1 Electrostatic Field

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87053 IFC r2 maApril 26, 2010Time: 16:47#A1Electrostatic Fieldin Free SpacePage 12Dielectrics, Capacitance,and Electric EnergyPage 61Q'3Steady ElectricCurrentsPage 124I 1 kA4Magnetostatic Field inFree SpacePage 1735Magnetostatic Field inMaterial MediaPage 2216Slowly Time-VaryingElectromagnetic FieldPage 2637Inductance andMagnetic EnergyPage 311

87053 IFC r2 maApril 26, 2010Time: 16:47#BQ QEJd D n2 8Jn1e, mS1iSpS2dlCHRRapidly Time-VaryingElectromagnetic FieldPage 351V ie g(t)9Uniform PlaneElectromagnetic WavesPage 40810Reflection and Transmissionof Plane WavesPage 47111integrated circuitsand discrete elementsdielectric substrateField Analysis ofTransmission Linesmicrostrip linesPage 533metallic foilsstriplines12Circuit Analysis ofTransmission LinesPage 57613Waveguides andCavity ResonatorsPage 66214uf (u,zf)yOAntennas and WirelessCommunication SystemsPage 713

87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kaApril 23, 2010Time: 17:21#iElectromagnetics

87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kaApril 23, 2010Time: 17:21# ii

87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kaApril 23, 2010Time: 17:21# iiiElectromagneticsBranislav M. NotarošDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringColorado State UniversityUpper Saddle River Boston Columbus San Francisco New YorkIndianapolis London Toronto Sydney Singapore Tokyo MontrealDubai Madrid Hong Kong Mexico City Munich Paris Amsterdam Cape Town

87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kaApril 23, 2010Time: 19:53# ivVice President and Editorial Director, Engineering and Computer Science: Marcia J. HortonSenior Editor: Andrew GilfillanEditorial Assistant: William OpaluchVice President, Production: Vince O’BrienSenior Managing Editor: Scott DisannoProduction Editor: Pavithra Jayapaul, TexTech InternationalSenior Operations Supervisor: Alan FischerOperations Specialist: Lisa McDowellExecutive Marketing Manager: Tim GalliganArt Director: Kenny BeckCover Designer: LCI DesignsArt Editor: Greg DullesMedia Editor: Dan SandinComposition/Full-Service Project Management: TexTech Internationalc 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rightsCopyright reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyrightand permissions should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage ina retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use materials from this work, please submit a writtenrequest to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 1 Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ07458.The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These effortsinclude the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to theseprograms or the documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable inany event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing,performance, or use of these programs.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataNotaros, Branislav M.Electromagnetics / Branislav M. Notaros.p. cm.ISBN 0-13-243384-21. Electromagnetism — Textbooks. I. Title.QC760.N68 2010537–dc22201000221410 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1ISBN-13: 978-0-13-243384-6ISBN-10:0-13-243384-2

87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kaApril 23, 2010Time: 17:21#vTo the pioneering giants of electromagneticsMichael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell, and others (please see the inside back cover)for providing the foundation of this book.To my professors and colleaguesBranko Popović (late), Antonije Djordjević, and othersfor making me nearly understand and fully love this stuff.To all my students in all my classes over all these yearsfor teaching me to teach.To Olivera, Jelena, and Milicafor everything else.

