESSURE:The recommended water pressure is a range of 40 psi to 60 psi. Below 40, the washerextractor has to wait too long to fill. Above 60, there is the possibility of water hammer.8

Air operated water valves, on MILNOR large (standard) and small (optional) machines,have a closing adjustment which helps to minimize the water hammer problem.ESTIMATEDPEAK WATERFLOW RATES:In multiple machine installation, the maximum flow rate will occur when all inletvalves open simultaneously. But using this criteria would result in over design andcostly installation. Therefore, we use the following rule of thumb:1.2.The flow rate required by the largest machine in the installation, ORThe flow rate equivalent to one third of all machines filling simultaneously.We recommend the use of whichever results in the largest flow rate of the two options.The ideal flow rate will allow a machine to reach rinse level, which is usually thehighest level, in approximately 60 seconds. Filling in less than 60 seconds may resultin water hammer, particularly in the long runs of pipe.EXAMPLE:A laundry with 4 washer extractors, each requiring 40 gallons for the rinse level. Thetotal number of gallons if all machines filled simultaneously would be:40 gallons X 4 machines 160 gallonsApplying rule #1:Applying rule #240 gallons flow of largest machine160 gallons 3 53 gallonsTherefore, we would choose 53 gallons since it is the larger of the two values (40gallons and 53 gallons).PROPERPIPE SIZE:For multiple washer extractor installations, each water line should be sized according tothe following rules:A size larger than the largest water inlet valve in the installation, OR1.A size larger than the one third of the total area of all the water valves2.connected to the line.We recommend the use of whichever results in the largest flow rate.CONVERSIONFACTORS:1 gallon of water 8.33 lbs in weight1 cubic foot of water 7.48 gallons1 cubic foot of water 62.425 lbs in weight9

WATER HARDNESSHOW IT'SMEASURED:Grains of hardness OR parts per millionDegree HardnessSoftSlightly hardModerately hardHardVery hardNOTE:Grains per US GallonLess than 1.001.0 to 3.53.5 to 7.07.0 to 10.510.5 and overParts per MillionLess than 17.117.1 to 6060 to 120120 to 180180 and overWhat we call hardness is really calcium and magnesium salts in water. These minerals mayresult in deposit build-up on heat transfer surfaces and pipes thereby reducing efficiency. Asoftener is recommended when the degree of hardness exceeds 3.00 grains because chemicalcosts increase disproportionately as the water becomes harder.SIZING A WATERSOFTENER:1.Determine the hardness of the water supply. In most cases the municipal water workswill be glad to provide the information. Water softener companies will do freeanalysis. Call them for a sample bottle.2.Compute the amount of water required per day, the peak water flow rate (see estimatedpeak water flow rate") and the grain hardness that must be removed from the calculatedamount of water.3.A softener must be chosen with a capacity (gallons/regeneration) and a peak flow rateequal to or greater than the one required for the laundry. Ideally the regeneratingcapacity (number of grains of hardnessremoved in a given period of time) shouldpermit the softener to be regenerated once every day. If the regenerating capacity ofthe softener is not sufficient and requires more than one regeneration per day, then adual softener should be used.4.The salt requirement may be calculated using the formula below.FORMULA:THG Total hardness in grains(THG 1000) x 0.50 lbs of saltSIZING DRAIN10

TROUGHS:1.Determine the maximum amount of water to be dumped at one time. This isusually at the rinse operation which normally is the highest water level.2.Divide the total number of gallons by 7.48 to obtain the number of ft3 requiredto hold the given amount of water.3.Starting with a width of 14" and an initial depth of 12", find the lengthnecessary to obtain the required ft3 to hold the amount of water being dumped.4.The bottom of the trough should be sloped toward the drain, at 0.25 of an inchper linear foot. If the slope is too steep, the slope can be reduced to no less than0.12 of an inch per linear foot.5.The drain trough should be empty by the time the next large amount of water isdumped. The trough's drain must be sized properly to accomplish this.EXAMPLE:175 gallons are being dumped at one time.The width of the drain trough is 1.167 ft (14")The initial depth of the trough is 1.0 ft (12")The trough's drain is 4" diameter pipe175 Gallons 23.40 ft 37.48 Gallons per ft 323.40 Ft 3 20 ft 31.0 * 1.167@0.25" slope, the end of the trough would be 17" deep@0.12" slope, the end of the trough would be 14.50" deepFUEL11

UNIT OFMEASUREMENT:British Thermal Unit (Btu)- Amount of heat required to raise one pound ofwater one degree Fahrenheit.NATURALGAS:High heat (US Standard)1,000 Btu/ft3 (Approx.)Low Heat (European Standard)880 Btu/ft3 (Approx.)Therm 100,000 BtuMCF 1,000 ft3 10 Therms (Approx.)NOTE:Local natural gas supplier will provide actual Btu content of the natural gas itproduces. The Btu content of natural gas will vary over time, even from thesame source.CALCULATING NATURAL GAS REQUIRED TO HEAT WATER:FORMULA:HWT Hot water temperature (degrees Fahrenheit)IWT Incoming water temperature (degrees Fahrenheit)Gallons per hour * 8.33 ( Lbs per Gallon) * ( HWT IWT ) Btu per Hour (input )Water Heater Efficiency Factor (Typically 85% 95%)EXAMPLE:1,800 gallons of water required per hour70% of total water required to be heatedTemperature of hot water to be 180 FTemperature of incoming water is 45 FEfficiency factor of heating system is 85%(1,800 * 70) * 8.33 * ( 180 45) 1,666,980 Btu per Hour (input )85%Find number of Btu/Hour (input) required to heat water?FUEL12

Find number of Btu/Hour (input) required to heat water?1,666,980 Btu per Hour 16.67 Therms of Gas100,000 Btu per ThermSIZING A GASWATER HEATER:1.Match as close as possible the heater's Btu input to the calculatedBtu/Hour (input). Otherwise, the heater will not have the capacity tomeet the water heating requirements.2.The storage tank of the heater should have a minimum capacity equal toone half of the hourly requirement. The most desirable situation shouldbe for the storage tank to have 75% capacity of the hourly requirement.LP Gas:91,630 Btu per US gallon21,611 Btu per pound4.24 lbs per US gallonButane:1 cubic foot 3,200 BtuNo. 2Diesel Oil:1 US gallon 138,000 BtuNo. 6Bunker Oil:1 US gallon 142,000 BtuSTEAMBOILER HORSEPOWER (BHP):Work required to convert 34.50 lbs of water per hour from a liquid at 212 F tosteam at 212 F and 0 lbs gauge pressure.BHP 33,500 BtuBHP 34.50 lbs of steam1 Pound of steam 971.01 BtuSTEAM PRESSURE:Normal laundry steam pressure ranges between 100 to 125 PSI. Higherpressures may cause steam inlet valves to malfunction, because they are tryingto open against too high a pressure.FORMULA:13