World Geography - Texas Education Agency

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Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) BreakoutsSubjectChapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social StudiesSubchapterSubchapter C. High SchoolCourse§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.(a) General requirements. Students shall be awarded one unit of credit for successful completion of this course.(b) Introduction.(1) In World Geography Studies, students examine people, places, and environments at local, regional, national, and international scales from the spatial and ecological perspectives of geography. Students describe theinfluence of geography on events of the past and present with emphasis on contemporary issues. A significant portion of the course centers around the physical processes that shape patterns in the physical environment; thecharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystems and their interrelationships; the political, economic, and social processes that shape cultural patterns of regions; types and patterns of settlement; the distributionand movement of the world population; relationships among people, places, and environments; and the concept of region. Students analyze how location affects economic activities in different economic systems. Studentsidentify the processes that influence political divisions of the planet and analyze how different points of view affect the development of public policies. Students compare how components of culture shape the characteristics ofregions and analyze the impact of technology and human modifications on the physical environment. Students use problem-solving and decision-making skills to ask and answer geographic questions.(2) To support the teaching of the essential knowledge and skills, the use of a variety of rich primary and secondary source material such as contemporary and historic maps of various types, satellite-produced images,photographs, graphs, map sketches, and diagrams is encouraged.(3) The eight strands of the essential knowledge and skills for social studies are intended to be integrated for instructional purposes. Skills listed in the social studies skills strand in subsection (c) of this section should beincorporated into the teaching of all essential knowledge and skills for social studies. A greater depth of understanding of complex content material can be attained when integrated social studies content from the variousdisciplines and critical-thinking skills are taught together. Statements that contain the word "including" reference content that must be mastered, while those containing the phrase "such as" are intended as possible illustrativeexamples.(4) Students identify the role of the U.S. free enterprise system within the parameters of this course and understand that this system may also be referenced as capitalism or the free market system.(5) Throughout social studies in Kindergarten-Grade 12, students build a foundation in history; geography; economics; government; citizenship; culture; science, technology, and society; and social studies skills. The content,as appropriate for the grade level or course, enables students to understand the importance of patriotism, function in a free enterprise society, and appreciate the basic democratic values of our state and nation as referencedin the Texas Education Code (TEC), §28.002(h).Page 1 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015(6) Students understand that a constitutional republic is a representative form of government whose representatives derive their authority from the consent of the governed, serve for an established tenure, and are sworn touphold the constitution.(7) State and federal laws mandate a variety of celebrations and observances, including Celebrate Freedom Week.(A) Each social studies class shall include, during Celebrate Freedom Week as provided under the TEC, §29.907, or during another full school week as determined by the board of trustees of a school district, appropriateinstruction concerning the intent, meaning, and importance of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, in their historical contexts. The study of the Declaration of Independencemust include the study of the relationship of the ideas expressed in that document to subsequent American history, including the relationship of its ideas to the rich diversity of our people as a nation of immigrants, theAmerican Revolution, the formulation of the U.S. Constitution, and the abolitionist movement, which led to the Emancipation Proclamation and the women's suffrage movement.(B) Each school district shall require that, during Celebrate Freedom Week or other week of instruction prescribed under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, students in Grades 3-12 study and recite the following text: "Wehold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness--That to secure theseRights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed."(8) Students identify and discuss how the actions of U.S. citizens and the local, state, and federal governments have either met or failed to meet the ideals espoused in the founding documents.(C) Knowledge and skills.Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(1) History. The student understands how geography andprocesses of spatial exchange (diffusion) influenced events inthe past and helped to shape the present. The student isexpected to:(A) analyze the effects of physical and human geographicpatterns and processes on the past and describe their impacton the present, including significant physical features andenvironmental conditions that influenced migration patternsand shaped the distribution of culture groups today(i) analyze the effects of physical geographic patterns on thepastPage 2 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(1) History. The student understands how geography andprocesses of spatial exchange (diffusion) influenced events inthe past and helped to shape the present. The student isexpected to:(A) analyze the effects of physical and human geographicpatterns and processes on the past and describe their impacton the present, including significant physical features andenvironmental conditions that influenced migration patternsand shaped the distribution of culture groups today(ii) analyze the effects of human geographic patterns on thepast(1) History. The student understands how geography andprocesses of spatial exchange (diffusion) influenced events inthe past and helped to shape the present. The student isexpected to:(A) analyze the effects of physical and human geographicpatterns and processes on the past and describe their impacton the present, including significant physical features andenvironmental conditions that influenced migration patternsand shaped the distribution of culture groups today(iii) analyze the effects of physical geographic processes onthe pastPage 3 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(1) History. The student understands how geography andprocesses of spatial exchange (diffusion) influenced events inthe past and helped to shape the present. The student isexpected to:(A) analyze the effects of physical and human geographicpatterns and processes on the past and describe their impacton the present, including significant physical features andenvironmental conditions that influenced migration patternsand shaped the distribution of culture groups today(iv) analyze the effects of human geographic processes on thepast(1) History. The student understands how geography andprocesses of spatial exchange (diffusion) influenced events inthe past and helped to shape the present. The student isexpected to:(A) analyze the effects of physical and human geographicpatterns and processes on the past and describe their impacton the present, including significant physical features andenvironmental conditions that influenced migration patternsand shaped the distribution of culture groups today(v) describe their impact on the present, including significantphysical features that influenced migration patterns andshaped the distribution of culture groups todayPage 4 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(1) History. The student understands how geography andprocesses of spatial exchange (diffusion) influenced events inthe past and helped to shape the present. The student isexpected to:(A) analyze the effects of physical and human geographicpatterns and processes on the past and describe their impacton the present, including significant physical features andenvironmental conditions that influenced migration patternsand shaped the distribution of culture groups today(vi) describe their impact on the present, including significantenvironmental conditions that influenced migration patternsand shaped the distribution of culture groups today(1) History. The student understands how geography andprocesses of spatial exchange (diffusion) influenced events inthe past and helped to shape the present. The student isexpected to:(B) trace the spatial diffusion of phenomena such as theColumbian Exchange or the diffusion of American popularculture and describe the effects on regions of contact(i) trace the spatial diffusion of phenomenaPage 5 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(1) History. The student understands how geography andprocesses of spatial exchange (diffusion) influenced events inthe past and helped to shape the present. The student isexpected to:(B) trace the spatial diffusion of phenomena such as theColumbian Exchange or the diffusion of American popularculture and describe the effects on regions of contact(ii) describe the effects [of spatial diffusion of phenomena] onregions of contact(2) History. The student understands how people, places, andenvironments have changed over time and the effects of thesechanges. The student is expected to:(A) describe the human and physical characteristics of thesame regions at different periods of time to evaluaterelationships between past events and current conditions(i) describe the human characteristics of the same regions atdifferent periods of time to evaluate relationships between pastevents and current conditionsPage 6 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(2) History. The student understands how people, places, andenvironments have changed over time and the effects of thesechanges. The student is expected to:(A) describe the human and physical characteristics of thesame regions at different periods of time to evaluaterelationships between past events and current conditions(ii) describe the physical characteristics of the same regions atdifferent periods of time to evaluate relationships between pastevents and current conditions(2) History. The student understands how people, places, andenvironments have changed over time and the effects of thesechanges. The student is expected to:(B) explain how changes in societies have led to diverse usesof physical features(i) explain how changes in societies have led to diverse usesof physical features(3) Geography. The student understands how physicalprocesses shape patterns in the physical environment. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain weather conditions and climate in relation toannual changes in Earth-Sun relationships(i) explain weather conditions in relation to annual changes inEarth-Sun relationshipsPage 7 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(3) Geography. The student understands how physicalprocesses shape patterns in the physical environment. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain weather conditions and climate in relation toannual changes in Earth-Sun relationships(ii) explain climate in relation to annual changes in Earth-Sunrelationships(3) Geography. The student understands how physicalprocesses shape patterns in the physical environment. Thestudent is expected to:(B) describe the physical processes that affect theenvironments of regions, including weather, tectonic forces,erosion, and soil-building processes(i) describe the physical processes that affect theenvironments of regions, including weather(3) Geography. The student understands how physicalprocesses shape patterns in the physical environment. Thestudent is expected to:(B) describe the physical processes that affect theenvironments of regions, including weather, tectonic forces,erosion, and soil-building processes(ii) describe the physical processes that affect theenvironments of regions, including tectonic forcesPage 8 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(3) Geography. The student understands how physicalprocesses shape patterns in the physical environment. Thestudent is expected to:(B) describe the physical processes that affect theenvironments of regions, including weather, tectonic forces,erosion, and soil-building processes(iii) describe the physical processes that affect theenvironments of regions, including erosion(3) Geography. The