The Sociopath Next Door - The Ruthless Vs. The Rest Of Us

Transcription

contentsAcknowledgments / xiAuthor’s Note / xiiiIntroduction: Imagine / 1ONEThe Seventh Sense / 19TWOIce People: The Sociopaths / 37THREEWhen Normal Conscience Sleeps / 54FOURThe Nicest Person in the World / 72FIVEWhy Conscience is Partially Blind / 88SIXHow to Recognize the Remorseless / 105

SEVENThe Etiology of Guiltlessness:What Causes Sociopathy? / 122EIGHTThe Sociopath Next Door / 143NINEThe Origins of Conscience / 167TENBernie's Choice: Why ConscienceIs Better / 185ELEVENGroundhog Day / 201TWELVEConscience in Its Purest Form:Science Votes for Morality / 213Notes / 223Index / 239

ONEthe seventh senseVirtue is not the absence of vices or the avoidance of moraldangers; virtue is a vivid and separate thing, like pain or aparticular smell.—G. K. ChestertonThis morning, Joe, a thirty-year-old attorney, is running fiveminutes late for an extremely important meeting that, with orwithout him, will start promptly at eight o'clock. He needs to keepup a good impression with the more senior members of his firm,which means just about everybody, and he would like to have thefirst word with these wealthy clients, whose concerns include Joe'sbudding specialty of estate planning. He has been preparing hisagenda for days because he feels there is a lot at stake, and he verymuch wants to be in the conference room at the start of the meeting.Unfortunately, the furnace in Joe's town house suddenly stoppedmaking heat in the middle of the night. Freezing and pacing, afraidthe pipes would burst, he had to wait for the emergency repairmanfrom the fuel company before he could leave for work this morning.When the man showed up, Joe let him in and then, desperate to getto the meeting, abandoned him in the town house to fix the furnace,hoping the fellow would prove reasonably honest. At last, Joe was— 19 —

MARTHA STOUTable to race to his Audi and set off for the office, but with onlytwenty-five minutes left to make a thirty-minute drive. He resolvedto bend the rules a little and make up the time.Now Joe is speeding along a familiar route to work, clenching histeeth and swearing under his breath at the slow drivers, at all thedrivers really. He reinterprets a couple of red lights, passes a line oftraffic by using the breakdown lane, and clings frantically to thehope that he can somehow make it to the office by 8:00. When hehits three green lights in a row, he thinks that he may just succeed.With his right hand, he reaches over to touch the overnight bag inthe passenger's seat, to reassure himself that he remembered tobring it. In addition to everything else, he has to catch a 10:15 planeto New York this morning, a trip for the firm, and there willcertainly not be time after the meeting to go back home for histhings. His hand contacts the cushiony leather of the bag—it is thereand packed.And at this very moment, Joe remembers. He forgot to feedReebok. Reebok is Joe's three-year-old blond Labrador retriever, sonamed because, before he got too busy at the firm, Joe used to takeearly-morning runs with his enthusiastic new pet. When work tookover and the morning routine changed, Joe fenced in the smallbackyard and installed a doggy door in the basement, allowing thedog solo access to the outside. At this point, runs together in thepark are weekends only. But exercise or not, Reebok consumesseveral pounds of Science Diet every week, along with a hugeassortment of leftover human food and at least one full box ofjumbo bone treats. The young dog's appetite is stupendous, and heseems to live quite happily for two pleasures alone—his time withJoe, and his food.Joe got Reebok as a puppy, because when Joe was a boy, hisfather would not let him have a pet, and he had vowed to himselfthat when he was grown up and successful, he would have a dog, abig one. At first, Reebok had been not very different from the Audi,— 20 —