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87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kaApril 23, 2010Time: 17:21# viiContentsPreface xi1Electrostatic Field in Free Space 151.161.171.181.191.201.21Coulomb’s Law 2Definition of the Electric Field IntensityVector 7Continuous Charge Distributions 8On the Volume and Surface Integration 9Electric Field Intensity Vector due to GivenCharge Distributions 10Definition of the Electric ScalarPotential 16Electric Potential due to Given ChargeDistributions 18Voltage 21Differential Relationship between the Fieldand Potential in Electrostatics 22Gradient 233-D and 2-D Electric Dipoles 26Formulation and Proof of Gauss’ Law 28Applications of Gauss’ Law 31Differential Form of Gauss’ Law 35Divergence 36Conductors in the Electrostatic Field 39Evaluation of the Electric Field andPotential due to Charged Conductors 43Electrostatic Shielding 46Charge Distribution on Metallic Bodies ofArbitrary Shapes 48Method of Moments for Numerical Analysisof Charged Metallic Bodies 49Image Theory .17Polarization of Dielectrics 62Polarization Vector 63Bound Volume and Surface ChargeDensities 64Evaluation of the Electric Field andPotential due to Polarized Dielectrics 68Generalized Gauss’ Law 70Characterization of Dielectric Materials 71Maxwell’s Equations for the ElectrostaticField 75Electrostatic Field in Linear, Isotropic, andHomogeneous Media 75Dielectric-Dielectric BoundaryConditions 79Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations 82Finite-Difference Method for NumericalSolution of Laplace’s Equation 84Definition of the Capacitance of aCapacitor 86Analysis of Capacitors with HomogeneousDielectrics 88Analysis of Capacitors with InhomogeneousDielectrics 95Energy of an ElectrostaticSystem 102Electric Energy Density 104Dielectric Breakdown in ElectrostaticSystems 1083Steady Electric Currents 1243.13.23.3Dielectrics, Capacitance, and ElectricEnergy 612.12.22.33.43.5Current Density Vector and CurrentIntensity 125Conductivity and Ohm’s Law in LocalForm 128Losses in Conductors and Joule’s Law inLocal Form 132Continuity Equation 133Boundary Conditions for SteadyCurrents 137vii

87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kaviii3.63.73.83.93.103.113.123.13April 23, 2010Time: 17:21# viiiContentsDistribution of Charge in a Steady CurrentField 138Relaxation Time 139Resistance, Ohm’s Law, and Joule’sLaw 140Duality between Conductance andCapacitance 146External Electric Energy Volume Sourcesand Generators 149Analysis of Capacitors with ImperfectInhomogeneous Dielectrics 152Analysis of Lossy Transmission Lines withSteady Currents 156Grounding Electrodes 162Magnetostatic Field in Free Space c Force and Magnetic Flux DensityVector 174Biot-Savart Law 177Magnetic Flux Density Vector due to GivenCurrent Distributions 179Formulation of Ampère’s Law 185Applications of Ampère’s Law 187Differential Form of Ampère’s Law 193Curl 195Law of Conservation of Magnetic Flux 198Magnetic Vector Potential 201Proof of Ampère’s Law 204Magnetic Dipole 206The Lorentz Force and Hall Effect 209Evaluation of Magnetic Forces 2115Magnetostatic Field in Material Media 2215.15.25.35.45.55.65.75.85.95.10Magnetization Vector 222Behavior and Classification of MagneticMaterials 223Magnetization Volume and Surface CurrentDensities 227Generalized Ampère’s Law 234Permeability of Magnetic Materials 236Maxwell’s Equations and BoundaryConditions for the Magnetostatic Field 239Image Theory for the Magnetic Field 241Magnetization Curves and Hysteresis 243Magnetic Circuits – Basic Assumptions forthe Analysis 247Kirchhoff’s Laws for Magnetic Circuits 250Maxwell’s Equations for the Time-InvariantElectromagnetic Field 2586Slowly Time-Varying ElectromagneticField 2636.16.26.36.46.544.15.116.66.76.8Induced Electric Field Intensity Vector 264Slowly Time-Varying Electric and MagneticFields 269Faraday’s Law of ElectromagneticInduction 271Maxwell’s Equations for the SlowlyTime-Varying Electromagnetic Field 276Computation of TransformerInduction 277Electromagnetic Induction due toMotion 283Total Electromagnetic Induction 289Eddy Currents 2947Inductance and Magnetic Energy 3117.17.27.37.47.57.6Self-Inductance 312Mutual Inductance 318Analysis of Magnetically CoupledCircuits 324Magnetic Energy of Current-CarryingConductors 331Magnetic Energy Density 334Internal and External Inductance in Termsof Magnetic Energy 3428Rapidly Time-Varying ElectromagneticField 3518.18.28.38.48.58.68.7Displacement Current 352Maxwell’s Equations for the RapidlyTime-Varying Electromagnetic Field 357Electromagnetic Waves 361Boundary Conditions for the RapidlyTime-Varying Electromagnetic Field 363Different Forms of the Continuity Equationfor Rapidly Time-Varying Currents 364Time-Harmonic Electromagnetics 366Complex Representatives ofTime-Harmonic Field and CircuitQuantities 369

