I. Assessment Tools - Spring

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I. ASSESSMENT TOOLS1.48-Hour Assessment Tool: Food Security & Livelihoods in First PhaseEmergency19. Improving Nutrition Programs: An Assessment Tool for Action2.Assessing How Agricultural Technologies Can Change GenderDynamics and Food Security Outcomes20. Improving Nutrition with Agricultural Biodiversity3.Barrier Analysis21. IYCF: A Tool for Assessing National Practices, Policies & Programs4.Behavior Change Perspectives on Gender and Value ChainDevelopment22. The KAP Survey Model (Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices)5.Comprehensive Food Security & Vulnerability Analysis23. Knowledge, Practice, & Coverage Survey (KPC)6.Cost of the Diet24. Livelihoods Assessment Toolkit7.Crop and Food Security Assessment Missions25. Livestock in Emergencies Guidelines and Standards8.Diagnostics for Industrial Value Chain Development26. Measuring Food Security Using Household Expenditure Surveys9.Emergency Food Security Assessment27. Optifood10. Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis Toolkit28. Participatory Vulnerability Analysis11. Financial Diaries29. Pre-Crisis Market Analysis12. Food Security & Livelihoods Assessment: A Practical Guide for Field Workers30. ProPAN 2.013. Global Food Security Assessment Guidelines31. Rapid Assessment for Markets14. Guidelines for Value Chain Analysis32. Rapid Needs Assessments: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene15. Household Economy Approach: Practitioners’ Guide33. Rapid Rural Appraisal and Participatory Rural Appraisal16. Household Livelihood Security Assessment34. Seed System Security Assessment17. How to Conduct a Food Commodity Value Chain Analysis18. Hygiene Evaluation Procedures35. Semi-Quantitative Evaluation of Access and Coverage(SQUEAC)/Simplified Lot Quality Assurance Sampling Evaluation ofAccess and Coverage (SLEAC)

1. 48-HOUR ASSESSMENT TOOL: FOOD SECURITY & LIVELIHOODS IN FIRST PHASE EMERGENCYPathway Component: food production; food prices; agricultural income; foodexpenditure; food access; dietSearch Category: agricultural production; food access; consumption; farm &non-farm income; household food & non-food expenditure; value chains &market systemsCONTENT SUMMARYBrief Description: The purpose of this tool is to obtain aquick understanding of the emergency food security andlivelihood situation within the first few days after a rapidonset disaster. This tool collects information on foodsecurity and livelihoods. The results of this initialassessment are meant to inform the design of first-phaseresponses, in the first six to eight weeks after a disasteroccurs. A more detailed assessment led by food securityand livelihood specialists is expected to take place at alater date.Uses: This tool aims to support response teams to gatheran adequate picture of the food security and livelihoodssituation in order to design rapid responses that can meetimmediate needs and protect livelihoods in the context ofpractical constraints that usually follow a rapid-onset crisis.Tool Components: The toolkit contains six separatedocuments:1.2.3.4.5.6.Objectives and Guidance NotesAssessment QuestionnaireDecision-Making TreeResponse MenuReport FormatAnnex: Technical RationaleDate of Design: 2012Designer: Oxfam/ Emergency Capacity Building ProjectContact Institution: Philippa Young, mpyoung@oxfam.org.ukURL: y-livelihoods-efsl-48-hr-assessment-toolThe assessment questionnaire is divided into four sections:1.2.3.4.Community & Household Focus Group DiscussionMarkets and Traders Status after the Disaster –Questions for TradersCash Delivery Structures – Questions for MoneyTransfer AgentsCoordination and Other Actors’ Response PlansOPERATIONSNumber of Staff Required: The number of staff on theassessment team is not specified; this will vary dependingon available resources. Note that it is recommended thatexternal technical staff (not the assessment team) conductthe analysis and draw the response recommendationsfrom the results.Time: The assessment should take place within a weekafter a rapid-onset disaster, ideally within the first 48hours. The assessment should be completed, includingrecommendations and report writing, within a few days(ideally 48 hours).Cost of Assessment: Not specified; this will varyaccording to context.Training: The 48-hour assessment tool is designed to beaccessible to all levels of staff with different skill sets andexperience. It was developed for: 1) humanitarian staffwith no or limited technical skills (e.g.: humanitarianprogram managers) and/or; 2) food security andlivelihoods technical staff with little experience of rapidonset disasters in urban and rural contexts.Geographic Targeting: This is a community-focusedassessment tool and should be used on a clearly defined,disaster-affected area.Type of Data Collection: A variety of qualitative andquantitative data, including typical household foodsecurity, livelihoods, market functioning, money transfersystems, and water and sanitation systems, will becollected.Degree of Technical Difficulty: This tool is intended forstaff with limited technical experience. However, analysisand response recommendations should be supported bymore experienced staff.Complements other Resources: This tool can be used inconjunction with processes such as the MultiCluster/Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) tocomplement them with detailed food security andlivelihoods information necessary for rapid responsedesign. This assessment tool assumes that an EmergencyMarket Mapping and Analysis (EMMA) might still benecessary a couple of weeks after the disaster and that if aHousehold Economy Approach (HEA) baseline exists, it canprovide important background information on the predisaster context and outcome analysis and triangulate thefindings of the 48-hour assessment.