THE SOCIOPATH NEXT DOORanother acquisition, a marker of Joe's independence and materialprosperity. But soon Joe had fallen in love with the animal himself.How could he not? Reebok adored Joe unconditionally, and frompuppy-hood had followed him around the house as if Joe were thecenter of all that was good in the universe. As his puppy grew todoghood, Joe realized that this creature had as distinct andindividual a personality as any human being, and that his liquidbrown eyes contained at least as much soul. Now, whenever Joelooks into those eyes, Reebok wrinkles his soft beige brow intoseveral folded-carpet furrows and stares back. In this way, the sweet,ungainly dog appears preternaturally thoughtful, as if he can readJoe's mind and is concerned.Sometimes when there is a business trip, like today, Joe is gonefrom home for a day and a half, or even a little longer, and each timehe comes back, Reebok greets him at the door with bounding joyand instantaneous forgiveness. Before he takes one of these trips,Joe always leaves large mixing bowls full of food and water forReebok to consume in his absence, which Reebok does easily. Butthis time, between the furnace problem and his panic about the 8:00meeting, Joe forgot. The dog has no food and maybe even no water,and no way to get any until tomorrow evening, when Joe returnsfrom his trip.Maybe I can call someone to help out, Joe thinks desperately. Butno. He is between girlfriends at present, and so no one has a key tohis house.The impossibility of his situation begins to dawn on him, and hegrips the steering wheel even harder. He absolutely must make thismeeting, and he can be there on time if he just keeps going. But whatabout Reebok? He will not starve to death in a day and a half, Joeknows, but he will be miserable—and the water—how long does ittake an animal to die of dehydration? Joe has no idea. Still driving asfast as the traffic will bear, he tries to think about his options. Theavailable choices tumble over one another in a rush. He can attend— 21 —

MARTHA STOUTthe 8:00 meeting and then go home and feed the dog, but that willmake him miss his 10:15 flight, and the trip is even more importantthan the meeting. He can go to the meeting and leave in the middle.No, that would be seen as offensive. He can try to get a later flight,but then he will be very late for his appointment in New York, mayeven miss it entirely, which could cost him his job. He can ignore thedog until tomorrow. He can turn around now, miss the 8:00 meetingat the firm, take care of the dog, and still make it to the airport forhis 10:15 flight.Like a man in pain, Joe moans loudly and slumps in his seat. Justa few blocks from work, he pulls the car into a spot markedCONSTRUCTION ONLY, dials the office on his cell phone, and tellsa secretary to inform those at the morning meeting that he will notbe attending. He turns the car around and goes home to feedReebok.What Is Conscience?Amazingly, from a certain point of view, the human being we arecalling Joe decides to be absent from an important meeting withsome wealthy clients, an event he has spent several days planningfor, and where his personal interests quite clearly reside. At first, hedoes everything he can to get to the meeting on time, risking all thepossessions in his town house to a repairman he has never metbefore, and his own physical safety in his car. And then, at the verylast minute, he turns around and goes home to feed a dog, aguileless, wordless creature who could not even so much as reproveJoe for ignoring him. Joe sacrifices a high-stakes desire of his own infavor of an action that no one will witness (except maybe therepairman), a choice that will not enrich him by even one penny.What could possibly cause a young, ambitious lawyer to do such athing?— 22 —

THE SOCIOPATH NEXT DOORMost readers will smile a little when Joe turns his car around. Wefeel pleased with him for going back to feed his dog. But why are wepleased? Is Joe acting out of conscience? Is this what we mean whenwe make an approving remark about someone's behavior, such as"His conscience stopped him"?What is this invisible, inescapable, frustratingly incorruptiblepart of us we call "conscience," anyway?The question is a complicated one, even as it pertains to thesimple vignette about Joe and Reebok, because, surprisingly, thereare a number of motivations other than conscience that, separatelyor together, might cause Joe—might cause any of us—to make anapparently self-sacrificing choice. For example, perhaps Joe simplycannot stomach the thought of returning from his New York trip tofind a Labrador retriever dehydrated and dead on his kitchen floor.Not knowing how long a dog can survive without water, he isunwilling to take the risk, but his aversion to the horrifying scenariois not exactly conscience. It is something more like revulsion or fear.Or maybe Joe is motivated by what the neighbors will think ifthey hear Reebok howling in hunger, or, worse, if they learn the doghas died, alone and trapped, while Joe was on a business trip. Howwill he ever explain himself to his friends and acquaintances? Thisworry is not really Joe's conscience, either, but rather hisanticipation of serious embarrassment and social rejection. If this iswhy Joe goes back home to feed his dog, he is hardly the first humanbeing to make a decision based on the dread of what others willthink of him, rather than on what he might do if he were sure hisactions would remain a complete secret. The opinions of otherpeople keep us all in line, arguably better than anything else.Or maybe this is all a matter of the way Joe sees himself. PerhapsJoe does not want to view himself, in his own mind's eye, as the kindof wretch who would commit animal abuse, and his self-image as adecent person is crucial enough to him that, when he has no otheralternative, he will forgo an important meeting in the service of— 23 —