87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kaApril 23, 2010Time: 17:21# ixContents8.88.98.108.118.12Maxwell’s Equations in ComplexDomain 373Lorenz Electromagnetic Potentials 376Computation of High-Frequency Potentialsand Fields in Complex Domain 381Poynting’s Theorem 389Complex Poynting Vector 397Uniform Plane Electromagnetic Waves 4089.49.59.69.79.89.99.109.119.129.139.14Wave Equations 409Uniform-Plane-Wave Approximation 411Time-Domain Analysis of Uniform PlaneWaves 412Time-Harmonic Uniform PlaneWaves and Complex-Domain Analysis 416The Electromagnetic Spectrum 425Arbitrarily Directed Uniform TEMWaves 427Theory of Time-Harmonic Waves in LossyMedia 429Explicit Expressions for Basic PropagationParameters 433Wave Propagation in Good Dielectrics 436Wave Propagation in GoodConductors 439Skin Effect 441Wave Propagation in Plasmas 447Dispersion and Group Velocity 452Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves 458Field Analysis of Transmission Lines 53311.111.311.411.511.611.711.811.911.10Reflection and Transmission of PlaneWaves 47110.110.210.310.410.510.610.710.8Normal Incidence on a Perfectly ConductingPlane 472Normal Incidence on a Penetrable PlanarInterface 483Surface Resistance of GoodConductors 492Perturbation Method for Evaluationof Small Losses 497Oblique Incidence on a PerfectConductor 499Concept of a Rectangular Waveguide 505Oblique Incidence on a DielectricBoundary 507Total Internal Reflection and BrewsterAngle 513TEM Waves in Lossless Transmission Lineswith Homogeneous Dielectrics 534Electrostatic and Magnetostatic FieldDistributions in Transversal Planes 538Currents and Charges of LineConductors 539Analysis of Two-Conductor TransmissionLines 540Transmission Lines with Small Losses 547Attenuation Coefficients for LineConductors and Dielectric 550High-Frequency Internal Inductance ofTransmission Lines 556Evaluation of Primary and SecondaryCircuit Parameters of TransmissionLines 557Transmission Lines with InhomogeneousDielectrics 563Multilayer Printed Circuit Board 56712Circuit Analysis of Transmission Lines 57612.112.210Wave Propagation in MultilayerMedia 2.912.1012.1112.12Telegrapher’s Equations and Their Solutionin Complex Domain 577Circuit Analysis of Lossless TransmissionLines 581Circuit Analysis of Low-Loss TransmissionLines 581Reflection Coefficient for TransmissionLines 583Power Computations of TransmissionLines 589Transmission-Line Impedance 592Complete Solution for Line Voltage andCurrent 597Short-Circuited, Open-Circuited, andMatched Transmission Lines 601Transmission-Line Resonators 608Quality Factor of Resonators with SmallLosses 610The Smith Chart – Construction and BasicProperties 614Circuit Analysis of Transmission LinesUsing the Smith Chart 618

