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1.AbstractBelow is a list of fastener specifications, the product designation (i.e. Grade or Class), and a number of the listedmechanical properties from those specifications. For the inch series parts (ASTM and SAE), it is strange to look atthese Grades and see only minor changes to mechanical properties and realize entire specifications had beenwritten independently. The work needed to create and maintain these unique specifications is significant. Note,there is primarily only one mechanical property specification for metric fasteners (ISO 898-1). Perhaps ISO is onto something by only having one spec.2.CommentsTake note of the similarities between: ISO 898-1 Class 4.6, ASTM A307 Grade A and B, ASTM F1554 Grade 36, and SAE J429 Grade 2. ISO 898-1 Class 8.8, SAE J429 Grade 5, ASTM A193 Grade B7, ASTM A320 Grade L7, ASTM A449, and ASTMA354 Grade BC. ISO 898-1 Class 10.9, SAE J429 Grade 8, and ASTM A354 Grade BD. ISO 898-1 Class 12.9, Grade 9, and ASTM A574.TABLE 1: ISO 898-1, Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Made of Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel, Part 1StandardDiameterISO 898-1Grade/ClassCl 4.6ISO 898-1Cl 8.8 5, 16 mmISO 898-1Cl 8.8 16, 39 mmISO 898-1Cl 10.9 1.6, 39 mmISO 898-1Cl 12.9 1.6, 39 mm 1.6, 39 mmYieldStress240 MPa[34.8 ksi]640 MPa[92.8 ksi]660 MPa[95.7 ksi]940 MPa[136 ksi]1100 MPa[160 ksi]TensileStress400 MPa[58.0 ksi]800 MPa[116 ksi]830 MPa[120.4 ksi]1040 MPa[151 ksi]1220 MPa[177 ksi]Hardness67-95 HRBEL(%)22RA(%)(na)22-32 HRC125223-34 HRC125232-39 HRC94839-44 HRC844ISO 898-1 COMMENTS: These fasteners are common in the industry. Note, these Classes can be used to fabricate fasteners withdiameters outside the ranges listed above, however, because the specification does not define requirements for sizes outside thediameter ranges, perhaps it is a good idea for the purchaser and supplier to agree on what the expectations will be.p. 1 of 6 Date: 2/12/2017Tableswww.Polycrew.com3.Document ID: 2017011601Caution: All information in Polycrew Articles is advisory only and the use of this information is voluntary. Polycrew has made a determined effort to present the contents accurately.Fasteners With Similar Strengths

StandardASTM A307ASTM A307Grade/ClassGr AGr BDiameterYieldStress36 ksi (a)36 ksi (a) 1/4, 4 in 1/4, 4 inTensileStress60 ksi60-100 ksiHardness69-100 HRB69-95 HRBEL(%)1818RA(%)(na)(na)ASTM A307 COMMENTS: Grade A are far more common than Grade B. Grade A bolts are also more common than SAE J429 Grade 2.Grade B are usually specified when it is critical for the fastener to fail before the application fails; hence Grade B'sspecified maximum tensile strength. By specifying a maximum, design teams can appropriately specify stronger application materials.(a) Though the specification ASTM A307 does not define a yield strength, 36 ksi has been a commonly assumed stress.TABLE 3: ASTM F1554, Standard Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and 105-ksi Yield StrengthStandardASTM F1554ASTM F1554ASTM F1554Grade/ClassGr 36Gr 55Gr 105Diameter 1/2, 4 in 1/2, 4 in 1/2, 3 inYieldStress36 ksi55 ksi105 ksiTensileStress58-80 ksi75-95 ksi125-150 ksiHardness(na)(na)(na)EL(%)232115RA(%)403045ASTM F1554 COMMENTS: This is an anchor bolt specification. F1554 will sometimes be requested in threaded rod. These Grades can bemade into threaded rod, but, it is not very common. Often when F1554 Grade 36 threaded rod is requested, ASTM A307 Grade A isoffered. Often when F1554 Grade 105 threaded rod is requested ASTM A193 Grade B7 is offered.SAE J429SAE J429SAE J429SAE J429SAE J429Grade/ClassGr 2Gr 2Gr 5Gr 5Gr 8Diameter 1/4, 3/4 in 3/4, 1 1/2 in 1/4, 1 in 1, 1 1/2 in 1/4, 