MARTHA STOUTpreserving that image. This is an especially plausible explanation forJoe's behavior. The preservation of self-image is a motivator of somenotoriety. In literature and often in historical accounts of humanaction, dedication to one's own self-regard is referred to as "honor."Lives have been forfeited, wars have been fought over "honor." It isan ancient concern. And in the modern field of psychology, how weview ourselves translates to the newer concept of "self-esteem," asubject about which more psychology books have been written thanperhaps any other single topic.Maybe Joe is willing to relinquish a few career points today inorder to feel okay when he looks at himself in the mirror tomorrow,in order to remain "honorable" in his own eyes. This would belaudable and very human—but it is not conscience.The intriguing truth of the matter is that much of what we do thatlooks like conscience is motivated by some other thing altogether—fear, social pressure, pride, even simple habit. And where Joe isconcerned, a number of readers will strongly favor an explanationother than conscience because some of his behaviors are alreadyquestionable. He routinely leaves his young dog alone for manyhours at a time, sometimes for nearly two days. This very morning,though he is skipping his meeting and going home to feed the dog,he still intends to make that 10:15 flight and be gone until thefollowing evening. Reebok will have no one to be with, and nowhereto go except a small fenced-in backyard. Consigning a dog to such asituation is not very nice—it reflects, at best, a certain lack ofempathy on Joe's part for the animal's social needs.Still, truth to tell, being nice would not necessarily be conscience,either. For brief periods, any reasonably clever sociopath can actwith saintlike niceness for his own manipulative purposes. Andpeople who do possess conscience are often unkind despitethemselves, out of ignorance or, as in Joe's case perhaps, inadequateempathy, or just run-of-the-mill psychological denial.Nice behavior, prudent action, thoughts about how other people— 24 —

THE SOCIOPATH NEXT DOORwill react to us, honorable conduct in the interest of our selfregard—like conscience, all of these have a positive effect on theworld at least most of the time, and any or all of them might get thedog fed sometimes, but none can be defined as the individual'sconscience. This is because conscience is not a behavior at all, notsomething that we do or even something that we think or mull over.Conscience is something that we feel. In other words, conscience isneither behavioral nor cognitive. Conscience exists primarily in therealm of "affect," better known as emotion.To clarify this distinction, let us take another look at Joe. He isnot always nice to his dog, but does he have a conscience? Whatevidence would cause, say, a psychologist to decide that, when Joepassed up his meeting and went home to rescue Reebok, he wasacting out of conscience rather than because of what other peoplewould think, or to preserve his own self-image, or maybe from thenoteworthy financial consideration that, three years before, he hadpaid twelve hundred dollars for a purebred Labrador puppyguaranteed against hip dysplasia and heart disease?As a psychologist, I am persuaded most by a feature of the storywe have not even addressed until now—the fact that Joe feelsaffection for Reebok. He is emotionally attached to his dog. Reebokfollows Joe around the house, and Joe likes it. Joe gazes intoReebok's eyes. Reebok has changed Joe from a trophy pet owner to asmitten pet owner. And on account of this attachment, I believe thatwhen Joe gave up his morning plan and went home to take care ofhis dog, he may possibly have been acting out of conscience. If wecould give Joe a truth serum and ask him what was going on insidehim at the moment he decided to turn the car around, and he wereto say something like, "I just couldn't stand it that Reebok was goingto be there hungry and thirsty all that time," then I would bereasonably convinced that Joe was conscience-driven in thissituation.I would be basing my evaluation of Joe on the psychology of— 25 —