2. ASSESSING HOW AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES CAN CHANGE GENDER DYNAMICS ANDFOOD SECURITY OUTCOMESPathway Component: agricultural income; female energy expenditure;food production; processing & storage; women's empowermentSearch Category: gender & women's empowerment; farm & non-farmincome; househoold food & non-food expenditureDate of Design: 2017Designer: Cultural PracticeContact Institution: ingenaesproject@gmail.comURL: t-toolkit/CONTENT SUMMARYBrief Description: This toolkit describes ananalytical process to understand the potentialgender-related and nutritional impacts of specificagricultural technologies on men and women. Themethodology aids practitioners and researchers inassessing whether the agricultural technologies theyuse or will use are gender-responsive and nutritionsensitive in terms of design, use, and dissemination.The toolkit consists of a guide in three parts: Learn,Apply, and Share. It offers readers an understandingof the relationships between gender, nutrition, andagricultural technologies and how to address theseissues systematically.Uses: The INGENAES technology assessment can beused to improve the design and dissemination ofagricultural technologies in ways that increaseadoption by men and women farmers.Tool Components:Part 1: Learn. This section of the toolkit discussesthe relationships between gender, nutrition, andagricultural technologies. It is divided into shortthematic chapters that each describe one of threeareas of inquiry: time and labor; food availability,access, safely, and quality; and income and assets.Part 2: Apply. This section of the toolkit introducesa gender analysis framework and a range of tools(questionnaires, worksheets) that can be used toenhance the design and dissemination of agriculturaltechnologies.Part 3: Share. This section of the toolkit is afacilitator’s guide for designing and conducting aworkshop on the methodology. The facilitator’s guideis made up of slides and exercises that over the courseof the pilot’s four workshops were found to be mostuseful in sharing the methodology.OPERATIONSNumber of Staff Required: The number of staffneeded to collect the qualitative data will bedependent on project needs and scale.Time: The assessment is designed to be applied aftertechnologies have been introduced to farmers.However, the questionnaires can be modified for useat different points in the technology developmentprocess. Early in the process, actors can use theassessment to gather valuable information aboutmen’s and women’s preferences and needs that caninfluence the selection of time-consuming and laborintensive tasks to upgrade or the design of othertechnologies. Later in the technology developmentprocess, the assessment can inform disseminationstrategies to ensure that products are accessible andaffordable for men and women farmers.Cost of Assessment: Not specified; this will varyaccording to context.Training: The tools were developed for readers witha basic understanding of gender and nutritionissues. Part 1 of the toolkit serves as a training toolfor implementers of the technology assessment.Geographic Targeting: This is a communityfocused assessment tool. The primary datacollection should be tailored to whatever sizecommunity received/is undergoing a technologyactivity.Type of Data Collection: Quantitative andQualitative (primary sources are surveys, keyinformant and group interviews; desktop researchand a review of secondary literature about thetechnology should supplement primary datacollection where available).Degree of Technical Difficulty: This toolkit isaimed towards agricultural researchers orpractitioners interested in learning how to addressgender and nutrition issues in their work.Complements other Resources: Where possible,this guide highlights resources to help the userdeepen their understanding of different issues.These resources consist of readings and articles, aswell as toolkits such as USAID’s Promoting GenderEquitable Opportunities in Agricultural ValueChains: A Handbook, and FIELD’s Behavior Changefor Research and Assessment toolkit. The toolkitalso complements existing INGENAES tools such asthe INGENAES Competency Framework forIntegrating Gender and Nutrition within AgriculturalExtension Services.

