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1PRACTICE TESTPassage 2Questions 13-24 are based on the following passages.These two passages are adapted from books written in2003 and 2004. respectively.Passage 1It is easy to understand why the mind may appearto be a forbidding, unapproachable mystery. The mind,I as an entity, seems to be different in kind from other thingsLine we know, namely, from the objects around us and from the5 parts of our own bodies that we see and touch. One viewsays that the body and its parts are physical matter whilethe mind is not. On one side is the physically extensivematter that constitutes the cells, tissues, and organs of ourbodies. On the other side is the stuff we cannot touch -all10 the rapidly formed feelings, sights, and sounds that makeup the thoughts in our minds. This view is no longermainstream in science or philosophy, although it isprobably the view that most human beings today wouldregard as their own.15This idea of the dualism of the mind and the body wasdignified by seventeenth-century philosopher and scientistRene Descartes.Descartes also proposed that the mindand the body interacted, yet he never explained how theinteraction might take place beyond saying that the pineal20 gland was the conduit for such interactions. The pineal isa small structure, located at the midline and base of thebrain, and it turns out to be rather poorly connected andendowed for the momentous job Descartes required of it.Whether Descartes really believed in mind-body25dualism is by no means certain. He might have believedit at some point and then not, which is not meant at allas a criticism. It would simply mean that Descarteswas uncertain and ambivalent about a problem that haschronically plunged human beings into precisely the30 same state of uncertainty and ambivalence. Very humanand very understandable.'In spite of its scientific shortcomings, the viewidentified with Descartes resonates well with the aweand wonder we deservedly have for our own minds.35 There is no doubt that the human mind is special-specialin its immense capacity to feel pleasure and pain and to beaware of the pain and pleasure of others; in its ability tolove and pardon; in its prodigious memory; in its ability tosymbolize and narrate; in its gift of language with syntax;40 in its power to understand the universe and create new.universes; in the speed and ease with which it processesand integrates disparate information so that problems canbe solved. But awe and wonder at the human mind arecompatible with other views of the relation between the45 body and the mind and do not make Descartes' views anymore correct.1It is popular in some quarters to claim that the humanbrain is largely unstructured at birth; it is tempting tobelieve that our minds float free of our genomes.* But50 such beliefs are completely at odds with everything thatscientists have learned in molecular biology over the pastdecade. From cell division to cell differentiation, everyprocess that is used in the development of the body is alsoused in the development of the brain.55The idea that the brain might be assembled in muchthe same way as the rest of the body-onthe basis ofthe action of thousands of autonomous but interactinggenes-c-is anathema to our deeply held feelings that ourminds are special, somehow separate from the material60 world. Yet at the same time, for the Western intellectualtradition, it is a continuation, perhaps the culmination,of a growing up for the human species that for too longhas overestimated its own centrality in the universe.Copernicus showed us that our planet is not at the center65 of the universe. William Harvey showed that our heart is amechanical pump. John Dalton and the nineteenth-centurychemists showed that our bodies are, like all other matter,made up of atoms. Watson and Crick showed us how genesemerge from chains of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,70 and phosphorus. In the 1990s, the Decade of the Brain,cognitive neuroscientists showed that our minds are theproduct of our brains. Early returns from this century areshowing that the mechanisms that build our brains are justa special case of the mechanisms that build the rest of our75 bodies. The initial structure of the mind, like the initialstructure of the rest of the body, is a product of our genes.Although some might see the idea that our brains arejust a bunch of molecules, grown in all the usual ways, asa bleak renunciation of all that is special about humanity,80 to me it is an exciting modem take on an old idea, thatthere is a bond that unifies all living things. Throughadvances in molecular biology and neuroscience, we cannow understand better than ever just how deeply we shareour biological make-up-physicaland mental-withall85 the creatures with which we share our planet.*genomes:the genetic material of an organism13. With which statement regarding the view described inlines 5-7 of Passage 1 ("One . not") would the authorof Passage 2 most likely agree?(A) It has been undermined by recent discoveriesin molecular biology.(B) It has been strengthened by modem ideas abouthumans' place in the universe.(C) It is supported by cognitive neuroscientists.CD) It is promoted by contemporary philosophers.(E) It is consistent with the findings ofnineteenth-century chemists.-7-