87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kax12.1312.1412.1512.1612.1712.18April 23, 2010Time: 17:21#xContentsTransient Analysis of TransmissionLines 628Thévenin Equivalent Generator Pair andReflection Coefficients for LineTransients 630Step Response of Transmission Lines withPurely Resistive Terminations 634Analysis of Transmission Lines with PulseExcitations 640Bounce Diagrams 646Transient Response for Reactive orNonlinear Terminations 64913Waveguides and Cavity Resonators 3.1213.1313.1414Analysis of Rectangular Waveguides Basedon Multiple Reflections of PlaneWaves 663Propagating and Evanescent Waves 666Dominant Waveguide Mode 668General TE Modal Analysis of RectangularWaveguides 671TM Modes in a RectangularWaveguide 676Cutoff Frequencies of Arbitrary WaveguideModes 677Wave Impedances of TE and TMWaves 680Power Flow along a Waveguide 681Waveguides with Small Losses 684Waveguide Dispersion and WaveVelocities 688Waveguide Couplers 692Rectangular Cavity Resonators 696Electromagnetic Energy Stored in a CavityResonator 700Quality Factor of Rectangular Cavities withSmall Losses 703Antennas and Wireless CommunicationSystems 4.1214.1314.1414.15Electromagnetic Potentials and FieldVectors of a Hertzian Dipole 715Far Field and Near Field 720Steps in Far-Field Evaluation of anArbitrary Antenna 722Radiated Power, Radiation Resistance,Antenna Losses, and Input Impedance 730Antenna Characteristic Radiation Functionand Radiation Patterns 736Antenna Directivity and Gain 740Antenna Polarization 745Wire Dipole Antennas 745Image Theory for Antennas above aPerfectly Conducting Ground Plane 751Monopole Antennas 754Magnetic Dipole (Small Loop)Antenna 758Theory of Receiving Antennas 760Antenna Effective Aperture 766Friis Transmission Formula for a WirelessLink 768Antenna Arrays 772APPENDICES1Quantities, Symbols, Units, andConstants 7912Mathematical Facts and Identities 7963Vector Algebra and Calculus Index 8014Answers to Selected Problems 802BibliographyIndex809806

87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kaApril 23, 2010Time: 17:21# xiPrefaceElectromagnetic theory is a fundamental underpinning of technical education, but, at the sametime, one of the most difficult subjects for studentsto master. In order to help address this difficulty andcontribute to overcoming it, here is another textbookon electromagnetic fields and waves for undergraduates, entitled, simply, Electromagnetics. This textprovides engineering and physics students and otherusers with a comprehensive knowledge and firmgrasp of electromagnetic fundamentals by emphasizing both mathematical rigor and physical understanding of electromagnetic theory, aimed towardpractical engineering applications.The book is designed primarily (but by no meansexclusively) for junior-level undergraduate universityand college students in electrical and computer engineering, physics, and similar departments, for bothtwo-semester (or two-quarter) course sequencesand one-semester (one-quarter) courses. It includes14 chapters on electrostatic fields, steady electriccurrents, magnetostatic fields, slowly time-varying(low-frequency) electromagnetic fields, rapidly timevarying (high-frequency) electromagnetic fields, uniform plane electromagnetic waves, transmissionlines, waveguides and cavity resonators, and antennasand wireless communication systems.Apparently, there are an extremely large number of quite different books for undergraduate electromagnetics available (perhaps more than for anyother discipline in science and engineering), whichare all very good and important. This book, however,aims to combine the best features and advantages ofall of them. It also introduces many new pedagogicalfeatures not present in any of the existing texts.This text provides many nonstandard theoretically and practically important sections and chapters,new style and approaches to presenting challenging topics and abstract electromagnetic phenomena, innovative strategies and pedagogical guidesfor electromagnetic field and wave computation andproblem solving, and, most importantly, outstanding (by the judgment of students so far) workedout examples, homework problems, conceptual questions, and MATLAB exercises. The goal is to significantly improve students’ understanding of electromagnetics and their attitude toward it. Overall,the book is meant as an “ultimate resource” forundergraduate electromagnetics.The distinguishing features of the book are:371 realistic examples with very detailed and instructive solutions, tightly coupled to the theory, including strategies for problem solving650 realistic end-of-chapter problems, strongly andfully supported by solved examples (there is a demoexample for every homework problem)Clear, rigorous, complete, and logical presentationof material, balance of breadth and depth, balanceof static (one third) and dynamic (two thirds) fields,with no missing stepsFlexibility for different options in coverage, emphasis, and ordering the material in a course or courses,including the transmission-lines-first approachMany nonstandard topics and subtopics and newderivations, explanations, proofs, interpretations,examples, pedagogical style, and visualizations500 multiple-choice conceptual questions (on theCompanion Website), checking conceptual understanding of the book material400 MATLAB computer exercises and projects (onthe Companion Website), many with detailed solutions (tutorials) and MATLAB codes (m files)www.pearsonhighered.com/notarosThe following sections explain these and other features in more detail.xi