1 1/2 inYieldStress57 ksi36 ksi92 ksi81 ksi130 ksiTensileStress74 ksi60 ksi120 ksi105 ksi150 ksiHardness80-100 HRB70-100 HRB25-34 HRC19-30 HRC33-39 HRCEL(%)1818141412RA(%)3535353535SAE J429 COMMENTS: These fasteners are common in the industry. When Grade 5 fasteners are requested in a diameter 1 1/2 in.,often ASTM A449 is offered. When Grade 8 fasteners are requested in a diameter 1 1/2 in., often ASTM A354 Grade BD is offered. Ifyou are one of these people requesting a SAE J429 fastener 1 1/2 in., do not reinvent the wheel, use ASTM A307 or ASTM A449 orASTM A354 Grade BD.TABLE 5: ASTM A193/A193M, Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for HighTemperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsStandardASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193Grade/ClassGr B7MGr B7MGr B7Gr B7Gr B7Gr B16Gr B16Gr B16Diameter 4 in 4, 7 in 2 1/2 in 2.5, 4 in 4, 7 in 2 1/2 in 2.5, 4 in 4, 8 inYieldStress80 ksi75 ksi105 ksi95 ksi75 ksi105 ksi95 ksi85 ksiTensileStress100 ksi100 ksi125 ksi115 ksi100 ksi125 ksi110 ksi100 ksiHardness99 HRB, max99 HRB, max35 HRC, max35 HRC, max35 HRC, max35 HRC, max35 HRC, max35 HRC, maxEL(%)1818161616181716RA(%)5050505050504545ASTM A193/A193M COMMENTS: A193/A193M is written for high temperature applications. Note the similarities between A193 andASTM A320. That said, ASTM A320 was written for low temperature applications.p. 2 of 6www.Polycrew.comStandard Date: 2/12/2017TABLE 4: SAE J429, Mechanical and Material Requirements for Externally Threaded FastenersDocument ID: 2017011601Caution: All information in Polycrew Articles is advisory only and the use of this information is voluntary. Polycrew has made a determined effort to present the contents accurately.TABLE 2: ASTM A307, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and Threaded Rod 60,000 PSITensile Strength

StandardASTM A320ASTM A320ASTM A320Grade/ClassGr L7MGr L7Gr L43DiameterYieldStress80 ksi105 ksi105 ksi 2 1/2 in 2 1/2 in 4 inTensileStress100 ksi125 ksi125 ksiHardness99 HRB, max35 HRC, max35 HRC, maxEL(%)181616RA(%)505050ASTM A320/A320M COMMENTS: A320/A320M is written for low temperature applications. Note the similarities between A320 andASTM A193. That said, ASTM A193 was written for high temperature applications. A320 often mirrors A193 for mechanical properties,except, A320 has Charpy V-notch impact energy absorption requirements.TABLE 7: ASTM A449, Standard Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated,120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General UseStandardASTM A449ASTM A449ASTM A449Grade/Class(na)(na)(na)Diameter 1/4, 1 in 1, 1 1/2 in 1 1/2, 3 inYieldStress92 ksi81 ksi58 ksiTensileStress120 ksi105 ksi90 ksiHardness25-34 HRC19-30 HRC183-235 BrinellEL(%)141414RA(%)353535ASTM A449 COMMENTS: Because A449 is nearly identical to SAE J429 Grade 5, they occupy the same market share. As typical withsupply and demand, the industry chose to pick one as the primary spec to manufacture parts to; in this case the more common spec for1/4 to 1 1/2 in. diameter is SAE J429 Grade 5. ASTM A449 takes over market share when SAE J429 Grade 5 fasteners are requested 11/2 in.ASTM F835ASTM F835Grade/Class(na)(na)Diameter #0, 1/2 in 1/2, 1 1/2 in (b)YieldStress(c)(c)TensileStress145 ksi135 ksiHardness39-45 HRC37-45 HRCEL(%)(na)8RA(%)(na)35ASTM F835 COMMENTS: These fasteners are common in the industry. It is suggested in F835 to use these fasteners similar to how other120 ksi tensile strength fasteners would be used.(a) ASTM F835 button heads max diameter 5/8 in while flat heads max diameter 1 1/2 in.