3. BARRIER ANALYSIS (FACILITATOR’S GUIDE)Pathway Component: caring capacity & practices; diet; health care; women’sempowermentDate of Design: 2004. Updated 2010.Search Category: agricultural production; consumption; health & nutritionservices; gender & women’s empowerment; caring capacity, norms &practicesContact Institution: fhdc@fh.orgCONTENT SUMMARYTool Components:Brief Description: This rapid assessment tool isused in community health and communitydevelopment projects to identify determinantsassociated with a particular behavior. TheFacilitator’s Guide has been written for trainers toteach others about Barrier Analysis and/or tolearn the technique themselves. It guides trainersthrough a step-by-step process for conductingthe analysis and providing backgroundinformation on the technique.1.It focuses on eight determinants: perceivedsusceptibility; perceived severity; perceived actionefficacy; perceived social acceptability; perceivedself-efficacy; cues for action; perception of divinewill; and positive and negative attributes of theaction.Uses: Barrier Analysis can be used in a variety ofdifferent ways, including: At the start of a behavior change program todetermine key messages and activities forintervention.In ongoing programs to focus on behaviorsthat have not changed much despiterepeated efforts, to understand what iskeeping people from making a particularchange.2.Designer: Food for the Hungry & CORE GroupURL: http://barrieranalysis.fhi.net/annex/Barrier Analysis Facilitator Guide.pdfPart One: What is Barrier Analysis?Explanation & Training GuidePart Two: How to Conduct Barrier Analysis(developing questionnaires, collecting &analyzing data)OPERATIONSNumber of Staff Required: Two people canconduct an analysis in two days for each behaviorstudied. Larger groups of staff can analyze morebehaviors in the same amount of time.Time: Analysis of one behavior should take twodays. Analysis of more behaviors will requiremore time or more staff. Note that the guiderecommends a sample size of 90 householdinterviews (45 doers and 45 non-doers), whichtake an estimated 15 minutes each. Timeplanning should also account for the time takento develop the questionnaire and travel timebetween interviews.Cost of Assessment: Not specified; this will varydepending on the number of behaviors studiedand the context.Training: The Facilitator’s Guide is based on afour-day workshop and provides all instructionsneeded to train staff.Geographic Targeting: This analysis isconducted at community level.Type of Data Collection: Barrier analysis usesindividual interviews (note that focus groupswere included in the first version but are notrecommended in the most recent version of theguide).Degree of Technical Difficulty: The guide isdesigned for people who have some experiencein social and behavior change communicationand are interested in learning a new technique.Trainee or workshop participants do notnecessarily have to know much about social andbehavior change, but it is helpful if participantshave basic experience developing questionnairesand conducting interviews.Complements other Resources: Demographicand health surveys or local knowledge, practice,and coverage studies should be used to definethe initial behavior question. This secondary datashould be used to identify behaviors with asufficient number of doers and non-doers. BarrierAnalysis and the Trials of Improved Practice (TIPs)methodology are highly complementary.To see more tools and to learn how to fit them into your program design, see /context-assessment-tool.