87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kaxiiApril 23, 2010Time: 17:21# xiiPrefaceWORKED EXAMPLES ANDHOMEWORK PROBLEMSThe most important feature of the book is anextremely large number of realistic examples, withdetailed and pedagogically instructive solutions, andend-of-chapter (homework) problems, strongly andfully supported by solved examples. There are atotal of 371 worked examples, all tightly coupledto the theory, strongly reinforcing theoretical concepts and smoothly and systematically developingthe problem-solving skills of students, and a total of650 end-of-chapter problems, which are essentiallyoffered and meant as end-of-section problems (indications appear at the ends of sections as to whichproblems correspond to that section).Most importantly, for each homework problemor set of problems, there is always an example orset of examples in the text whose detailed solutionprovides the students and other readers with all necessary instruction and guidance to be able to solvethe problem on their own, and to complete all homework assignments and practice for tests and exams.The abundance and quality of examples and problems are enormously important for the success ofthe course and class: students always ask for moreand more solved examples, which must be relevantfor the many problems that follow (for homeworkand exam preparation) – and this is exactly what thisbook attempts to offer.Examples and problems in the book emphasize physical conceptual reasoning and mathematicalsynthesis of solutions, and not pure formulaic (plugand-chug) solving. They also do not carry dry and toocomplicated pure mathematical formalisms. The primary goal is to teach the readers to reason throughdifferent (more or less challenging) situations and tohelp them gain confidence and really understand andlike the material. Many examples and problems havea strong practical engineering context.Solutions to examples show and explain everystep, with ample discussions of approaches, strategies, and alternatives. Very often, solutions are presented in more than one way to aid understandingand development of true electromagnetic problemsolving skills. By acquiring such skills, which aredefinitely not limited to a skillful browsing throughthe book pages in a quest for a suitable “black-box”formula or set of formulas nor a skillful use of pocketcalculators to plug-and-chug, the reader also acquirestrue confidence and pride in electromagnetics, anda strong appreciation for both its theoretical fundamentals and its practical applications.“Physical” nontrivial examples are good alsofor instructors – for lectures and recitations – asthey are much more interesting and suitable forlogical presentation and discussion in the classthan the “plug-and-chug” or purely “mathematical”examples.CLARITY, RIGOR, ANDCOMPLETENESSAlong with the number and type of examples andproblems (and questions and exercises), the mostcharacteristic feature of the book is its consistentattention to clarity, completeness, and pedagogicalsoundness of presentation of the material throughout the entire text, aiming for an optimal balance ofbreadth and depth. Electromagnetics, as a fundamental science and engineering discipline, provides complete physical explanations for (almost) everythingwithin its scope and rigorous mathematical modelsfor everything it covers. Thus, besides a couple ofexperimental fundamental laws (like Coulomb’s law)that have to be taken for granted for the model tobuild on, all other steps in building the most impressive and exciting structure called the electromagnetictheory can be readily presented to the reader in aconsistent and meaningful manner and with enoughdetail to be understandable and appreciable. This isexactly what this book attempts to do.Simply speaking, literally everything is derived,proved, and explained (except for a couple of experimental facts), with many new derivations, explanations, proofs, interpretations, and visualizations.Difficult and important concepts and derivations areregularly presented in more than one way to helpstudents understand and master the subject at hand.Maximum effort has been devoted to a continuouslogical flow of topics, concepts, equations, and ideas,with practically no “intentionally skipped” steps andparts. This, however, is done in a structural and modular manner, so that the reader who feels that somesteps, derivations, and proofs can be bypassed at thetime (with an opportunity of redoing it later) can doso, but this is left to the reader’s discretion (or to thediscretion and advice of the course instructor), notthe author’s.Overall, my approach is to provide all possible(or all necessary) explanations, guidance, and detail

