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Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted underthe United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in adatabase or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.0-07-159363-2The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-147514-1.All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we usenames in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where suchdesignations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs.For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069.TERMS OF USEThis is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of thiswork is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you maynot decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publishor sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use;any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THEACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANYINFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY ORFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work willmeet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyoneelse for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has beenadvised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.DOI: 10.1036/0071475141

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For more information about this title, click hereContentsPrefacev1 Determining Gender12 Forming Plurals73 Pronouns154 Nominative Case215 Accusative Case296 Dative Case397 Genitive Case518 Accusative-Dative Prepositions599 Der Words and Ein Words69Review 17510 Adjectives8511 Contractions9312 Questions and Interrogatives9713 Present Tense10514 Past Tense11715 Present Perfect and Past Perfect Tenses127iii

16 Future Tenses13917 Imperatives14518 Reflexive Pronouns149Review 219 Prefixes16520 Numbers, Time, Days of the Week,and the Calendar17321 Modal Auxiliaries and Double Infinitives18522 Conjunctions19523 Relative Pronouns20324 Comparatives and Superlatives21325 Passive Voice22526 Subjunctive Mood23527 Infinitive Clauses247Review 3253Final Review269Answer Keyiv155Contents285

PrefaceIf you’ve picked up this book, you know that to learn a language well—thatis, to read, write, understand others, and be understood yourself—at somepoint you have to buckle down and deal with the grammar. German Grammar Drills will enable you to take charge of the grammar that you need toknow German well. It does so by providing you with plenty of writing drillsthat will reinforce your knowledge and enhance your ability to speak, read,and write with finesse.This book shows you how each grammatical structure functions by giving you comprehensive descriptions and practical examples. It is divided intothree groupings of nine chapters each that will help you organize your studies. At the end of each group of chapters there is a review of the concepts youencountered in that section’s chapters, and at the end of the book is a FinalReview. The exercises in the reviews serve as an aid in determining whichconcepts you have learned well and which ones you might need to go overagain. Answers for all the exercises are provided in the Answer Key. Thelanguage emphasis is on contemporary spoken German, and the Germanreflects the latest orthography used in the German-speaking world.When you’ve worked your way through German Grammar Drills, notonly will you find yourself confidently on your way to fluency, but also thisbook will remain a unique resource anytime you need to clarify or reviewessential grammatical concepts.AcknowledgmentWith much gratitude to Sabine McNulty for all her help and suggestions.vCopyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.

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1Determining GenderFor the most part, the gender of English nouns is based upon being male, female, or an inanimateobject. German is similar only in a small degree. Many nouns that refer to males or females are masculine or feminine respectively. But this similarity to English soon ends. The gender of most Germannouns can be determined by examining their makeup. Certain prefixes, suffixes, and structural elements are signals that a noun is a specific gender. And that gender doesn’t necessarily have to do withthe noun being male, female, or inanimate.Masculine nouns can be identified by the following characteristics:1. Nouns that refer to males: der Vater, der Junge (father, boy)2. Many nouns that end in -er, -en, and -el: der Lehrer, der Wagen, der Mantel (teacher, car,coat)3. Days of the week, months, and seasons: der Montag, der Januar, der Herbst (Monday,January, autumn)4. Foreign words with the accent on the last syllable: der Soldat, der Elefant (soldier,elephant)5. Nouns formed from an infinitive minus the -en ending: der Besuch (besuchen), der Lohn(lohnen) (visit, wages)6. Many nouns that form their plural by (umlaut) e: der Brief (die Briefe), der Satz (dieSätze) (letter, sentence)7. Nouns that end in -ich, -ig, -ismus, -ist, -ling, and -us: der Teppich, der Käfig, derKommunismus, der Kapitalist, der Lehrling, der Rhythmus (carpet, cage, communism,capitalist, apprentice, rhythm)Feminine nouns can be identified by the following characteristics:1.2.3.4.5.Nouns that refer to females: die Mutter, die Frau (mother, woman or wife)Names of numerals: die Eins, die Hundert (one, hundred)Names of many rivers: die Elbe, die Mosel (the Elbe, the Moselle)Many nouns ending in -e: die Lampe, die Ernte (lamp, harvest)Nouns ending in -in that identify females in professions: die Lehrerin, die Ärztin (teacher,physician)6. Many nouns ending in -a: die Kamera, die Pizza (camera, pizza)7. Many nouns that form their plural by -(e)n: die Tante (die Tanten), die Zeitschrift (dieZeitschriften) (aunt, magazine)1Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.