indexabrasive psychopaths, 201acting skills, of sociopaths, 92–93Adaptation and Natural Selection(Williams), 170–72adopted children, 125affect, conscience and, 25aggressiveness, 6Alaska, 137–38altruism (unselfishness)evolution of, 170–74reciprocal, 172–73American Psychiatric Association(APA), 6, 7, 45, 51antisocial personality disorder, 6, 12Attachment and Loss (Bowlby), 132attachment disorder, 132–37Augustine of Hippo, Saint, 28authority figures, 61–71. see alsoleadersinstinctual response to, 159killing and, 67–70obedience to, 61–66, 70–71, 103,108, 177parents as, 31, 102–3perceived legitimacy of, 66–71questioning of, 160social roles and, 94avoidance, 162battered wives, 110Bersoff, David, 180–81bin Laden, Osama, 59Black Elk, 215–16blinders, to sociopathic behavior,100–104bodily obsessions, 193Borden, Lizzy, 95boredom, 190–91, 193Bowlby, John, 132— 239 —

INDEXboys, 102moral development of girls vs.,179–80brain, 172attachment disorder and, 132cortical functioning and, 126–28,136limbic system of, 129brain-imaging tests, 127Brand, Cabell, 198–99Brown, Lyn Mikel, 102Bruckner, Karin, 101–2Buber, Martin, 216Buddha, 214–15Bundy, Ted, 95Butler, Samuel, 172cancer, colon, 8care, ethic of, 179, 181case studiesDoreen Littlefield, 71, 72–87, 88–89, 92–94, 96, 97, 98, 102, 111,122–23, 126, 128, 129, 168, 170,188–90, 195Hannah's father, 143–58, 165–66,167, 168, 170, 188, 192Joe, 19–26, 28, 31, 33, 34, 55, 56, 175Luke, 111–21, 122–23, 126, 129, 158,168, 170, 188Skip, 37–49, 49, 51, 52, 54, 61, 89,92, 94, 97, 98, 111, 118, 122–23,126, 128, 140, 156, 168, 170, 188,192, 195Tillie, 200, 201–12Ceausescu, Nicolae, 133–34, 188certainty, 198character disorders, 12charm, 45, 89–92as primary characteristic ofsociopathy, 7, 90case study in use of. see casestudies, Skiplack of, 201power of, 89–90risk-taking and, 90–92child psychiatry, 135childhood abuse, 131–32, 137children. see also boys; girls; infantsadopted, 125and response to sociopathicbehavior, 100–103heritability studies on, 124–25moral development of, 174–80psychological development of,30–32chimpanzees, 46China, 138, 139Cleckley, Hervey, 12Colby, Anne, 197–99, 215, 219Coleman, Jack, 198, 219colon cancer, 8Confucius, 215connectedness, sense of, 139, 214conscienceand confrontingconsciencelessness, 100–104and love, 195–96and orders to kill, 67–71and sense of connectedness, 139,214as seventh sense, 8, 26, 221behavioral extremes and, 17case study in. see case studies,Doreen Littlefieldchangeability of, 54–57choice of having vs. not having,15–16, 196conscientia, 28'conversational emotion', 130cortical functioning, 126–28, 136courage and, 55–56covetous psychopaths, 78–83, 87description of, 22–26emotional attachment as basis of,25, 33, 35, 40, 44, 54, 183extreme, 195–200history of, 26–32— 240 —

INDEXimagining life without, 1–6, 185–86, 221origins of, 167–84power of, 107psychological theory and, 29–32psychology of, 25–26self-doubt and, 98–100significance of lack of, 10sociopathy compared with, 185–200superego and, 33–36theological discussions of, 27–29Cox, Deborah, 101–2Creativity Movement, 215–16criminality, 6childhood abuse and, 131–32social forces and, 84sociopathy compared with, 83–87cultural relativism, 30, 180–82culture, sociopathy and, 137–40, 159Dalai Lama, 217–19Damon, William, 197–99, 215, 219danger. see riskDarwin, Charles, 167Dawkins, Richard, 171death camp officials, 108, 111decentering, 176denial, 108depression, 5, 8, 31, 115, 131Destructive Emotions (Goleman andDalai Lama), 217devil, 100, 111, 221Dewey, John, 176dharma, 181, 215Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders IV, 6dizygotic (fraternal) twins, 124–25domination, 220Durr, Virginia Foster, 198duty, 103, 181East Asia, 138Eastern mysticism, 216eating disorders, 8ego, 30, 216'ego-syntonic' actions, 214Einstein, Albert, 108Electra complex, 32emotion'conversational', 130shallowness of, 7emotional attachment, 172, 214. seealso attachment disorderas basis of conscience, 25, 33, 35,40, 44, 54, 183courage and, 55–56emotional response, 190emotional stimuli, processing of,126–30, 136empathy, 7, 11, 129Epidemiologic Catchment Areastudy, 138ethics, 179, 181European Union, 134–35evil, 27–28. see also good and evil;morality'face of', 95–96personification of, 108'evoked potential', 127evolutionconscience and, 26, 167–74unit of selection in, 170–71, 173exclusion, moral, 57–60, 108, 220extraversion, 124Ezekiel, 27family members, sociopaths as, 8–9'father knows best', 102fathers, depression in, 115fear, 55, 61–62, 84, 110, 194felt by people in therapy, 143respect compared with, 161–62superego and, 33, 35femininity, idealized, 102— 241 —

