Transcription
EMT-PARAMEDICNational StandardCurriculum
EMT-PARAMEDIC: NATIONAL STANDARD CURRICULUMProject DirectorWalt A. Stoy, Ph. D., EMT-PAssociate Professor and ChairEmergency Medicine ProgramSchool of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesResearch Associate Professor of Emergency MedicineDepartment of Emergency MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghDirector of Educational ProgramsCenter for Emergency MedicinePrincipal InvestigatorGregg S. Margolis, MS, NREMT-PAssistant Professor, Emergency Medicine ProgramSchool of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesInstructor, Department of Emergency MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghAssociate Director of EducationCenter for Emergency MedicineMedical DirectorsPaul M. Paris, MD, F.A.C.E.P.Professor and ChairmanDepartment of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineChief Medical OfficerCenter for Emergency MedicineMedical DirectorCity of Pittsburgh, Department of Public SafetyMedical DirectorEmergency Medical Services InstituteRonald N. Roth, MD, F.A.C.E.P.Assistant Professor of MedicineDepartment of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineAssociate Medical DirectorCity of Pittsburgh, Emergency Medical ServicesMedical Director of Paramedic EducationCenter for Emergency MedicineContract Number DTNH22-95-C-05108
Contract AdministratorsDebra A. Lejeune, BS, NREMT-PCoordinator of PublishingCenter for Emergency MedicineLecturerEmergency Medicine ProgramSchool of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesDepartment of Emergency MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghGregory H. Lipson, MHA, MBA, NREMTCenter for Emergency MedicineGroup LeadersWilliam E. Brown, Jr., RN, MS, CEN, NREMT-PExecutive DirectorNational Registry of Emergency MedicalTechniciansRobert W. Dotterer, BSEd, MEd, NREMT-PPhoenix Fire DepartmentEmergency Medical Services SectionPhoenix CollegeEMT/FSC DepartmentRichard L. Judd, PhD, EMSIPresidentCentral Connecticut State UniversityBaxter Larmon, PhD, MICPAssociate Professor of MedicineAssociate Director, Center for Prehospital CareUCLA School of MedicineDirector, Prehospital Care Research ForumKathryn M. Lewis, RN, BSN, PhDDepartment ChairEmergency Medical Technology/Fire SciencePhoenix CollegeChairEMT/FSC Instructional CouncilMaracopa County Community College DistrictSteve Mercer, EMT-PNational Council of State EMS TrainingCoordinators, Inc.Education CoordinatorIowa Department of Public HealthBureau of EMSJoseph J. Mistovich, M.Ed., NREMT-PChairpersonDepartment of Health ProfessionsAssociate Professor of Health ProfessionsCollege of Health and Human ServicesYoungstown State UniversityLawrence D. Newell, EdD, NREMT-PPresidentNewell Associates, Inc.Adjunct Professor, Emergency MedicalTechnologyNorthern Virginia Community CollegeJonathan F. Politis, BA, NREMT-PChiefTown of Colonie, NYDepartment of Emergency Medical ServicesBruce J. Walz, PhD, NREMT-PAssociate Professor and ChairDepartment of Emergency Health ServiceUniversity of Maryland Baltimore County
National Review Team
Ralph J. DiLibero, MDAmerican Academy of Orthopaedic SurgeonsPeter W. Glaeser, MDAmerican Academy of PediatricsProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamMike Taigman, EMT-PAmerican Ambulance AssociationJon R. Krohmer, MD, FACEPAmerican College of Emergency PhysiciansMedical Director, Kent County EMSDepartment of Emergency Medicine, ButterworthHospitalPeter T. Pons, MD, FACEPAmerican College of Emergency PhysiciansDepartment of Emergency MedicineDenver Health Medical CenterScott B. Frame, MD, FACS, FCCMAmerican College of Surgeons Committee onTraumaAssociate Professor of SurgeryDirector, Division of Trauma/Critical CareUniversity of Cincinnati Medical CtrNorman E. McSwain, Jr., MD, FACSAmerican College of Surgeons Committee onTraumaProfessor of SurgeryTulane University School of MedicineRalph Q. Mitchell, Jr.Association of Air Medical ServicesEdward MarascoAssociation of Air Medical ServicesKathy Robinson, RNEmergency Nurses AssociationEMS Education CoordinatorSilver Cross HospitalCaptain Willa K. Little, RN, CEN, EMT-PInternational Association of Fire ChiefsEmergency Medical Services Training OfficerMontgomery County Dept of Fire & RescueServicesLori Moore, MPH, EMT-PDirector of Emergency Medical ServicesInternational Association of Fire FightersDebra Cason, RN, MS, EMT-PJRC on Educational Programs for the EMT-PUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterLinda K. Honeycutt, EMT-PPresidentNational Association of EMS EducatorsEMS Programs CoordinatorProvidence Hospital and Medical CentersNicholas Benson, MDImmediate Past PresidentNational Association of EMS PhysiciansProfessor & Chair, Dept of Emergency MedicineEast Carolina University School of MedicineLinda M. Abrahamson, EMT-PNational Association of EMTsEMS Education CoordinatorSilver Cross HospitalRobert R. Bass, MD, FACEPNational Association of State EMS DirectorsMaryland Institute for Emergency Medical ServicesSystemsSteve Mercer, EMT-PNational Council of State EMS TrainingCoordinators, Inc.Education CoordinatorIowa Department of Public HealthBureau of EMSRoger D. White, MD, FACCNational Registry of EMT sDepartment of AnesthesiologyThe Mayo ClinicDavid Cone, MDSociety for Academic Emergency MedicineChief, Division of EMSDepartment of Emergency MedicineMCP-Hahnemann School of MedicineAllegheny University of Health Sciences
TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACE7ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 7United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration8United States Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Human ServicesAdministration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau8Authors 8Subject Matter Experts 8Adjunct Writers 9Liaisons11In-Kind Services11Pennsylvania Pilot Test Site11Field Test Sites 13Center for Emergency Medicine 13THE EMT-PARAMEDIC: NATIONAL STANDARD CURRICULUMHistory 14The Curriculum Development Process 14Curriculum Goal and Approach 15Description of the Profession15Educational Model15Competencies 16Course Length 17Prerequisites 17EMT-Basic17Anatomy and Physiology18Life Long Learning/Continuing Education 18PARAMEDIC EDUCATION19Program Planning/Communities of Interest20Program Goal 20Program Objectives21Use of the Goals and Objectives in Program Evaluation 21Course Design 21Didactic Instruction22Skills Laboratory22Clinical Education22Field Internship 23Student Assessment24Program Personnel25Program Director25Program Faculty26Course Medical Director 26Licensure, Certification and Registration 26Program Evaluation2714
Facilities27HOW TO USE THE CURRICULUMUnit Terminal Objective 28Objectives28Declarative2828EDUCATING PROFESSIONALS30
PREFACEThe National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has assumed responsibility for thedevelopment of training courses that are responsive to the standards established by the Highway SafetyAct of 1966 (amended). Since these courses are designed to provide national guidelines for training, it isNHTSA's intention that they be of the highest quality and be maintained in a current and up-to-date statusfrom the point of view of both technical content and instructional strategy.To this end, NHTSA supported the current project which involved revision of the 1985 Emergency MedicalTechnician-Paramedic: National Standard Curriculum, deemed of high value to the states in carrying outtheir annual training programs. This curriculum was developed to be consistent with the recommendationsof the National Emergency Medical Services Education and Practice Blueprint, the EMT and ParamedicPractice Analysis, and the EMS Agenda for the Future. This course is one of a series of courses makingup a National EMS training program for prehospital care. The EMT-Paramedic: National StandardCurriculum, represents the highest level of education in EMS prehospital training.The EMT-Paramedic: National Standard Curriculum represents the minimum required information to bepresented within a course leading to certification as a Paramedic. It is recognized that there is additionalspecific education that will be required of Paramedics who operate in the field, i.e. ambulance driving,heavy and light rescue, basic extrication, special needs, and so on. It is also recognized that thisinformation might differ from locality to locality, and that each training program or system should identifyand provide special instruction for these training requirements. This curriculum is intended to prepare amedically competent Paramedic to operate in the field. Enrichment programs and continuing educationwill help fulfill other specific needs for the Paramedic s education.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSFrom the very beginning of this revision project, the Department of Transportation relied on theknowledge, attitudes, and skills from hundreds of experts and organizations. These individuals andorganizations sought their own level of involvement toward accomplishing the goals of this project. Thesecontributions varied from individual to individual, and regardless of the level of involvement, everyoneplayed a significant role in the development of the curriculum. It is essential that those who have assistedwith the achievement of this worthy educational endeavor be recognized for their efforts. For every personnamed, there are many more individuals who should be identified for their contributions. For all who havecontributed, named and unnamed, thank you for sharing your vision. Your efforts have helped assure thatthe educational/training needs of Paramedics are met so that they can provide appropriate and effectivepatient care.Special thanks for the knowledge, expertise, and dedication given to this project by the Project Director,Principal Investigator, Co-Medical Directors, and all the members of the Writing Groups and the NationalReview Team.NHTSA would also like to recognize the following individuals and/or organizations for their significantcontributions to this project. Their order of appearance is no implication of their relative importance to thesuccess of this monumental project.United States Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic AdministrationEMT-Paramedic: National Standard Curriculum