8. Nouns that end in -ei, -heit, -keit, -ie, -ik, -nz, -schaft, -ion, -tät, -ung, and -ur: dieSchweinerei, die Einheit, die Einsamkeit, die Fotografie, die Topik, die Konferenz, dieLandschaft, die Position, die Universität, die Prüfung, die Natur (mess, unity, loneliness,photography, topic, conference, landscape, position, university, test, nature)Neuter nouns can be identified by the following characteristics:1. Diminutive nouns that end in -chen or -lein: das Mädchen, das Röslein (girl, little rose)2. Nouns formed from an infinitive: das Einkommen, das Singen (income, singing). Thesenouns do not have a plural form.3. Most nouns that end in -nis: das Bekenntnis, das Gedächtnis (confession, memory)4. Many nouns with the prefix Ge-: das Gemälde, das Gelächter (painting, laughter)5. Nouns that refer to metals: das Gold, das Silber (gold, silver)6. Nouns that end in -ment: das Regiment, das Experiment (regiment, experiment)7. Most nouns that form their plural by (umlaut) er: das Haus (die Häuser), das Kind (dieKinder) (house, child)8. Nouns that end in -tel, -tum, and -um: das Viertel, das Reichtum, das Gymnasium(quarter, wealth, prep school)Exercise 1Identify the gender of the following nouns by supplying the missing definite article (der, die, or ment12.Qualität13.Eleganz2German Grammar Drills

4.Sozialismus25.RegenExercise 2Provide nouns that exemplify the characteristics shown in parentheses. For example:(-ung)die Untersuchung1. (-nis)das2. (-heit)die3. (Ge-)das4. (-e)die5. (-um)das6. (-er)der7. (-el)der8. (-keit)die9. (-ling)der10. (-ig)der11. (-tum)das12. (-in)die13. (-en)der14. (-lein)das15. (-ion)dieDetermining Gender3

Exercise 3Rewrite the following plural nouns as singular nouns. Provide the appropriate definite article.1. die Tannen2. die Flüsse3. die Bücher4. die Übungen5. die Zeiten6. die Bäume7. die Arme8. die Kinder9. die Freundinnen10. die Könige11. die Zeitungen12. die Länder13. die Bälle14. die Finger15. die MädchenExercise 4Rewrite the following singular nouns as plural nouns.1. der Manteldie2. die Fraudie3. das Hausdie4. das Fräuleindie5. die Küstedie6. das Schwimmendie7. der Wagendie8. der Lehrerdie9. die Richterindie10. der Bleistift4dieGerman Grammar Drills

11. der Platzdie12. die Sittedie13. das Lachendie14. die Nasedie15. der LautsprecherdieExercise 51. List ten masculine nouns, five of which refer to males and five of which are inanimate objects.maleobjectderderderderderderderderderder2. List ten feminine nouns, five of which refer to females and five of which are inanimate 3. List ten neuter nouns, five of which refer to living persons or things and five of which areinanimate objects.living ng Gender5

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2Forming PluralsSingular nouns are those that describe one person or object: a boy, a girl, my house, their teacher, ourparty. Plural nouns describe more than one person or object: five boys, the women, a few windows,your parents, these flowers. In English, most nouns become plural by adding an -s. Some Englishnouns form their plural in other ways, such as one woman becomes ten women, a mouse becomesthe mice.A few German nouns form their plural by adding an -s like English. These nouns tend to be foreignwords, such as:singulardas Autodas Babydas Kinoder Streikdas Hotelder Parkpluraldie Autosdie Babysdie Kinosdie Streiksdie Hotelsdie ParksEnglishcarsbabiesmovie theatersstrikes (by workers)hotelsparksMost German nouns, however, form their plural in other ways. Although there are general rulesto follow when forming the plural of a German noun, it is best to consult a dictionary for completeaccuracy. Masculine nouns ending in -er, -en, or -el do not require an ending to form the plural. Butsome require the addition of an umlaut.no umlaut requiredder Lehrerder Wagender Onkeldie Lehrerdie Wagendie Onkelteacherscarsunclesdie Väterdie Gärtendie Mäntelfathersgardenscoatsumlaut requiredder Vaterder Gartender MantelOther masculine nouns add an -e to form the plural. Some of these also require an umlaut.7Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.

no umlaut requiredder Armder Tischder Hunddie Armedie Tischedie Hundearmstablesdogsdie Söhnedie Stühledie Köpfesonschairsheadsumlaut requiredder Sohnder Stuhlder KopfSome masculine nouns traditionally form their plural with the addition of -en. Those masculinenouns that end in -e in the singular as well as those that are foreign words with the accent on the lastsyllable also form their plural by adding -(e)n.traditional -en pluralder Bärder Menschder Helddie Bärendie Menschendie Heldenbearspeopleheroeswords ending in -e in the singularder Jungeder Affeder Glaube/der Glaubendie Jungendie Affendie Glaubenboysapesbeliefs, faithforeign words with accent on last syllableder Studentder Soldatder Komponistdie Studentendie Soldatendie KomponistenstudentssoldierscomposersA few masculine nouns form their plural by adding -er. Many also require an umlaut.derderderder8GeistGottMannWaldGerman Grammar itsgodsmenwoods

Feminine nouns in the plural generally end in -n or tenSchulenwomenjobs, laborsruleslampscustoms, habitsschoolsBut a small group of feminine nouns forms its plural by adding -e and an ädtebencheshandsairsnightscowscitiesA few feminine nouns that end in -er in the singular form their plural by an umlaut or the additi

If you’ve picked up this book, you know that to learn a language well—that is, to read, write, understand others, and be understood yourself—at some point you have to buckle down and deal with the grammar. German Gram-mar Drills will enable you to take charge of the grammar that you need to know German well. It does so by providing you .