1PRACTICE TEST119. The "growing up" referred to in line 62 is primarily14. The tone of the comment that closes the thirdparagraph of Passage 1 (lines 30-31) is bestdescribed as(A) the acceptance of Copernicus' theories aboutEarth's position in the universe(A) sarcastic(B) an increased understanding of and respect for the(B)(C)(D)(E)power of the human mind(C) a commitment in all scientific branches to solvingproblems related to human survival(D) an endorsement of the view that our brains arenot a product of carbon, hydrogen, and otherelements(E) the recognition based on scientific developmentsthat humans do not occupy a privileged place innatureapologeticimpartialadmiringsympathetic15. The author of Passage 2 would most likely viewthe attitude described in lines 33-35, Passage 1("the awe . is special"), as an example of thetendency of humans to(A) dispute scientific advances(B) defend their own skepticism(C) exaggerate the role of the bodyCD) overemphasize their distinctiveness(E) resist identifying with other people20. In lines 64-72 ("Copernicus . brains"), the author ofPassage 2 uses the word "showed" repeatedly to makea point about the '(A) role of genes in shaping human development(B) place of human beings in the universe(C) remarkable achievements of twentieth-centuryscientists(D) controversial nature of recent scientific findings(E) fundamental mystery of the human mind16. In lines 35-43, Passage 1 ("the human . solved"), theauthor uses repetition primarily to convey the(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)skills that human beings gradually acquiredistinctions between mind and bodyself-absorption that distinguishes human beingsrange of emotions people experience.unique capabilities of the human mind21. The author of Passage 2 uses the phrase "just a bunchof molecules" in line 78 primarily to(A)(B)(C)(D)undermine a fmnly held convictioncriticize a viewpoint as being unfairemphasize an overly modest attitudeacknowledge that a concept may seemunappealing(E) minimize the differences between oldand new perspectives17. The idea expressed in line 49, Passage 2("our minds . genomes"), is most like whichidea in Passage 1 ?(A)(B)(C)(D)"the dualism of the mind and the body" (line 15)"the mind and the body" interacting (lines 17-18)the "capacity to feel pleasure and pain" (line 36)The mind's "ability to symbolize and narrate"(lines 38-39)(E) The mind's "gift of language with syntax"(line 39)22. In line 80, "take" most nearly means(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)18. In line 35, Passage 1, and line 59, Passage 2, the word"special" most nearly finitefeatured-8-sceneshareoutlookreactionnumber

1PRACTICE TEST23. Which best describes the final sentences of Passage 1124. Both passages suggest that the notion that the mind and(lines 43-46) and Passage 2 (lines 81-85), respectively?body are separate is(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)Perplexed . resignedCautionary . stirringIronic . dismissiveReverent . dispassionateIndignant . surprisedappealing but problematicnovel but impracticalrational and reassuringinnovative and controversialdemeaning and shortsightedSTOPIf you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.Do not turn to any other section in the test.-9-

2D2DPRACTICE TESTSECTION 2Time - 25 minutes20 Questions(1-20)Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the correspondingcircle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratch work .1. The use of a calculator is permitted.2. All numbers used are real numbers.3. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.cf) !)oThey are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is notdrawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.z4. Unless otherwise specified, the domain of any functionf(x) is a real number.f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which2xAx' ',J2 x.v3l . sSpecial Right TrianglesThe number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.1. If 2x 4 8, what is the value of 6x 4?(A)(B)(C)B2816(D) 20(E)AC3. In the figure above, points A and C lie on line .What is the value of x?2. Yesterday a veterinarian treated 2 mice, 3 cats, 6 dogs,and no other animals. What was the ratio of the numberof cats treated to the total number of animals treated bythe veterinarian?(A)(B)(C)/\ 110 24(A) 30(B) 40(C) 50(D) 60(E) 701 to 4] to 61 to 13(D) 3 to 8(E) 3 to 11-10-