INDEXflattery, 160–61, 194fraternal twins, 124–25Freud, Sigmund, 30–32, 33, 196, 214frustration, 129Gandhi, Mohandas K., 185, 189Gaslight, 96–100gaslighting, 96–100, 102, 104genes, as unit of evolutionaryselection, 170–71genetic factors, in personality, 124Genghis Khan, 187'geographic cure', 120Gilligan, Carol, 179–80girlsmoral development of boys vs.,179–80socialization and, 101–2God, 28–29, 34, 214Golden Rule, 215–16Goleman, Daniel, 217good and evil, 61. see also moralityability to distinguish between,27–28in war, 69lack of absolutes in, 100universality of, 182Goodall, Jane, 46Gould, Stephen Jay, 173Graham, Barbara 'Bloody Babs', 98–100, 111Grossman, Dave, 68, 141group interests, individualism and,169–74group-centered societies, 138–39guilt, 1, 9, 30, 32, 84, 128, 167guiltlessness, 6, 11–12, 16, 44, 88, 122–23, 185Hamilton, W. D., 171Hare, Robert, 12, 45, 84, 131, 138Harvard University, Center forMoral Education at, 176Heinz's Dilemma, 176–80, 182heritability studies, 124–25, 131, 136Hindus, 180–81, 215Hitler, Adolf, 95, 188, 193HIV, 191honor, 24human nature. see also nature vs.nurture'shadow theory' of, 107–8hypochondriasis, 193id, 30identical twins, 124–25'imminent justice', 176impulsivity, 6In a Different Voice (Gilligan), 179individualism, 138–39group interests and, 169–74infants, attachment disorder and,132–37Inge, William Ralph, 137instincts, going with, 159intelligence, 2, 10, 48, 123, 125interpersonal duty, 181intuition, 26Inuit, 137–38Japan, 138Jerome, Saint, 27Jesus, 213, 215Judeo-Christian tradition, 100, 216justice, ethic of, 179juvenile delinquency, 131killing, 167. see also murderconscience and, 67–71, 140–42kin selection, 171Kindlon, Dan, 102knowledge, subconscious, 156Kohlberg, Lawrence, 176–79— 242 —

INDEXkunlangeta, 137–38Lakota, 215language-processing tasks, 127laziness, 118, 193–94leaders, means of gaining powerused by, 94–95Lenehan, Arthur, 218'Lie Scale', 124'life disruption', 191–92, 195life satisfaction, 218limbic system, 129, 132love, 25–26, 33, 111, 128–30, 197conscience and, 195–96lying, 7, 42, 160, 194Mahabharata, 215manipulation, 6, 12, 42, 45, 48–49,195. see also charm; gaslighting;'pity play'; sextechniques of, 89–100through acting skills, 92–93marasmus, 133marriage partners, 7, 10, 11, 42, 130Marshall, S.L.A., 68Mask of Sanity, The (Cleckley), 12mental disorder, definition of, 191–92Milgram, Stanley, 62–67, 70, 143, 160Miller, Joan, 180–81Millon, Theodore, 78, 201mindEzekiel's four-faced vision of, 27,30Freud's tripartite conception of,30Minnesota Multiphasic PersonalityInventory (MMPI), 124Monahan, Mabel, 98–100monozygotic (identical) twins, 124–25moral courage, 35moral education, 218moral exclusion, 57–60, 108, 220'moral exemplars', 197–99, 219moral goals, unity of self and, 198–99moral imperative, 181Moral Judgment of the Child, The(Piaget), 175'moral realism', 175moral reasoning, 174–84culture and, 180–82development of, 175–78gender and, 179–80Heinz's Dilemma and, 176–80moral sense, 55, 57, 168, 220, 222morality, 11–13, 29, 32, 33. see alsogood and evilscience and, 213–22'morality of constraint', 175'morality of cooperation', 176Morell, Theodore, 193mothersinfants' attachment to, 132–37of adopted children, 125'mud races', 216murder, 98–99, 107. see also killing.case study involving, see casestudies, Hannah's fatheras winning, 88mass, 108serial, 49, 60Murphy, Jane M., 137–38Mussolini, Benito, 188, 189Myth of Sanity, The (Stout), 8narcissism, 12, 128, 129–30nature vs. nurture, 122–42. see alsohuman natureattachment disorder and, 132–37childhood abuse and, 131–32cultural factors and, 137–40emotional processing and, 126–30heritability studies and, 124–25,— 243 —

