Transportation Technician Qualification Program EMBANKMENT .

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Transportation TechnicianQualification ProgramEMBANKMENT & BASEIN-PLACE DENSITYInstructor Guide

EMBANKMENT AND BASEWAQTCCONTENTSIN-PLACE DENSITYTABLE OF CONTENTSChapter12SectionPagePreface. iiiForward .vGuidance for Course Evaluation Form . viiCourse Evaluation Form . ixCourse Objectives and Schedule (Embankment and Base) . xiLearning Objectives . xiCourse Outline and Suggested Schedule . xiiCourse Objectives and Schedule (In-Place Density) . xviLearning Objectives . xviCourse Outline and Suggested Schedule . xviiQuality Assurance Concepts . 1-1Background on Measurements and Calculations . 1-3Introduction . 1-3Units: Metric vs. English . 1-3Mass vs. Weight . 1-4Balances and Scales . 1-5Rounding . 1-6Significant Figures . 1-7Accuracy and Precision. 1-9Tolerance. 1-10Summary . 1-12Terminology . 1-13Safety . 1-23Random Sampling of Construction Materials. 1-25Basics of Compaction and Density Control . 2-1Introduction . 2-1Fine-Grained Soils . 2-2Coarse-Grained Soils . 2-3Correction for Oversize Material . 2-4Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement . 2-4Summary . 2-5Field Operating Procedures3EB TOCAASHTO T 255Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying; andAASHTO T 265Laboratory Determination of Moisture Content of Soils . 3-1E&B/ID-iOctober 2011

EMBANKMENT AND BASEWAQTCCONTENTSIN-PLACE DENSITYChapter45SectionPageAASHTO T 99Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb)Rammer and 305-mm (12-in.) Drop;AASHTO T 180Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb)Rammer and 457-mm (18-in.) Drop . 4-1AASHTO T 272Family of Curves – One-Point Method . 5-16AASHTO T 85Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate . 6-17AASHTO T 224Correction for Coarse Particles in the Soil Compaction Test . 7-18Instruction on Use of AKDOT & PF ATM-212, ITD T-74,WSDOT TM 606, or WFLHD Humphreys Curves . 8-19AASHTO T 310In-Place Density and Moisture Content of Soil andSoil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) . 9-110AASHTO T 209Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density ofBituminous Paving Mixtures . 10-111AASHTO T 166Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Bituminous MixturesUsing Saturated Surface-Dry Specimens . 11-112WAQTC TM 8In-Place Density of Bituminous Mixes Using the NuclearMoisture-Density Gauge . 12-113 thru 2324EB TOCAppendix A – Field Operating Procedures - Short FormAppendix B – AASHTO and WAQTC Test MethodsE&B/ID-iiOctober 2011

EMBANKMENT AND BASEIN-PLACE DENSITYWAQTCPREFACEPREFACEThis module is one of a set developed for the Western Alliance for QualityTransportation Construction (WAQTC). WAQTC is an alliance supported by thewestern state Transportation Departments, along with the Federal HighwayAdministration (FHWA) and the Western Federal Lands Highway Division (WFLHD) ofFHWA. WAQTC’s charter includes the following mission.MISSIONProvide continuously improving quality in transportation construction.Through our partnership, we will: Promote an atmosphere of trust, cooperation, and communication betweengovernment agencies and with the private sector. Assure personnel are qualified. Respond to the requirements of identified needs and new technologies that impact theproducts that we provide.BACKGROUNDThere are two significant driving forces behind the development of the WAQTCqualification program. One, there is a trend to the use of quality control/quality assurance(QC/QA) specifications. QC/QA specifications include qualification requirements for acontractor’s QC personnel and will be requiring WAQTC qualified technicians. Two,Federal regulation on materials sampling and testing (23 CFR 637, Quality AssuranceProcedures for Construction, published in June 1995) mandates that by June 29, 2000 alltesting technicians whose results are used as part of the acceptance decision shall bequalified. In addition, the regulation allows the use of contractor test results to be used aspart of the acceptance decision.OBJECTIVESWAQTC’s objectives for its Transportation Technician Qualification Program includethe following: To provide highly skilled, knowledgeable materials sampling and testing technicians. To promote uniformity and consistency in testing. To provide reciprocity for qualified testing technicians between states. To create a harmonious working atmosphere between public and private employeesbased upon trust, open communication, and equality of qualifications.Training and qualification of transportation technicians is required for several reasons. Itwill increase the knowledge of laboratory, production, and field technicians — bothEB PrefaceE&B/ID-iiiOctober 2011

EMBANKMENT AND BASEIN-PLACE DENSITYWAQTCPREFACEindustry and agency personnel — and increase the number of available, qualified testers.It will reduce problems associated with test result differences. Regional qualificationeliminates the issue of reciprocity between states and allows qualified QC technicians tocross state lines without having the concern or need to be requalified by a differentprogram.The WAQTC Steering CommitteeEB PrefaceE&B/ID-ivOctober 2011