2DPRACTICE TEST4. During a book sale, Alex sold 1 book for 5.00,2 books for 4.50 each, and 4 books for 2.50 each.Dana sold 3 books for 4.50 each and 2 books for 5.00 each. What was the most frequently occurringsale price for these 12 books?CUSTOMERS'D2FAVORITE CAR COLORS(A) 2.50(B) 4.00(C) 4.25(D) 4.50(E) 5.007. Each of the customers surveyed at West Motor Salesindicated one of the six colors shown in the graphabove as his or her favorite color for a new car. Ifa customer is to be chosen at random from thosesurveyed, what is the probability that the customerwill be one who answered "black"?5. How much longer is 16 yards than 16 feet?(1 yard 3 [fHJs2439Ji(B)r(C)r(D)2r(E)r2120(B)118(C)110(D)6. Some values for the variables rand s are shown inthe table above. Which of the following could bedirectly proportional to s ?(A)(A)(E) 1-11-1514

2DPRACTICE TESTD2STRuQ11. In the figure above, the circle has center 0 andthe equilateral triangle has perimeter 18. Whatis the length of a diameter of the circle?Note: Figure not drawn to scale.8. In the figure above, point P lies on line segmentsQT(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)and RU. If the measure of LRPQ is 40 and themeasure of LSPU is 70 , what is the measure ofLSPT?(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)30 35 40 45 50 121098612. At a rate of (2r 4) miles per hour, how many milescan a car travel in 2 hours, in terms of r ? .(A)9. Let the function f.be defined by f(x) 2x. Which ofthe following expressions is equivalent to(C)2t5t7t(D)(E)25t(A)(B)(B)(C)(D)(E)f( 5t) ?r 2 .r 44r 44r 64r 8lOt10. If ax by 14 and ax - byfollowing must be true?(A)ax(B)ax 9 .(C)by 9(D)by 10(E)ax2 4, which of the 5 bl -----x13. What is the area of the shaded region in thefigure above? (A) 30(B) 21(C) 18(D) 12180(E)-12-9

D2DPRACTICE TEST17. If x, y, and z are positive numbers and14. Renting video games from The Video Vendor costs 6 per game with no annual membership fee. Rentingvideo games from The Game Garage costs 3 pergame, but a customer must pay an additional 60 foran annual membership. If n represents the number ofvideo games a customer rents in a year, which of thefollowing gives all values of n for which it costs lessto rent from The Game Garage than from The VideoVendor?2x 3y 4z, then the value of xis how many times the value of x ?(A)(B)(C)n 10(B) n 10(C) 10 n 20(D) n 20(E) n 20(A)(D) y z136176132172(E) It cannot be determined from theinformation given.18. In the xy-plane, the two points A (-2, -5) andB -----.yB (3, 2) are each reflected about the line y x.What is the slope of the line containing the pointsto which A and B are reflected?A ----- - D(A)15. In the figure above, 6.BCFand 6.CDEhave thesame size and same shape. If ABFEis a rectangle,AB 2, and DE 3, what is the area of ABCD ?(A)(B)(B)(C)1520(C) 25(D) 30(D)(E) 40(E)16. The sum of five different positive integers is 100. Ifthe smallest of these integers is 10, what is the largestpossible value of one of the other four integers?(A)(B)(C)(D)46546484(E) 90-13-7557175775