student understands how physicalprocesses shape patterns in the physical environment. Thestudent is expected to:(B) describe the physical processes that affect theenvironments of regions, including weather, tectonic forces,erosion, and soil-building processes(iv) describe the physical processes that affect theenvironments of regions, including soil-building processes(3) Geography. The student understands how physicalprocesses shape patterns in the physical environment. Thestudent is expected to:(C) examine the physical processes that affect the lithosphere,atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere(i) examine the physical processes that affect the lithospherePage 9 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(3) Geography. The student understands how physicalprocesses shape patterns in the physical environment. Thestudent is expected to:(C) examine the physical processes that affect the lithosphere,atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere(ii) examine the physical processes that affect the atmosphere(3) Geography. The student understands how physicalprocesses shape patterns in the physical environment. Thestudent is expected to:(C) examine the physical processes that affect the lithosphere,atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere(iii) examine the physical processes that affect thehydrosphere(3) Geography. The student understands how physicalprocesses shape patterns in the physical environment. Thestudent is expected to:(C) examine the physical processes that affect the lithosphere,atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere(iv) examine the physical processes that affect the biospherePage 10 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(i) explain how elevation influence[s] temperature(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(ii) explain how latitude influence[s] temperature(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(iii) explain how wind systems influence temperaturePage 11 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(iv) explain how ocean currents influence temperature(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(v) explain how position on a continent influence[s]temperaturePage 12 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(vi) explain how mountain barriers influence temperature(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(vii) explain how elevation influence[s] precipitation(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(viii) explain how latitude influence[s] precipitationPage 13 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(ix) explain how wind systems influence precipitation(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(x) explain how ocean currents influence precipitationPage 14 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(xi) explain how position on a continent influence[s]precipitation(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(xii) explain how mountain barriers influence precipitation(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(xiii) explain how elevation influence[s] distribution of climateregionsPage 15 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(xiv) explain how latitude influence[s] distribution of climateregions(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(xv) explain how wind systems influence distribution of climateregionsPage 16 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(xvi) explain how ocean currents influence distribution ofclimate regions(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(xvii) explain how position on a continent influence[s]distribution of climate regions(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(A) explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, oceancurrents, position on a continent, and mountain barriersinfluence temperature, precipitation, and distribution of climateregions(xviii) explain how mountain barriers influence distribution ofclimate regionsPage 17 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(B) describe different landforms and the physical processesthat cause their development(i) describe different landforms(4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(B) describe different landforms and the physical processesthat cause their development(ii) describe the physical processes that cause [the]development [of different landforms](4) Geography. The student understands the patterns andcharacteristics of major landforms, climates, and ecosystemsof Earth and the interrelated processes that produce them. Thestudent is expected to:(C) explain the influence of climate on the distribution ofbiomes in different regions(i) explain the influence of climate on the distribution of biomesin different regionsPage 18 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreakout(5) Geography. The student understands how political,economic, and social processes shape cultural patterns andcharacteristics in various places and regions. The student isexpected to:(A) analyze how the character of a place is related to itspolitical, economic, social, and cultural elements(i) analyze how the character of a place is related to itspolitical elements(5) Geography. The student understands how political,economic, and social processes shape cultural patterns andcharacteristics in various places and regions. The student isexpected to:(A) analyze how the character of a place is related to itspolitical, economic, social, and cultural elements(ii) analyze how the character of a place is related to itseconomic elements(5) Geography. The student understands how political,economic, and social processes shape cultural patterns andcharacteristics in various places and regions. The student isexpected to:(A) analyze how the character of a place is related to itspolitical, economic, social, and cultural elements(iii) analyze how the character of a place is related to its socialelementsPage 19 of 119Publisher Name: Program ISBNStudent Material

Chapter 113. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies§113.43. World Geography Studies (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2011-2012.Proclamation 2015Knowledge and Skills StatementStudent ExpectationBreak

(1) In World Geography Studies, students examine people, places, and environments at local, regional, national, and international scales from the spatial and ecological perspectives of geography. Students describe the influence of geography on events of t