(b) ASTM F835 has a yield strength greater than the tensile strength. This oddity is due to the reduced tensile strength a full size fastenerhas based on its head style (there is simply not enough material in the head to maintain tensile strength consistent with ASTM A574).TABLE 9: ASTM A354, Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and OtherExternally Threaded FastenersStandardASTM A354ASTM A354ASTM A354ASTM A354Grade/ClassGr BCGr BCGr BDGr BDDiameter 1/4, 2 1/2 in 2 1/2, 4 in 1/4, 2 1/2 in 2 1/2, 4 inYieldStress109 ksi99 ksi130 ksi115 ksiTensileStress120 ksi115 ksi150 ksi140 ksiHardness26-36 HRC22-33 HRC33-39 HRC31-39 HRCEL(%)16161414RA(%)50504040ASTM A354 COMMENTS: Because Grade BD has so many similarities to SAE J429 Grade 8, they occupy the same market share. As typicalwith supply and demand, the industry chose to pick one as the primary spec to manufacture parts to; in this case the more commonspec for 1/4 to 1 1/2 in. diameter is SAE J429 Grade 8. ASTM A354 Grade BD takes over market share when SAE J429 Grade 8 fastenersare requested 1 1/2 in.p. 3 of 6www.Polycrew.comStandard Date: 2/12/2017TABLE 8: ASTM F835, Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Socket Button and Flat Countersunk Head CapScrewsDocument ID: 2017011601Caution: All information in Polycrew Articles is advisory only and the use of this information is voluntary. Polycrew has made a determined effort to present the contents accurately.TABLE 6: ASTM A320/A320M, Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for LowTemperature Service

StandardFastenalLawsonPFCBBIBarnes GroupGrade/ClassGr 9Tru-TorqPFC9L9BowmalloyDiameter 1/4, 1 1/4 in 1/4, 1 1/4 in 1/4, 1 1/4 in 1/4, 1 1/4 in 1/4, 1 1/8 inYieldStress153 ksi(?)(?)(?)(?)TensileStress180 ksi180 ksi180 ksi180 ksiup to 200 ksiHardness38-42 HRC38-42 HRC38-42 HRC38-42 HRC(?)EL(%)10(?)(?)(?)(?)RA(%)35(?)(?)(?)(?)Grade 9 COMMENTS: These fasteners are common in the industry. All "Grade 9" fasteners are made to proprietary specifications. Grade9, along with ASTM A574 and ISO 898-1 Class 12.9, are the highest strength industry standardized fasteners. Note, in 2013 BrightonBest International (BBI) purchased Porteous Fastener Company (PFC).TABLE 11: ASTM A574, Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Socket-Head Cap ScrewsStandardASTM A574ASTM A574Grade/Class(na)(na)Diameter #0, 1/2 in 1/2, 4 inYieldStress153 ksi153 ksiTensileStress180 ksi170 ksiHardness39-45 HRC37-45 HRCEL(%)1010RA(%)3535ASTM A574 COMMENTS: These fasteners are common in the industry. A574, along with Grade 9 and ISO 898-1 Class 12.9, are the higheststrength industry standardized fasteners.TABLE 12: ASTM A193/A193M, Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for HighTemperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsDiameter 3/4 in 3/4 in 3/4 in 3/4, 1 in 1, 1 1/4 in 1 1/4, 1 1/2 in 3/4 in 3/4 in 3/4 in 3/4, 1 in 1, 1 1/4 in 1 1/4, 1 1/2 inYieldStress30 ksi30 ksi100 ksi80 ksi65 ksi50 ksi30 ksi30 ksi95 ksi80 ksi65 ksi50 ksiTensileStress75 ksi75 ksi125 ksi115 ksi105 ksi100 ksi75 ksi75 ksi110 ksi100 ksi95 ksi90 ksiHardness(max)100 HRB96 HRB35 HRC35 HRC35 HRC35 HRC100 HRB96 HRB35 HRC35 HRC35 HRC35 10-216-10-216-10-216-10-216-10-2ASTM A193/A193M COMMENTS: A193/A193M is written for high temperature applications. Class 1 are more common than Class 2.p. 4 of 6 Date: 2/12/2017ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193ASTM A193Grade/ClassGr B8, Cl 1Gr B8, Cl 1Gr B8, Cl 2Gr B8, Cl 2Gr B8, Cl 2Gr B8, Cl 2Gr B8M, Cl 1Gr B8M, Cl 1Gr B8M, Cl 2Gr B8M, Cl 2Gr B8M, Cl 2Gr B8M, Cl 2www.Polycrew.comStandardDocument ID: 2017011601Caution: All information in Polycrew Articles is advisory only and the use of this information is voluntary. Polycrew has made a determined effort to present the contents accurately.TABLE 10: No Standardized Specification Controls "Grade 9"