INDEX131, 136personality and, 124–26neuroticism, 124nonmovers, 118'nonorganic failure to thrive', 133non-zero-sum behaviors, 173Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal,111obedience. see authority figuresOedipus complex, 32oligogenic personalitycharacteristics, 126On Killing (Grossman), 68, 141oneness, 216Origin of Species, The (Darwin), 167orphans, Romanian, 133–35Osama bin Laden, 59Overy, Richard, 111Papineau, David, 169paranoid schizophrenia, 57, 76parents. see also fathers; mothersas authority figures, 31, 102patriotism, 103, 161Pd scale. see 'Psychopathic Deviate'scalePeace Is Every Step (Thich), 216personalityheritability studies on, 124–25oligogenic characteristics and,126Pettigrew, Jack, 217pharmaceutical companies, 176physical senses, 26Piaget, Jean, 175–76'pity play', 109–11, 113–16, 118–21,163–64Pol Pot, 188–90politeness, 163–64positivity, 198, 215'postconventional morality', 178–80predators, 90, 168, 169pregnancies, 56, 135'premorality', of children, 177prison population, 84, 131–32proportionalism, 29psyche, defense of, 165psychiatry, psychotherapy, 6, 129,135, 143psychoanalytic theory, 30–33psychology, spirituality and, 214–22'Psychopathic Deviate' (Pd) scale,124–25, 187psychopaths. see also sociopathsabrasive, 201covetous, 78–83psychopathy, 6, 48as misnomer, 12Psychopathy Checklist, 12, 132, 139psychotic delusions, 56racism, 215–16Raising Cain (Kindlon andThompson), 102'reasonable doubt', 99–100reciprocal altruism, 172–73reciprocity, 176remorse, 1, 6, 9, 16, 88, 128. see alsoguilt; guiltlessnessrepression, Oedipus complex and, 32respect, redefining of, 161–62responsibility, 1, 7, 31, 34, 50–51, 214risk, 7, 190attraction of, 90–92roles, social organization through,94Romanian orphans, 133–35Roots of Evil, The (Staub), 59Rule of Threes, 160schizophrenia, 8, 56–57, 76, 126science, morality and, 213–22'secure base', 132— 244 —