87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kaApril 23, 2010Time: 17:21# xiiiPrefacein the theoretical parts and examples in the text,whereas students’ actual understanding of the material, their thinking “on their own feet,” and abilityto do independent work are tested and challengedthrough numerous and relevant end-of-chapter problems and conceptual questions, and not throughfilling the missing gaps in the text.On the other hand, I am fully aware thatbrevity may seem attractive to students at first glancebecause it typically means fewer pages for reading assignments. However, most students will readilyacknowledge that it is indeed much easier and fasterto read, grasp, and use several pages of thoroughlyexplained and presented material as opposed to asingle page of condensed material with too manymissing parts. During my dealings with students overso many years, I have been constantly told thatthey in fact prefer having everything derived andexplained, and host of sample problems solved, toa lower page count and too many important parts,steps, and explanations missing, and too few detailedsolutions, and this was the principal motivation formy writing this book.This approach, in my opinion, is also good forinstructors, as they have a self-contained, ready-touse continuous “story” for each of their lectures,instead of a set of discrete formulas and samplefacts with little or no explanations and detail. Onthe other hand, the instructor may choose to presentonly main facts for a given topic in class and rely onstudents for the rest, as they will be able to quicklyand readily understand all reading assignments fromthe book. Indeed, I expect that every instructorusing this text will have different “favorite” topics presented in class with all details and in greatdepth, including a number of examples, while “giving away” some other topics to students to cover ontheir own, with more or less depth, including workedexamples.OPTIONS IN COVERAGE OF THEMATERIALThis book promotes and implements the direct orchronological and not inverse order of topics inteaching/learning electromagnetics, which can brieflybe characterized as: first static and then dynamictopics, or first fields (static, quasistatic, and rapidlytime-varying) and then waves (uniform plane waves,xiiitransmission lines, waveguides, and antennas). Inaddition, the book features a favorable balance ofstatic (one third) and dynamic (two thirds) fields.Ideally, a course or a sequence of courses usingthis text would completely cover the book material,with a likelihood that some portions would be givento students as a reading assignment only. However,the book allows a lot of flexibility and many different options in actually covering the material, orparts of it, and ordering the topics in a course (orcourses).One scenario is to quickly go through Chapters1–7, do just basic concepts and equations, and acouple of examples in each chapter, quickly reachChapter 8 (general Maxwell’s equations, etc.), andthen do everything else as applications of generalMaxwell’s equations, including selected topics fromChapters 1–7 and more or less complete coverageof all other chapters. This scenario would essentially reflect the inverse (nonchronological) orderof topics in teaching/learning electromagnetics. Infact, there may be many different scenarios suitable for different areas of emphasis and specializedoutcomes of the course and the available time, allof them advancing in chronological order, throughChapters 1–14 of the book, just with differentspeeds and different levels of coverage of individualchapters.To help the instructors create a plan for using thebook material in their courses and students and otherreaders prioritize the book contents in accordancewith their learning objectives and needs, Tables 1and 2 provide classifications of all book chaptersand sections, respectively, in two levels, indicatingwhich chapters and sections within chapters are suggested as more likely candidates to be skipped orskimmed (covered lightly). This is just a guideline,and I expect that there will be numerous extremelycreative, effective, and diverse combinations of booktopics and subtopics constituting course outlines andlearning/training plans, customized to best meet thepreferences, interests, and needs of instructors, students, and other book users.Most importantly, if chapters and sections areskipped or skimmed in the class, they are not skippednor skimmed in the book, and the student will alwaysbe able to quickly find and apprehend additionalinformation and fill any missing gaps using pieces ofthe book material from chapters and sections that arenot planned to be covered in detail.