4. BEHAVIOR CHANGE PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENTPathway Component: women’s empowerment; agricultural income; foodproduction; processing & storageDate of Design: 2011Designer: ACDI/VOCA & FHI360Contact Institution: webmaster@acdivoca.orgSearch Category: agricultural production; gender & women’s empowerment;value chains & market systemsCONTENT SUMMARYBrief Description: The five tools presented inthis report are designed to study how genderaffects three categories of behavior related toupgrading: money management, businesspractices, and value chain relationships.Upgrading involves innovations or investmentswithin a value chain that respond to changingmarket conditions and new market opportunitiesto maintain the competitiveness of that valuechain. Analyzing the current behaviors of menand women offers a window for identifyinggender-based constraints to upgrading, andapproaches to promoting upgrading activitiesthat are inclusive of and benefit both men andwomen.Uses: This tool helps users to better understandhow gender conditions, behaviors, and practices(and ultimately the overall dynamics of valuechains) can help practitioners to: Identify interventions that are more tailoredto women’s needs.Reduce the risks for women participating inthe value chains.Improve the overall functioning, growth, andcompetitiveness of value chains.URL: -development-tools-researTool Components: The report contains fivetools:1.2.3.4.5.Focus Group Discussion Guide: GenderedRoles and Responsibilities in a Value ChainFocus Group Discussion Guide: ExaminingValue Chain RelationshipsIndividual Interview GuideResearch Plan Outline and ExampleFacilitation Guide for ConsultativeWorkshops with Field Partners (withexample)OPERATIONSNumber of Staff Required: Not specified; theexample provided in the report requires twoprimary researchers who are supported bylogistics staff and translators in each country.Time: This will vary depending on the scope ofthe research. The example research plan providedincluded two weeks per country for datacollection.Cost of Assessment: The budget will vary; thereport provides some example line items for thelocal budget, including logistics coordinatorhonorarium, translator fees, transport costs, andsnacks for focus group discussion participants.Training: Not specified; one or two experiencedresearchers could likely use these tools withouttraining.Geographic Targeting: The value chain selectedfor analysis will define the geographic areasincluded in the research.Type of Data Collection: The tools use focusgroup discussions and individual interviews.Degree of Technical Difficulty: The five toolsprovided are detailed and clearly explained. Staffmembers with prior qualitative assessmentexperience will likely find this guide easy tofollow.Complements other Resources: These toolsfocus on gathering qualitative data. Quantitativedata on related topics could be a usefulcomplement.

5. COMPREHENSIVE FOOD SECURITY & VULNERABILITY ANALYSISPathway Component: food production; food prices; processing & storage;agricultural income; food expenditure; food access; dietSearch Category: agricultural productivity; food access; consumption; farm &non-farm income; gender & women’s empowerment; household food & nonfood expenditure; value chains & market systemsCONTENT SUMMARYBrief Description: A Comprehensive FoodSecurity & Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) processresults in a document that describes the foodsecurity status of various segments of thepopulation, analyzes the underlying causes ofvulnerability, and recommends interventions todeal with the problems.Uses: The objective of a CFSVA is to analyze thefood security and vulnerability conditions ofpopulation groups and communities, and toprovide baseline information on the population ina “normal” situation. The results provide decisionmakers with information on household foodinsecurity and vulnerability (who, how manypeople, where they are located) allowing forrecommendations on food related interventions toimprove the situation. CFSVAs are used to: Assess needs and inform the design ofprogramming.Determine baseline vulnerability and serve asa benchmark for future assessments.Serve as strategic entry points for partnershipwith other UN agencies.Date of Design: 2009Designer: World Food ProgrammeContact Institution: wfp.vaminfo@wfp.orgURL: rst-editionTool Components: The technical components ofthe CFSVA guidelines include: Managing the implementation of a CFSVADesk study: literature review and secondarydataHousehold-level data in a CFSVAQualitative and community-level data inCFSVAsFood security analysis in a CFSVAPreparing conclusions and recommendationsReport preparation and disseminationOPERATIONSNumber of Staff Required: Not specified; canvary depending on the scope of the assessment.Time: It usually takes four-to-eight monthsbetween the initiation of the process anddissemination of the results.Cost of Assessment: Costs can vary greatly due tothe variable contexts within which CFSVAs areconducted. CFSVAs are not necessarily moreexpensive than large rapid assessments, but theycan be costly if a large household survey isincluded. Large surveys on the order of 2,0003,000 households can cost in the range of 75,000- 100,000. CFSVAs with larger samplescovering many different locations cost well over 200,000.Training: For the main survey instruments,training usually takes five to eight days. If childanthropometric data is to be collected, anadditional two-to-five days of training will beneeded. If hand-held computers (PDAs) are to beused by data collectors, an additional one to threedays of training will be needed. If focus groups willbe used, an additional two-to-eight days will beneeded.Geographic Targeting: CFSVAs may beconducted for an entire country, or regions withina country. The terms of reference must clearlystate the geographic scope of the assessment.Type of Data Collection: A CFSVA processincludes secondary data review and analysis,household and key informant interviews, focusgroups, and possibly child anthropometry data.Degree of Technical Difficulty: This is a complexassessment requiring in-depth technical expertise.Complements other Resources: A CFSVA is acomprehensive assessment, and includes ananalysis of a variety of secondary data. Theguidelines include a specific chapter focused onliterature review and secondary data.