EMBANKMENT AND BASEIN-PLACE DENSITYWAQTCFORWARDFOREWORDThis module is one of five developed for the Western Alliance for Quality TransportationConstruction (WAQTC) by AGRA Earth & Environmental, Inc. (AEE). These moduleswere developed to satisfy the training requirements prescribed by WAQTC fortechnicians involved in transportation projects. The five modules cover the areas of: Aggregate Concrete Asphalt Embankment and Base In-place DensityThe modules are based upon AASHTO test methods along with procedures developed byWAQTC. They are narrative in style, illustrated, and include step-by-step instruction.There are review questions at the end of each test procedure, which are intended toreinforce the participants’ understanding and help participants prepare for the finalwritten and performance exams. Performance exam check lists are also included. Theappendices include the corresponding AASHTO and WAQTC test methods.Each module is in loose-leaf form. This allows updated and state-specific information tobe added, as necessary. It will be the technician’s responsibility to stay current aschanges are made to this living document.The comments and suggestions of every participant are essential to the continued successand high standards of the Transportation Technician Qualification Program. Please takethe time to fill out the Course Evaluation Form as the course progresses and hand it in onthe last day of class. If you need additional room to fully convey your thoughts, pleaseuse the back of the form.The WAQTC Steering CommitteeEB ForewardE&B/ID-vOctober 2011

EMBANKMENT AND BASEIN-PLACE DENSITYEB ForewardWAQTCFORWARDE&B/ID-viOctober 2011

EMBANKMENT AND BASEIN-PLACE DENSITYWAQTCFEEDBACK INSTRUCTIONSGUIDANCE FOR COURSE EVALUATION FORMThe Course Evaluation Form on the following page is very important to the continuingimprovement and success of this course. The form is included in each ParticipantWorkbook. During the course introduction, the Instructor will call the participants’attention to the form, its content, and the importance of its thoughtful completion at theend of the course. Participants will be encouraged to keep notes, or write downcomments as the class progresses, in order to provide the best possible evaluation. TheInstructor will direct participants to write down comments at the end of each day and tomake use of the back of the form if more room is needed for comments.On the last day of the course, just prior to the written examination, the Instructor willagain refer to the form and instruct participants that completion of the form after their lastexamination is a requirement prior to leaving. Should the course have more than oneInstructor, participants should be directed to list them as A, B, etc., with the Instructor’sname beside the letter, and direct their answers in the Instructor Evaluation portion of theform accordingly.EB FeedE&B/ID-viiOctober 2011

EMBANKMENT AND BASEIN-PLACE DENSITYEB FeedWAQTCE&B/ID-viiiFEEDBACK INSTRUCTIONSOctober 2011

EMBANKMENT AND BASEIN-PLACE DENSITYWAQTCEVALUATIONWESTERN ALLIANCE FOR QUALITY TRANSPORTATION CONSTRUCTIONCOURSE EVALUATION FORMThe WAQTC Transportation Technician Qualification Program would appreciate yourthoughtful completion of all items on this evaluation form. Your comments and constructivesuggestions will be an asset in our continuing efforts to improve our course content andpresentations.Course Title:Location:Dates:Your Name (Optional):Employer:Instructor(s)COURSE CONTENTWill the course help you perform your job better and withmore n:Was there an adequate balance between theory, instruction,and hands-on application?Explain:Did the course prepare you to confidently complete bothexaminations?Explain:What was the most beneficial aspect of the course?What was the least beneficial aspect of the course?EB EvalE&B/ID-ixOctober 2011

EMBANKMENT AND BASEIN-PLACE DENSITYWAQTCEVALUATIONGENERAL COMMENTSGeneral comments on the course, content, materials, presentation method, facility, registration process,etc. Include suggestions for additional Tips!INSTRUCTOR EVALUATIONWere the objectives of the course, and the instructionaland exam approach, clearly Explain:Was the information presented in a clear, understandablemanner?Explain:Did the instructors demonstrate a good knowledge of the subject?Explain:Did the instructors create an atmosphere in which to ask questionsand hold open discussion?Explain:EB EvalE&B/ID-xOctober 2011

EMBANKMENT AND BASEIN-PLACE DENSITYWAQTCOBJECTIVES AND SCHEDULEEMBANKMENT AND BASELearning ObjectivesInstructional objectives for this course include: Being familiar with Quality Assurance (QA) concepts Developing a background in measurements and calculations Being knowledgeable in highway materials terminology Respecting safety issues Acquiring knowledge of random sampling techniques Understanding the basics of compaction and density control Becoming proficient in the following quality control test procedures:FOP for AASHTO T 255Total Moisture Evaporable Content of Aggregate by Drying; andAASHTO T 265Laboratory Determination of Moisture Content of SoilsFOP for AASHTO T 99Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) Rammerand 305-mm (12-in.) Drop;AASHTO T 180Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammerand 457-mm (18-in.) DropFOP for AASHTO T 272Family of Curves -- One-Point MethodFOP for FOP for AASHTO T 85Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse AggregateFOP for AASHTO T 224Correction for Coarse Particles in the Soil Compaction TestThe overall goals of this embankment and base course are to understand compaction anddensity control and to be competent with specific quality control test proceduresidentified for the Transportation Technician Qualification Program of the WesternAlliance for Quality Transportation Construction (WAQTC). Additional studies beyondthis course will be required for those desiring greater in-depth knowledge of the theorybehind the test procedures included herein.EB ObjectE&B/ID-xiOctober 2011

EMBANKMENT AND BASEIN-PLACE DENSITYWAQTCOBJECTIVES AND SCHEDULECourse Outline and Suggested Schedule (Embankment and Base)Day One0800WelcomeIntroduction of InstructorsIntroduction and Expectations of Participants0815WAQTC Mission and TTQP ObjectivesInstructional Objectives for the CourseOverview of the CourseCourse Evaluation Form0830Review of Quality Assurance

FOP for AASHTO T 224 Correction for Coarse Particles in the Soil Compaction Test The overall goals of this embankment and base course are to understand compaction and density control and to be competent with specific quality control test procedures identified for the Transportation Technician Qualification Program of the Western Alliance for Quality Transportation Construction (WAQTC .