o219. If x(A)(B)7; 0 and 5y xv5,yEthen 2SOFT DRINKS AND CONTAINERS OFPOPCORN SOLD, BY MONTH 4,0001'051'0 3,500 3,000 'C2,5002,000·sE(C);S 1,500Z 1,000(D)(E)oPRACTICE TESTsE ./. ./,./2.// '\.'"J"'"'"-1"'-/34./5 -67Month--Soft drinks and containersof popcorn, combined-0-Soft drinks only20. The lower line graph above shows the number ofsoft drinks sold at a movie theater for the first sevenmonths the theater was open. The upper line graphshows the sum of the number of soft drinks and thenumber of containers of popcorn sold. In which monthdid the number of containers of popcorn sold show thegreatest increase from the previous month?(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)Month 3Month4Month SMonth 6Month 7STOPIf you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.Do not turn to any other section in the test.-14-

33PRACTICE TEST33SECTION 3Time - 25 minutes24 Questions(25-48)Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the correspondingcircle on the answer sheet.27. The professor was forced to ------- her exhaustiveproject of documenting regional dialects after losingmost of the funding that paid research assistants tocollect extensive data.Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blankindicating that something has been omitted. Beneaththe sentence are five words or sets of words labeled Athrough E. Choose the word or set of words that, wheninserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of thesentence as a whole.(A) eradicate(D) recantExample:enforce . usefulend . divisiveovercome . unattractiveextend . satisfactoryresolve . acceptable(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)0 @ .(C) indigenous(A) requisite(B) canonical(C) beneficent(D) vociferous(E) apocryphal26. The term "best -seller" is ------- rather than -------;that is, it means only that certain books are sellingbetter than others.(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)sharpens . conflatesincreases . diminishesaggravates . buttressesdisrupts . quantifiesimpairs . minimizes29. Many popular historical anecdotes, althoughpreviously unquestioned and still repeated in sometextbooks, are now considered ------- by professionalhistorians.25. Although giraffes can be found in zoos and preservesworldwide, they are ------- to Africa, their sole nativeland.(A) beneficial(B) impervious(D) consigned(E) analogous(C) curtail28. Some scientists claim that repeated exposure tosustained noise ------- blood-pressure regulation andmight even make people prone to hypertension; others,by contrast, have obtained inconclusive evidencethat ------- the correlation.Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposeda compromise that they felt would be ------- to bothlabor and management.(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(B) bemoan(E) severunpredictable . consequentialprescriptive . descriptivefluid . dynamiccomparative . absoluterelative . gratuitous-15-

33PRACTICE TEST33The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may alsobe based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the. passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.Questions 30-33 are based on the following passages.30. Both passages are concerned with which advertisingtechnique?Passage 1(A) The repetition of a catchy sloganThe use of attractive people and scenery(C) The strategic placement of ads(D) Follow-up interviews with viewers(E) Subliminal messages in popular programs(B)Advertisers are interested in finding out what exactlymakes pop-up ads on the Internet irritating to viewers.Why are these ads seen as intrusive? One 2002 marketingLine study determined that when Internet users are focused,5 they perceive interruptions as more severe than when theyare not focused. What seems to get the attention of viewers(rather than merely annoy them) is to expose them to popup ads only at breaks in content-forexample, when theyare switching between pages. Another marketing strategy10 is to increase the relevance of the ad. If a consumer isbrowsing an automobile Web site, a pop-up ad for a carwill seem less intrusive than will a travel ad.31. The primary function of the sentence in lines 3-6("One . not focused") is to(A) paraphrase the question posed in line 3present a relevant research finding(C) hypothesize about a solution to a problem(D) shift the focus to a different medium(E) address a concern of Internet users(B)Passage 232. If the advertisers mentioned in Passage 1 chose toapply the information in the last sentence of Passage 2(lines 21-23), they would most likelyConsumers can always avoid television advertisingby leaving the room or-moreof

Practice with this full-length PSAT/NMS T Timing The PSAT/NMSQT has five sections. You will have 25 minutes each for Sections 1-4and 30 minutes for Section 5. Scoring The best way to get ready for the PSAT/NMSQT is to take the Practice Test. Find time! For each correct answer, you rece