6. COST OF THE DIETDate of Design: 2007. Updated 2018.Pathway Component: food prices; food access; dietDesigner: Save the Children UKSearch Category: food access; consumption; value chains & marketsystemsCONTENT SUMMARYBrief Description: The Cost of the Diet (CoD) isan assessment tool that uses software toestimate the amount and combination of localfoods needed to provide a typical family with adiet that meets their averaged needs for energyand recommended intakes of protein, fat, andmicronutrients. The tool aims to answer thefollowing questions:1.2.3.4.What is the minimum cost of foods thatmeet the nutrient needs of a typicalhousehold?Can a nutritious diet be achieved usinglocally available foods?Is this diet affordable?If not, what could be done?Tool Components: The document providesstep-by-step guidance to conducting a CoDassessment:1.2.3.4.5.Planning a CoD assessmentIn-country preparationData collectionRunning the linear programming softwareCoD results & how to use themContact Institution: hungerreductionteam@savethechildren.org.ukURL: http://www.heawebsite.org/about-codUses: The CoD is most useful when chronicundernutrition and micronutrient deficiencieshave been identified as nutritional problems,and when the availability or affordability ofnutritious foods are likely to be among theunderlying causes.Using the CoD tool allows for modeling ofpotential interventions to estimate impact onimproving the quality and affordability of thediet. Results can also be used to influence foodsecurity and nutrition policies and programs,and contribute to advocacy. Results can also beused as an early warning indicator if the CoD isrun regularly.OPERATIONSNumber of Staff Required: One advisor tolead training, analysis and report writing; fourto-six data collectors from the target area; onecountry administrator to manage logistics.Time: Estimated total time required is six weeks.Cost of Assessment: Not specified; the cost willvary according to context.Training: The individual who leads the CoDassessment should be previously trained andexperienced. Training of data collectors shouldtake at least 2-3 days. An example trainingschedule is provided in the CoD guidelines.Geographic Targeting: A CoD assessment canbe conducted in any location but it is importantto ensure that assessments are conducted inregions where price and availability of food andincome are reasonably homogenous. A simpleapproach is to confine the CoD assessment to alivelihood zone. Depending on the objectives ofthe study, the interviews and focus groupdiscussions should be conducted in a minimumof four villages.Type of Data Collection: CoD assessmentsinclude secondary data collection, marketsurveys, household interviews, and focus groupdiscussions.Degree of Technical Difficulty: Leading a CoDassessment and analyzing the results is complexand requires expertise and previous training.Complements other Resources: Thehousehold economy approach (HEA) and theCost of the Diet are interlinked andcomplementary. The CoD relies on the HEA for avariety of information such as livelihood zones,wealth group divisions, and income data.Combining the CoD with the HEA can identifythe wealth groups most at risk of insufficientaccess to a nutritious diet and therefore most inneed of food security or nutrition interventions.6

7. CROP AND FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT MISSIONSPathway Component: food production; food prices; processing & storage;agricultural income; food expenditure; food access; dietSearch Category: agricultural productivity; food access; consumption; farm& non-farm income; household food & non-food expenditure; value chains& market systemsCONTENT SUMMARYBrief Description: A Crop and Food SecurityAssessment Mission (CFSAM) is a comprehensiveassessment of crisis-induced food securityincluding analysis at national and householdlevels. It requires months of preparation and ateam of technical experts and results in a detailedreport of current and expected food insecurity,including specific recommendations to addressthe needs of the population.Uses: The primary purpose of a CFSAM is toprovide an accurate picture of the extent andseverity of crisis-induced food insecurity, existingor expected, in the country (or specific area) sothat timely and appropriate actions can be takenby the government and the internationalcommunity to minimize the impact on affectedpopulations.Tool Components: Part I: Essentials & PlanningPart II: Organizing a CFSAMPart III: Analyzing the Context, AgriculturalProduction, and Market ConditionsPart IV: Analyzing the Aggregate FoodSupply/Demand Situation Date of Design: 1996. Revised 2009.Designer: Food and Agriculture Organization & World Food ProgrammeContact Institution: wfp.vaminfo@wfp.orgURL: art V: Analyzing Household Food Securityand Emergency NeedsPart VI: Conclusions & RecommendationsOPERATIONSNumber of Staff Required: The core team isusually comprised of an agricultural economist,an agronomist, a food security