INDEXSecurities and ExchangeCommission (SEC), 43, 47self, unity of moral goals and, 198–99self-doubt, of sociopaths' victims,98–100self-esteem, 23Selfish Gene, The (Dawkins), 171'selfish genes', 171–72self-protection, rules for, 158–65self-worth, sociopaths' grandiosesense of, 7senses, 26September 11, 2001 attacks, 14, 52,182–84, 196, 217serial killers, 49, 60sex, manipulation through, 44–45,92–93, 153–54sexual conquest, 187shadow theory, of human nature,107–8shame, 1'unhealthy', 197single-photon emission-computedtomography, 127Smart, Pamela, 95social contract, 111social forces, crime and, 84social norms, nonconformity to, 6sociopathic charisma. see charmsociopathic symptoms, heritabilityof, 125–26sociopaths. see also psychopathsacting skills of, 92–93as family members, 8–9as percentage of generalpopulation, 6, 8, 9, 36, 54, 71,83, 106, 158as percentage of prisonpopulation, 84as solo operators, 194–95avoiding of, 162brief enthusiasms shown by, 117charm of, 7, 45, 89commonalities among, 122–23concealment of true character of,164–65eventual failure of, 187–90examples of, 91, 95, 97, 187–88. seealso case studiesexcuses given for, 10–11eyes of, 41, 45, 120invisibility of, 11, 95–96, 159invisibility of crimes of, 84laziness of, 118, 193–94obscurity of majority of, 192other names for, 141potential victims studied by, 92protecting oneself from, 17, 158–65recognizing of, 105–21resisting competition with, 162self-awareness of, 50–53self-involvement of, 193stimulation as need of, 7, 45, 190–95subjective discomfort lacking in,13techniques used by. seemanipulationtrauma patients as victims of, 8–9, 80unredeemable nature of, 164victims' self-doubt used by, 98–100violence and, 4, 9, 49winning as chief aim of, 46–50,52, 88, 92, 98, 158sociopathyas emotional processing inability,127–30behavioral manifestations of, 7–8,13blinders and, 100–104causes of, 122–42clinical diagnosis of, 6, 12, 13cognitive compensation and, 139conscience compared with, 185–— 245 —

INDEX200criminality compared with, 83–87incomprehensibility of, 11–12, 88–89increase in, 138incurability of, 13, 139–40, 159'life disruption' and, 191–92, 195nature of, 13–14other names for, 6universality of, 137–38urgency of dealing with, 9Some Do Care (Colby and Damon),198spirituality, psychology and, 214–22spouses. see marriage partnersStabb, Sally, 101–2Stamp Man, 48, 49, 98Staub, Ervin, 59stimulation, sociopaths' need for, 7,45, 190–95subconscious knowledge, 156substance abuse, 46, 135, 191superego, 30–36, 196, 214conscience and, 33–36definition and function of, 30–32Oedipus complex and, 32survivalism, social interest and, 169sympathy. see 'pity play'synderesis, 27–28, 29, 34terrorism, 5, 14, 16, 59Texas Adoption Project, 125theology, 27–29Thich Nhat Hanh, 216Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 28–29Thompson, Michael, 102Threes, Rule of, 160Tibetan Buddhists, 217, 219trauma patientsas victims of sociopaths, 8–9, 80trust as concern of, 105trustcriteria for, 108–11making mistakes in, 106superstitions regarding, 105–6Truth, 28, 29, 30twins, studies on, 124–25tyrants, 187–88'unhealthy shame', 197unselfishness. see altruismValadez, Suzie, 198, 219Vietnam veterans, 125Vietnam War, 68violence, 4, 9, 49, 107, 128, 131against women, 110, 152–53virtue, 56Waal, Frans de, 169Waddles, Charleszetta, 198waras holy, 161killing and conscience and, 67–71,140–42war criminals, 60War on the Mind (Watson), 69'wasting away', 133Watson, Peter, 69Williams, George C., 170–71Wilson, David Sloan, 173winningas sociopaths' chief aim, 46–50,52, 88, 92, 98, 158losing side of, 186–90win-win behaviors, 173'Wise Woman's Stone, The', 218–19witch burnings, 58Wolman, Benjamin, 95women. see also girlsbattered, 110, 152–53social response to outrageexpressed by, 101–2Women's Anger (Cox, Stabb, and— 246 —

Sep 11, 2001 · The Sociopath Next Door / 143 NINE The Origins of Conscience / 167 TEN Bernie's Choice: Why Conscience Is Better / 185 ELEVEN Groundhog Day / 201 TWELVE Conscience in Its Purest Form: Science Votes for Morality / 213 Notes / 223 Index / 239. ONE the seventh sense Virtue is not the absence of vices or the avoidance of moral .File Size: 744KBPage Count: 22Explore furtherThe Sociopath Next Door PDFpdfbook.bitbucket.ioHBSE Study Questions #11 Flashcards Quizletquizlet.comSocio quizes ch 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 12 and jeopardy .quizlet.comIntro to Sociology Review Sheet Answers: Chapter 3 .quizlet.comCriminal Justice - Chapter 3 (Part 1) Flashcards Quizletquizlet.comRecommended to you b