United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationJeff Michael, Ed.D.David W. BrysonUnited States Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Human ServicesAdministration, Maternal and Child Health BureauJean Athey, MSW, Ph.D.Mark Nehring, DMD, MPHAuthorsRandall W. Benner, M.Ed, NREMT-P; Youngstown State UniversityChip Boehm, RN, EMT-P/FFCharles Bortle, EMT-P, RRTScott S. Bourn, RN, MSN, EMT-P; Beth-El College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of ColoradoDebra Cason, RN, MS, EMT-P; University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterElizabeth A. Criss, RN, CEN, M.Ed; e.a. criss consultingAlice Dalton, RN, BSN; Omaha Fire DepartmentKate Dernocoeur, BS, EMT-PPhilip D. Dickison; National Registry of EMTsBob Elling, MPA, REMT-P; Institute of Prehospital Emergency MedicineScott B. Frame, MD, FACS, FCCM; Div. of Trauma/Critical Care, University of Cincinnati Medical CenterMike Gammill, NREMT-PJack T. Grandey, NREMT-P; UPMC Health System - Department of Emergency MedicineJoseph A. Grafft, MS, NREMT; Metropolitan State UniversityJanet A. Head, RN, MS; Kirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineLinda K. Honeycutt, EMT-P; Providence Hospital & Medical CentersDerrick Johnson, EMT-P; Phoenix Fire DeptNeil Jones, MEd, EMT-P; Children's Hospital of PittsburghGail M. Madsen, NREMT-P; Emergency Medical Services ConsultantDiana Mass, MA, MT (ASCP); Arizona State University MainNorm McSwain, Jr., MD, FACS; Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of SurgeryMichael O'Keefe, REMTP; EMS Office-Vermont Department of HealthThomas E. Platt, M.Ed., NREMT-P; Center for Emergency MedicineJohn Saito, MPH, EMT-P; Oregon Health Sciences University, Department of Emergency MedicineJohn Sinclair, EMT-P; Central Pierce Fire and RescueMichael G. Smith, REMTP; Tacoma Community CollegeAndrew W. Stern, NREMT-P, MPA, MA; Colonie Emergency Medical ServicesPaul A. Werfel, NREMT-P; State University of New York at Stony BrookMichael D. Yee, AS, EMT-P, FAPP; Paramedic - Crew Chief, City of Pittsburgh, Bureau of EMSSubject Matter ExpertsJames Adams, MD, FACEP; Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical SchoolBrent R. Asplin, MD; Affiliated Residency in Emergency Medicine, University of PittsburghRobert R. Bass, MD, FACEP; Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services SystemsNicholas Benson, MD, FACEP; East Carolina University, School of MedicineMarilyn K. Bourn, RN, EMTP; University of Colorado Health Sciences CenterGordon VR. Bradshaw, PhD; Phoenix CollegeSusan M. Briggs, MD, FACS; Massachusetts General HospitalUnited States Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic AdministrationEMT-Paramedic: National Standard Curriculum
Jeff J. Clawson, MD; Medical Priority ConsultantsDaniel J. Cobaugh, PharmD, ABAT; Univ of Rochester Med Center, Finger Lakes Regional Poison CtrKeith Conover, MD, FACEP; Wilderness EMS Institute & Mercy Hospital of PittsburghArthur Cooper, MD, MS, FACS, FAAP, FCCM; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia Univ.Eric Davis, MD, FACEP; Department of Emergency Medicine, Strong Memorial HospitalCollin DeWitt, MPA; Phoenix Fire DepartmentJoseph J. Fitch, PhD; Fitch & Associates, Inc.George L. Foltin, MD, FAAP, FACEPRaymond L. Fowler, MDScott B. Frame, MD, FACS, FCCM; Division of Trauma/Critical Care, Univ of Cincinnati Medical CenterPeter W. Glaeser, MD; University of Alabama at BirminghamJames P. Kelly, MD; Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Northwestern University Medical SchoolAlexander Sandy Kuehl, MD,MPH,FACS,FACEP; Cornell University Chaplain Valley Physician s HospitalJeffrey Mitchell, PhD; International Critical Incident Stress FoundationPaul Pepe, MD, MPH, FACEP, FCCM; Allegheny University of the Health SciencesAndrew Peitzman, MD; University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterFrankli
Norm McSwain, Jr., MD, FACS; Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery Michael O'Keefe, REMTP; EMS Office-Vermont Department of Health Thomas E. Platt, M.Ed., NREMT-P; Center for Emergency Medicine John Saito, MPH, EMT-P; Oregon Health Sciences University, Department of Emergency Medicine