specialist and amarket specialist, plus other experts such aslivestock or management specialists as needed. Alarge number of in-country personnel alsocontribute to the CFSAM.Time: Depends on the size and diversity of thearea concerned and the availability and quality ofexisting data. Typically the preparatory phasetakes one to three months, the in-countrymission takes three to four weeks, and the postmission report writing takes two to three weeks.Cost of Assessment: Not specified; will varyaccording to context and availability of existingdata.Training: Technical specialists (as describedabove) are required. This core team of specialistsis expected to provide a few days of training fordata enumerators.Geographic Targeting: A CFSAM analyzes thefood security situation at the macro (national)level and micro (household and populationgroup) level.Type of Data Collection: Secondary data(including remote sensing, forecasts, aggregateagricultural production, and nutritional status) isanalyzed. Data collection includes key informantinterviews in the capital, field observations,estimations of crop yields, and interviews withinformants, extension workers, traders, andhouseholds.Degree of Technical Difficulty: This complexassessment requires in-depth technical expertise.Others participate as data enumerators, but acore team of specialists must lead the analysisand report writing.Complements other Resources: A CFSAM is acomprehensive assessment that includes analysisof a variety of secondary data. This may includeliving standards/poverty assessment studies,nutrition surveys, and safety net program data.The results can inform a number of otherassessments and assist with program design.7

8. DIAGNOSTICS FOR INDUSTRIAL VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENTPathway Component: food production; agricultural income; processing &storageSearch Category: agricultural productivity; farm & non-farm income; valuechains & market systemsCONTENT SUMMARYBrief Description: This document is a tool fordiagnosing industrial value chains. It providesguidance for defining the elements necessary forthe development and upgrading of entire valuechains. It focuses on industrial value chains,meaning those that engage in the processing andtransformation of primary products intoconsumable goods and thereby generate addedvalue.Uses: The diagnostics can be applied to situationswhere value chain development has no single oreasy solution and many parallel constraints anddevelopment opportunities exist. Analysts may usethis information to make policy and program levelstrategic decisions about whether interventions invalue chain development can and should bepursued, and at which points.Tool Components: The tool includes sevendiagnostic dimensions: Dimension 1: Sourcing of Inputs and SuppliesDimension 2: Production Capacity andTechnologyDimension 3: End-Markets and TradeDimension 4: Governance of Value ChainsDimension 5: Sustainable Production andEnergy UseDate of Design: 2011Designer: United Nations Industrial Development OrganizationContact Institution: f.hartwich@unido.orgURL: http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user media/MDGs/IVC Diagnostic Tool.pdf Dimension 6: Value Chain Finance Dimension 7: Business Environment andSocio-Political ContextOPERATIONSNumber of Staff Required: The number of staffrequired will vary depending on the depth ofanalysis and the value chain selected. Given thescope of the diagnostics, it is preferable to form amultidisciplinary team drawing from fields such asengineering, marketing, finance, economics,business administration, and environmentalmanagement.Time: Collecting and analyzing the data andwriting a diagnostic report can take anywherefrom two weeks to a couple of months, dependingon the size of the value chain and the level ofdetail required.Cost of Assessment: Not specified; this willdepend on the context, the value chain and thedepth of the analysis.Training: Not specified; it is expected thatanalysts involved in the process are alreadyexperts in a relevant specialized field.Geographic Targeting: The analysis focuses onvalue chains, which may span multiplegeographical areas. Therefore, the geography willbe determined by the value chain selected.Type of Data Collection: Substantial datacollection is required for meaningful results. Thisincludes conducting interviews with a range ofgovernment officials and other key stakeholders,especially businesses in the value chain.Degree of Technical Difficulty: The tool can becharacterized as rapid, in the sense that it is simpleand its application can be acc

1.48-HOUR ASSESSMENT TOOL: FOOD SECURITY & LIVELIHOODS IN FIRST PHASE EMERGENCY Pathway Component: food production; food prices; agricultural income; food expenditure; food access; diet Date of Design: 2012 Designer: Oxfam/ Emergency Capacity Building Project Search Category: agricultural production; food access; consumption; farm & non-farm income; household food & non-food expenditure; value .