87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kaxivApril 23, 2010Time: 17:21# xivPrefaceTable 1. Classification of book chapters in two groups, where “mandatory” chapters are those thatwould likely be covered in most courses, while some of the “elective” chapters could be skipped (or skimmed)based on specific areas of emphasis and desired outcomes of the course or sequence of courses and the available time. In selecting the material for the course(s), this classification at the chapter level could be combinedwith the classification at the section level given in Table 2.“Mandatory” Chapters: 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12“Elective” Chapters: 2, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 141. Electrostatic Field in Free Space2. Dielectrics, Capacitance, and Electric Energy3. Steady Electric Currents5. Magnetostatic Field in Material Media4. Magnetostatic Field in Free Space7. Inductance and Magnetic Energy6. Slowly Time-Varying Electromagnetic Field10. Reflection and Transmission of Plane Waves8. Rapidly Time-Varying Electromagnetic Field11. Field Analysis of Transmission Lines9. Uniform Plane Electromagnetic Waves13. Waveguides and Cavity Resonators12. Circuit Analysis of Transmission Lines14. Antennas and Wireless Communication SystemsTable 2. Classification of book sections in two “tiers” in terms of the suggested priority for coverage; ifone or more sections in any of the chapters are to be skipped (or skimmed) given the areas of emphasis andspecialized outcomes of the course or courses and the available time, then it is suggested that they be selectedfrom the “tier two” sections, which certainly does not rule out possible omission (or lighter coverage) of someof the “tier one” sections as well.Chapter“Tier One” Sections“Tier Two” Sections1. Electrostatic Field in Free Space1.1–1.4, 1.6, 1.8–1.10, 1.13–1.161.5, 1.7, 1.11, 1.12, 1.17–1.212. Dielectrics, Capacitance, and Electric Energy2.1, 2.6, 2.7, 2.9, 2.10, 2.12,2.13, 2.15, 2.162.2–2.5, 2.8, 2.11, 2.14, 2.173. Steady Electric Currents3.1–3.4, 3.8, 3.10, 3.123.5–3.7, 3.9, 3.11, 3.134. Magnetostatic Field in Free Space4.1, 4.2, 4.4–4.7, 4.94.3, 4.8, 4.10–4.135. Magnetostatic Field in Material Media5.1, 5.5, 5.6, 5.8, 5.115.2–5.4, 5.7, 5.9, 5.106. Slowly Time-Varying Electromagnetic Field6.2–6.56.1, 6.6–6.87. Inductance and Magnetic Energy7.1, 7.4, 7.57.2, 7.3, 7.68. Rapidly Time-Varying Electromagnetic Field8.2, 8.4, 8.6–8.8, 8.11, 8.128.1, 8.3, 8.5, 8.9, 8.109. Uniform Plane Electromagnetic Waves9.3–9.7, 9.11, 9.149.1, 9.2, 9.8–9.10, 9.12, 9.1310. Reflection and Transmission of Plane Waves10.1, 10.2, 10.4–10.710.3, 10.8, 10.911. Field Analysis of Transmission Lines11.4–11.6, 11.811.1–11.3, 11.7, 11.9, 11.1012. Circuit Analysis of Transmission Lines12.1–12.6, 12.11, 12.12, 12.1512.7–12.10, 12.13, 12.14,12.16–12.1813. Waveguides and Cavity Resonators13.1–13.3, 13.6, 13.8, 13.9,13.1213.4, 13.5, 13.7, 13.10, 13.11,13.13, 13.1414. Antennas and Wireless CommunicationSystems14.1, 14.2, 14.4–14.6, 14.8,14.14, 14.1514.3, 14.7, 14.9–14.13

87053 00 FM i-xviii r3 kaApril 23, 2010Time: 17:21# xvPrefacexvTable 3. Ordering the book material for the transmission-lines-first approach; Chapter 12 (CircuitAnalysis of Transmission Lines) is written using only pure circuit-theory concepts (all field-theory aspects oftransmission lines are placed in Chapter 11 – Field Analysis of Transmission Lines), so it can be taken at the verybeginning of the cour

4.8 Law of Conservation of Magnetic Flux 198 4.9 Magnetic Vector Potential 201 4.10 Proof of Ampère’s Law 204 4.11 Magnetic Dipole 206 4.12 The Lorentz Force and Hall Effect 209 4.13 Evaluation of Magnetic Forces 211 5 Magnetostatic Field in Material Media 221 5.1 Magnetization Vector 222 5.2 Be